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The urogenital opening is where bodily waste and reproductive fluids are expelled to the environment outside of the body cavity. In some organisms, including monotremes,[1] birds and many fish, discharge from the urological, digestive, and reproductive systems empty into a common sac called the cloaca.
Inplacental mammals, these three systems are more separated. In females, separate orifices have evolved for all three, while in males, a common urinary meatus discharges both urine and semen from the urethra.[2]Inmarsupials[3][4] and rabbits[5][6] and pigs, the female urethra and vagina open into a urogenital sinus with a common urogenital opening.[7]
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