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Urea , also known as carbamide-containing cream ,[clarification needed ] is used as a medication and applied to the skin to treat dryness and itching such as may occur in psoriasis , dermatitis , or ichthyosis .[1] [2] [3] It may also be used to soften nails .[3]
In adults side effects are generally few.[4] It may occasionally cause skin irritation.[1] Urea works in part by loosening dried skin.[5] Preparations generally contain 5 to 50% urea .[2] [3]
Urea containing creams have been used since the 1940s.[6] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines .[7] [8] It is available over the counter .[3]
Medical uses [ edit ]
Urea cream is indicated for debridement and promotion of normal healing of skin areas with hyperkeratosis , particularly where healing is inhibited by local skin infection , skin necrosis , fibrinous or itching debris or eschar .[5] Specific condition with hyperkeratosis where urea cream is useful include:
Side effects [ edit ]
Common side effects of urea cream are:
In severe cases, there can be an allergic reaction with symptoms such as skin rash , urticaria , difficulty breathing and swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue.[9]
Mechanism of action [ edit ]
Urea in low doses is a humectant while at high doses (above 20%) it causes breakdown of protein in the skin.[10]
Urea dissolves the intercellular matrix of the cells of the stratum corneum , promoting desquamation of scaly skin , eventually resulting in softening of hyperkeratotic areas.[5] In nails , urea causes softening and eventually debridement of the nail plate.[5]
References [ edit ]
^ a b British national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. pp. 796–798. ISBN 9780857111562 .
^ a b c d "Urea topical medical facts from Drugs.com" . www.drugs.com . Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2017 .
^ Paradisis M, El Hachem M, Diociaiuti A, Giannetti A (2015). "Ichthyoses" . In Katsambas A, Lotti T, Dessinioti C, D'Erme AM (eds.). European Handbook of Dermatological Treatments (3rd ed.). Springer. p. 439. ISBN 9783662451397 . Archived from the original on 2017-01-16.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Urea Cream - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses" . www.drugs.com . Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2017 .
^ Harding CR, Bartolone J, Rawlings AV (1999). "Effects of natural moisturizing factor and lactic acid isomers on skin function." . In Loden M, Maibach HI (eds.). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function . CRC Press. p. 235. ISBN 9780849375200 . Archived from the original on 2017-01-16.
^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 . Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl :10665/325771 . WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^ World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021) . Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl :10665/345533 . WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
^ a b c d e "Urea Cream (Consumer Information)" . Drugs.com . May 4, 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-02-26.
^ Sethi A, Kaur T, Malhotra SK, Gambhir ML (2016). "Moisturizers: The Slippery Road" . Indian Journal of Dermatology . 61 (3 ): 279–287. doi :10.4103/0019-5154.182427 . PMC 4885180 . PMID 27293248 .
External links [ edit ]
"Urea" . Drug Information Portal . U.S. National Library of Medicine.
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Urea-containing_cream&oldid=1209611126 "
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