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Which animals yawn, and has it evolved independently more than once?
A little further explanation as to how yawning is advantageous - how would an organism that didn't yawn/respond to yawns be more likely to die?
Physiologically, what is the difference (if there is any) between a true reflexive yawn and a voluntary effort to simulate a yawn? Why do they feel different?
Semi-protected edit request on 21 April 2022[edit]
This edit request by an editor with a conflict of interest has now been answered.
Can the following sentences:
-'Many animal species, including birds and fish, experience yawning'
Be changed to 'Almost all vertebrate animals, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and even fish, experience yawning.'
-'A yawn is a reflex consisting of the simultaneous inhalation of air and the stretching of the eardrums, followed by an exhalation of breath.'
Be changed to: 'A yawn is a reflex lasting 4-7 seconds, and is characterized by a long inspiratory phase with gradual mouth gaping, followed by a brief climax (or acme) with muscle stretching, and a rapid expiratory phase with muscle relaxation. [1][2] For fsh and birds, this is described as gradual mouth
gaping, staying open for at least 3 s and subsequently a rapid closure of the mouth. [3]
This is a more accurate defenition of a yawn and animals that perform yawning. Stretching the eardrums is only a small part of the yawn and refers to one specific hypothesis (middle ear clearing). This is considered a side-effect by many scientists in the field of yawning, thus I would not state it in the defenition. Thank you again! — Preceding unsigned comment added by ChristiaanDoelman (talk • contribs) 14:19, 21 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]
^Provine, RR (1986). "Yawning as a stereotyped action pattern and releasing stimulus". Ethology. 72 (2): 109-122.
^Baenninger, R (1987). "Some comparative aspects of yawning in Betta splendens, Homo sapiens, Panthera leo, and Papio sphinx". J Comp Psychol. 101 (4): 349.