 | This is the user sandboxofTenorTwelve. A user sandbox is a subpage of the user's user page. It serves as a testing spot and page development space for the user and is not an encyclopedia article. Create or edit your own sandbox here. Other sandboxes: Main sandbox | Template sandbox Finished writing a draft article? Are you ready to request review of it by an experienced editor for possible inclusion in Wikipedia? Submit your draft for review! |
[nb 1] [nb 2] Societal attitudes toward homosexuality https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/lawmakers-to-introduce-bill-granting-puerto-rico-statehood/ar-BBVjPpb?ocid=spartanntp https://listen.sdpb.org/post/push-lgbt-protection-follows-pine-ridge-marriage-legalization https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/wellness/10-things-amputees-and-people-with-limb-differences-want-you-to-know/ar-AAAMDEe?ocid=spartandhp https://www.patreon.com/posts/26930484 https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/the-last-5-living-navajo-code-talkers-share-their-stories/ar-AAGvEeP?ocid=spartanntp Doug LaMalfa climate denier
Medical procedures/sterilization, hormones, diagnosis, divorce
Morgan's Inspiration Island in San Antonio, Texas https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/op-ed/bs-ed-lgbtq-hopkins-20160928-story.html Henry Fraser
https://abc7chicago.com/entertainment/piano-virtuoso-with-autism-honored-in-mount-prospect/5265384/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYXeStcjOyg
https://www.povertylaw.org/files/docs/cost-of-being-crime-free.pdf http://www.nprillinois.org/post/crime-free-housing-rules-spread-illinois#stream/0 https://twitter.com/MalumVires/status/1113842427939446785
St. Vincent and the Grenadines lawsuit; Sean Macleish; Chicago
https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/sen-richard-burr-is-not-just-a-friend-to-the-health-care-industry-hes-also-a-stockholder/ar-BB13hBiZ?ocid=spartandhp [note 1] Some unions[4]
Professional sports leagues in the United States
In 2013, WTTW interviewed Chicagoan Anthony Roy, First Nation Ojibway Tribe, who has called for a new logo and mascot, who said “…You can’t ignore the history of the time and the ideas and the ideology people of color faced during the creation of mascots. There was forced assimilation and cultural destruction. When the [physical] genocide of the Nation was over, cultural genocide starts. So while children were taken from their families, Native children, …this is alongside the history of sports and the births of sports leagues and many mascots. For instance the residential school my father attended that was around [during] the time of the foundation of the Blackhawks.”[15]
Ma-Ka-Tai-Me-She-Kia-Kiak or Black Hawk was born in Saukenuk (modern-day Rock Island, IL).[16] He was a Sac war leader. He fought with the British in the War of 1812 in hopes it would deter white settlement in his homelands. [17]
He rejected the Treaty of St. Louis of 1804 which took his homelands and called for removal west of the Mississippi River.[18]
In 1832, Black Hawk led an armed party of Sacs, Meskwakis (Foxes), Kickapoos, Ho-Chunk (Winnebagoes), and Potawatomis into his occupied homelands.[19] This was in contrast with Sac Chief Keokuk who did not seek to confront the Americans.[20] Eventually, the Black Hawk War began, which was waged in modern-day Illinois, Wisconsin, and Iowa.[21] During the war, his people faced starvation.[22] He sought to grow corn on his tribal homelands.[23]
The Black Hawk War culminated into what has been described as a massacre[24] and slaughter[25] at the Battle of Bad Axe. US troops shot at Indigenous women, children, and men as they were crossing the river to escape as well as injured Indigenous People as they were drowning.[26] Jeffrey Ostler writes in the Journal of Genocide Research that “The slaughter at Bad Axe is clearly encompassed by Chalk and Jonassohn’s definition of genocide as ‘a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state or other authority intends to destroy a group.’”[27]
After the war, Black Hawk was taken prisoner of war under Lieutenant Jefferson Davis, who would later become President of the Confederate States of America.[28] In his autobiography, Black Hawk described his imprisonment as torture.[29] After the war, Andrew Jackson sent Black Hawk on a tour of eastern cities as a trophy of war[30] to show the strength of the United States.[31] Black Hawk attracted large crowds and grew in fame. However, In Detroit crowds hanged and burned an effigy of Black Hawk.[32] Black Hawk spent the last years of his life in Iowa with his family with the Sacs, where he died.[33] After his death, his grave was robbed and his head was severed. The rest of his remains were stolen later. One historical account says that his remains were stored at a museum which burned down and were destroyed.[34]
Multiple studies have examined the effects of puberty blockers for gender non-conforming and transgender adolescents. Of the studies that have been conducted, they generally indicate that these treatments are reasonably safe, are reversible, and can improve psychological well-being in these individuals. [38][39][40]
Studies
While few studies have examined the effects of puberty blockers for gender non-conforming or transgender adolescents, the studies that have been conducted generally indicate that these treatments are reasonably safe, are reversible, and can improve psychological well-being in these individuals.[38][39][40]
Efforts to ban puberty blockers are opposed by the American Medical Association,[41] the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP),[42] the American Academy of Pediatrics,[43] the American Psychiatric Association,[44] the Endocrine Society,[45] the American Psychological Association,[46] and the World Professional Association for Transgender Health.[47]
the American College of Physicians,[50] the American Academy of Family Physicians,[51] the American Osteopathic Association,[52] the Pediatric Endocrine Society,[53] the US Professional Association for Transgender Health[54]
the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists[55]
Notes: [56] [57][58][59][60][61][62]
Bookmarks [63][64][65][66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] [78] [79] [80] [81][82] [83] [84] [85] [86][87] [88] [89] [90] [91]
In 2022, over 230 anti-transgender bills were introduced in state legislatures in a coordinated national campaign to target transgender rights.[92] Many of these bills became law. 17 US States have banned transgender people from sports in various capacities. These states include Texas,[93] Arkansas,[94] Florida,[95] Alabama,[96] Oklahoma,[97] Kentucky,[98] Mississippi,[99] Tennessee,[100] West Virginia,[101] South Carolina,[102] Utah,[103] South Dakota,[104] Montana,[105] Iowa,[106] Arizona,[107] Idaho,[108] and Georgia.[109] The passage of legislation against transgender youth has seen increases in calls to Trans Lifeline, a suicide crisis hotline run by and for transgender people.[110]
The Human Rights Campaign has argued that these discriminatory laws are not about protecting women’s sports, but rather are attempts to “undermine the existence of transgender people.[111] Transgender advocates have noted that hormone replacement therapy and testosterone suppression reduces muscle mass and physical strength in transgender women, reducing the possibility of a competitive advantage.[112] Transgender inclusion in sports is supported by the Women’s Sports Foundation, the Women's National Basketball Players Association (WNBPA), the National Women's Law Center, and Athlete Ally as well as United States Women's National Soccer Team Captain Megan Rapinoe, tennis legend Billie Jean King, WNBA Minnesota Lynx coach Cheryl Reeve and WNBA star Candace Parker.[113][114][115][116]
In 2022, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton and the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services opened investigations into parents giving gender affirming healthcare including puberty blockers to children. Such investigations could separate transgender children from their parents.[117] In response, Dr. Melissa Merrick, President and CEO of Prevent Child Abuse America wrote “AG Paxton’s statement stands in direct opposition to the evidence-based care recognized by numerous professional societies, including the American Academy of Pediatrics, American Medical Association, Endocrine Society, and American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.” “Prevent Child Abuse America knows that providing necessary and adequate medical care to your child is not child abuse, and that transgender and non-binary children need access to age-appropriate, individualized medical care just like every other child.[118]
Reversible
Fully reversible
| Athlete | Country | Sport | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Timothy LeDuc |  United States
|
Skating | [122] |
| Jason Brown | United States
|
Skating | [123] |
| Eric Radford |  Canada
|
Skating | [124] |
| Paul Poirer | Canada
|
Skating | [125] |
| Kévin Aymoz |  France
|
Skating | [126] |
| Guillaume Cizeron | France
|
Skating | [127] |
The 2020 Summer Olympics, delayed by the coronavirus pandemic, will be held in Summer 2021. According to Outsports, the Tokyo Olympics will have at least 121 publicly out LGBTQ athletes.[128] The 2020 Summer Olympics will feature its first transgender athletes, namely Laurel Hubbard, a transgender woman for New Zealand weightlifting; Quinn, who is transgender and nonbinary and uses they/them pronouns is competing with Canada's women's soccer team. Chelsea Wolfe, who is a transgender woman, has been selected as an alternate for USA women's BMX freestyle team.[129]
hi In 2021, Women's sports icons Billie Jean King, World Cup Champion and National Women's Soccer Team Co-Captain Megan Rapinoe, WNBA stars Brianna Turner, Layshia Clarendon, and over 150 athletes in women's sports filed an amicus brief in Soule v. CIAC with the Women's National Basketball Players Association (WNBPA), Athlete Ally, and the Women's Sports Foundation in support of inclusion of transgender athletes in school sports.[254][255]
An organized campaign to roll back LGBTQ rights in multiple legislatures has focused on banning transgender athletes from sports activities
Von Steuben https://www.history.com/news/openly-gay-revolutionary-war-hero-friedrich-von-steuben
https://narf.org/illinois-mascot-still-causing-harm/
https://champaignshowers.com/longer-reads/its-kingfisher-season/
https://www.apa.org/pi/oema/resources/indian-mascots https://www.splcenter.org/news/2005/08/11/ncaa-rules-against-indian-mascots https://www.news-gazette.com/sports/illini-sports/ncaa-rejects-uis-appeal-on-chief-illiniwek/article_c21bb11c-6a57-5711-9808-bb00843b9f72.html https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-112shrg66994/html/CHRG-112shrg66994.htm
UIUC has not yet selected a replacement. A non-binding resolution to make "Alma Otter" the official mascot was placed on the spring 2019 student election ballot, but failed to receive a majority, although some saw the vote as a sign of progress.[256] In 2020 the belted kingfisher received a majority of student votes as a possible new mascot.[257] In September 2020 the University Senate overwhelmingly endorsed the kingfisher as the new mascot, voting 105 to 2 with 4 abstaining.[258]
The belted kingfisher, a bird local to Illinois whose female is orange and blue, has been proposed as a replacement mascot. The kingfisher as a mascot has been endorsed by the American Indian Center of Chicago, the Chicago Tribune editorial board, and the Champaign Audubon Society.[259] In December 2022, the National Congress of American Indians endorsed efforts to find a replacement mascot, though the kingfisher was not explicitly mentioned.[259] Supporters of the Kingfisher have dubbed the bird "naturally true to the orange and blue."[260]
Profesional
College
K-12 school
Other
Statewide legislation
/sandbox2 On July 4, 2019, a minor league hockey team in Copper Cliffs, Sudbury, Ontario changed its mascot from the Redmen to the Reds and replaced their logo that was nearly identical to the Blackhawks logo. The change was supported by Indigenous communities.[261]
On April 20, 2019, the Brooklin Lacrosse Club announced it would no longer be called the Brooklin Redmen and replaced their logo that was nearly identical to the Chicago Blackhawks logo[262]
On July 14, 2021 the Portland Winterhawks (Oregon) in the Western Hockey League replaced their logo that was nearly identical to the Blackhawks logo with non-Native imagery, which was applauded by Native American leaders.[263]
History of the Black Hawk War
[264][265]
[266] [267]
Genocide [268]
November 18: Absentee ballots begin going out
December 7: Voter registration deadline
December 14: Early in-person voting begins
January 5: Federal runoff election day
17-year-olds who turn 18 by election day are eligible to register to vote
Check to see if you are registered to vote
[271] Brad Boles
Darren Bailey https://capitolfax.com/2021/03/26/bailey-literally-laughs-off-concerns-about-disabled-voters/ Doug LaMalfa rejects the scientific consensus on climate change and denies climate change. In 2012, LaMalfa said "I think there's a lot of bad science behind what people are calling global warming" and "I'm not going to buy into what Al Gore has to say about that."[272][273] In 2018 in the midst of wildfires, LaMalfa said "“I’m not going to quibble here today about whether it’s man, or sunspot activity, or magma causing ice shelves to melt,”[274] https://readsludge.com/2019/04/30/california-climate-change-denier-has-a-progressive-house-challenger/ https://archive.thinkprogress.org/the-anti-science-climate-denier-caucus-732ec3a2a4d4/ https://grist.org/politics/doug-lamalfa-is-the-archetypal-climate-denying-idio/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvkFXsQcV0s&feature=youtu.be https://techsolidarity.org/resources/holcombe_interview.html https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2019/10/17/1893157/-Crazy-Stupid-Republican-of-the-Day-Doug-LaMalfa-2019-Update https://voteclimatepac.org/climate-zeros/ https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/NEPA-FINAL-What-They-Are-Saying-clean.pdf https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/congress-trump-score/doug-lamalfa/ https://quizlet.com/213826228/philosophy-025-final-exam-flash-cards/ http://redgreenandblue.org/2018/07/20/house-passes-interior-bill-poison-pill-riders-delta-tunnels-water-law/ https://bitrebels.com/lifestyle/students-urge-congressional-action-climate-change/ https://www.calitics.com/index.php/2012/09/ https://scorecard.lcv.org/moc/doug-lamalfa https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jul/31/california-wildfire-climate-change-carr-fire https://www.earthforums.com/forums/forum/environment/congress-on-climate-change/california/ https://www.theunion.com/news/local-news/rep-doug-lamalfa-opposes-iran-deal-critiques-global-warming-in-grass-valley-town-hall/ https://www.theunion.com/news/healthcare-climate-change-immigration-top-topics-at-lamalfa-town-hall/ https://www.newsreview.com/chico/lamalfa-awarded-booby-prize/content?oid=11012827 https://projects.propublica.org/politwoops/user/RepLaMalfa?page=4 https://www.cta.org/educator/posts/hot-topic
In November 2019, Senator Harris called for an investigation into the death of Roxsana Hernández, an immigrant and transgender woman who died in ICE custody.[275][276]
In 2014, Attorney General Kamala Harris co-sponsored legislation to ban the gay and trans panic defense in court, which passed and California became the first state with such legislation.[277]
During the CNN LGBTQ forum during her Presidential primary campaign in 2019, Kamala Harris drew attention to the epidemic of hate violence against Black trans women (at the time 20 killed that year), noting that race compounds with being transgender and that LGBTQ people of color are doubly exposed to discrimination, also noting its impact on Black, Latinx, undocumented trans people. She also referred to the transgender community as among the most vulnerable in the nation adding, "when I say vulnerable I do not mean that you are not strong, I say because we know that certain populations are more vulnerable to hate based on other people's prejudice and racism"[278]
When I look at the fact that there were 19 Black transgender women already this year who have been killed. Twenty, twenty, excuse me. When I look at the fact when you compound race with being transgender you are doubly exposed and if you are Latina or Latino and an undocumented immigrant or you are in the system in any way and so I fist say all this to say I have a long-standing--decades long connection to this issue and as President of the United States I promise you that I will put all resources and priority into ensuring that all people are safe with a particular understanding of some of the most vulnerable communities and when I say vulnerable I do not mean that you are not strong, I say because we know that certain populations are more vulnerable to hate based on other people's hate and racism and hateful thoughts and we as a society must acknowledge the truth of that and then make sure we create safe communities in which they can exist.
According to the US Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia, Adolf Hitler's Lebensraum was the "Manifest Destiny" for Germany's romanticization and imperial conquest of Eastern Europe. Hitler compared Nazi expansion to American expansion westward, saying, “there's only one duty: to Germanize this country [Russia] by the immigration of Germans and to look upon the natives as Redskins.”[279]
The American Indian Center of Chicago supports changing the Chicago Blackhawks' mascot. In 2010, Joe Podlasek, the executive director of AICChicago stated that, "The stance is very clear. We want the Chicago Blackhawks logo to change. For us, that's one of our grandfathers. Would you do that with your grandfather's picture? Take it and throw it on a rug? Walk on it and dance on it?"[280]
In 2019, the American Indian Center of Chicago ended all ties to the Chicago Blackhawks Foundation and released a statement saying
The AIC had previously held a relationship with the Chicago Blackhawks Foundation with the intention of educating the general public about American Indians and the use of logos and mascots. The AIC, along with members of the community have since decided to end this relationship.
In 2019, the American Indian Center of Chicago ended all ties to the Chicago Blackhawks Foundation, stating they will no longer affiliate "with organizations that perpetuate stereotypes through the use of "Indian" mascots." The AIC noted in its statement that they previously held a relationship with the Chicago Blackhawks Foundation with the "intention of educating the general public about American Indians and the use of logos and mascots. The AIC, along with members of the community have since decided to end this relationship" and stated that "going forward, AIC will have no professional ties with the Blackhawks, or any other organization that perpetuates harmful stereotypes."[283][284]
In July 2020, after the Washington Redskins announced they were retiring their name and the Cleveland Indians signaled a name change would be likely, the Blackhawks confirmed that they would continue using their team name and logo.[285]
The National Congress of American Indians and over 1,500 national Native organizations and advocates have signed a letter calling for a ban on all Native imagery, names, mascots, terms, redface, arrows, feathers, and appropriation of Native culture in sports. The petition included over 100 Native-led organizations, as well as tribal leaders and members of over 150 federally recognized tribes, reflecting a consensus among Native Americans that Native mascots are harmful.[286][287]
For your consideration[288]
Museum link [289]
Chief of Cherokee Nation: Jeep is wrong to use our name https://www.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/22/cherokee-nation-chief-jeep-stop-using-cherokee-name-orig.cnn-business
Sent from my iPhone
https://www.teenvogue.com/story/native-youth-need-safe-spaces
65000 [290]
| State or Territory | Sexual Orientation Employment Discrimination Protections | Gender Identity Employment Discrimination Protections |
|---|---|---|
 Alabama
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Alaska
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Arizona
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Arkansas
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 California
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Florida
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Georgia
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Illinois
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Michigan
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 New Jersey
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 New York
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Ohio
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Pennsylvania
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Texas
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 North Carolina
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Massachusetts
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Indiana
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Virginia
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Missouri
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Washington
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Maryland
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Oregon
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Kentucky
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Tennessee
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Colorado
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Wisconsin
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Minnesota
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Louisiana
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 South Carolina
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Oklahoma
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Nevada
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Kansas
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Connecticut
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Iowa
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Mississippi
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Utah
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Hawaii
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Maine
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 District of Columbia
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 New Mexico
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 West Virginia
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Nebraska
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 New Hampshire
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Rhode Island
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Idaho
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 South Dakota
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Delaware
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Vermont
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Montana
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 North Dakota
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
 Wyoming
|
Protections for all employment[291] | Protections for all employment[291] |
Donald Trump is opposed to LGBT rights. Donald Trump has used the Presidency to roll back LGBT rights and has appointed anti-LGBTQ officials. Donald Trump opposes the Equality Act,[292] which has been one of the highest priorities of LGBTQ rights groups since marriage equality was enacted by the Supreme Court.[293] Donald Trump opposed the legalization of same-sex marriage[294] and pledged to appoint anti-LGBTQ Justices to the Supreme Court.[295] Donald Trump banned transgender people from serving in the military.[296] His administration has attempted to redefine the legal definition of gender in an attempt to erase transgender people and undermine nondiscrimination protections for transgender, non-binary, and intersex people.[297] His administration has argued before the Supreme Court that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 does not protect gay or transgender Americans from discrimination.[298][299] His Cabinet has rolled back regulations allowing homeless shelters to discriminate against homeless transgender youth.[300] His Education Secretary, Betsy DeVos has rolled back protections for LGBTQ students.[301] The Trump Administration has sought to protect discrimination in health care.[302] All LGBTQ references were removed from the White House, Department of State and Department of Labor websites minutes after the day he took office.[303] Donald Trump has banned LGBTQ refugees from entering the country fleeing from discrimination.[304] President Trump was the first President to speak at the Voter Values Summit, hosted by anti-LGBTQ hate group Family Research Council.[305]
 Y
|
Presently codified in U.S. federal law |
 N
|
Not presently codified in U.S. federal law |
|
Present status unknown or ambiguous |
| LGBT Right | On the basis of gender identity or expression | On the basis of sexual orientation |
|---|---|---|
| Asylum | Y[306]
|
Y (Since 1989)[307]
|
| Automatic co-parent recognition |
|
|
| Cohabitation laws |
|
|
| Education protections | Y[308]
|
Y[308]
|
| Employment protections (federal
government employees) |
Y (Since July 21, 2014)[309]
|
Y (Since May 28, 1998)[310]
|
| Employment protections (other employees) | Y (Since June 15, 2020)[311]
|
Y (Since June 15, 2020)
|
| Federal contractor employment protections | Y (Since July 21, 2014)[309]
|
Y (Since July 21, 2014)[309]
|
| Hate crime law | Y (Since October 28, 2009)[312]
|
Y (Since October 28, 2009)[312]
|
| Health protections |
|
Y (Since May 18, 2016)[313][314]
|
| Joint adoption | Y
|
Y (Since May 3, 2016)[315]
|
| Medically assisted insemination for singles |
|
|
| Medically assisted insemination for couples |
|
|
| Military service | N (since April 12, 2019)[316]
|
Y (Since September 20, 2011)[317]
|
| No laws limiting freedom of expression | Y (Since December 26, 2013)[318]
|
Y
|
| Policy tackling hatred | Y (Since September 13, 1994)[319]
|
Y (Since October 28, 2009)[312]
|
| Prohibition on conversion therapy for minors | N
|
N
|
| Public accommodation protections | N
|
N
|
| Same-sex marriage | Y (Since June 26, 2015)[320]
|
Y(Since June 26, 2015)[320]
|
| Second-parent adoption | Y (Since May 3, 2016)[315]
|
Y (Since May 3, 2016)[315]
|
asylum hate crime public accomodations assisted reproductive technology
This is simplified for international comparison with other Wikipedia LGBT rights articles. A Y denotes that the right exists, while a N denotes it doesn't; a Y and N in the same column means the right varies on a state-by-state basis.
| LGBT Right | Federal Protection | State Level Protection |
|---|---|---|
Same-sex sexual activity legal |
 [321]
|
|
Equal age of consent |
|
|
Anti-discrimination laws in employment |
[322]
|
|
Anti-discrimination laws in the provision of goods and services |
|
/[323]
|
Anti-discrimination laws in all other areas |
|
/
|
LGBT anti-discrimination law in health insurance |
|
|
LGBT anti-bullying law in schools and colleges |
|
/
|
LGBT anti-discrimination law in schools and colleges |
|
/
|
LGBT anti-discrimination law in hospitals |
|
|
Surrogacy legal for gay/bi male couples |
|
/
|
Same-sex marriages |
[324]
|
|
Recognition of same-sex couples |
[324]
|
|
Step-child adoption by same-sex couples |
[325]
|
|
Joint adoption by same-sex couples |
[325]
|
|
LGB individuals allowed to serve openly in the military |
[326]
|
|
Transgender individuals allowed to serve openly in the military |
(due to Directive-type Memorandum-19-004)
|
|
Right to change legal gender |
|
/ (see map)
|
Legal recognition of non-binary gender(s) |
|
/ (see link)
|
Anti-LGBT hate crimes laws |
Rarely enforced
|
/
|
Intersex minors protected from invasive surgical procedures |
|
|
Conversion therapy banned on minors |
|
/ (see map)
|
MSMs allowed to donate blood |
[327][328] (see above)
|
|
Donald Trump is opposed to DC statehood. 700,000 residents live in Washington, D.C. and do not have Congressional representation. In 2020, he indicated that if the DC statehood bill passes both houses of Congress that he would veto the admission legislation. [329]
To fulfill Constitutional requirements of having a Federal District and to provide the benefits of statehood to the 700,000+ residents of D.C., in the proposed State of Washington, D.C., boundaries would be delineated between the State of Washington, D.C. and a much smaller federal seat of government. This would ensure federal control of federal buildings. The National Mall, the White House, the national memorials, Cabinet buildings, judicial buildings, legislative buildings, and other government-related buildings, etc. would be housed within the much smaller federal seat of government. All residences in the State of Washington, D.C. would reside outside the seat of federal government, except for the White House. The proposed boundaries are based on precedents created through the 1902 McMillan Plan with a few modifications. The rest of the boundaries would remain the same.[330][331][332]
To deal with Constitutional concerns and to ensure the Federal Government In the proposed State of Washington, D.C., boundaries would be delineated between the federal seat of government and the State of Washington, D.C. The National Mall, the White House, the national memorials, Cabinet buildings, judicial buildings, legislative buildings, and other government-related buildings, etc. would be housed within the federal seat of government. All residences in the State of Washington, D.C. would reside outside the seat of federal government, except for the White House. The proposed boundaries are based on precedents created through the 1902 McMillan Plan with a few modifications. The rest of the boundaries would remain the same.[333][334][335]
In the proposed State of Washington, D.C., boundaries would be delineated between the federal seat of government and the State of Washington, D.C. The National Mall, the White House, the national memorials, Cabinet buildings, judicial buildings, legislative buildings, and other government-related buildings, etc. would be housed within the federal seat of government. All residences in the State of Washington, D.C. would reside outside the seat of federal government, except for the White House. The proposed boundaries are based on precedents created through the 1902 McMillan Plan with a few modifications. The rest of the boundaries would remain the same.[336][337][338] DC Statehood advocates contend that Article 1, Section 8, Clause 17 of the US Constitution sets a maximum size for the Constitutionally-required Federal District, but does not contain a minimum size. Statehood advocates also cite precedent that the Federal District's size has been reduced by Congress before in 18XX
Chiba January 2019
Edogawa April 2019
Amagasaki January 2020
Hamamatsu April 2020
Niigata April 2020
Koga April 2020
Nara April 2020
Kijo April 2020
Minato April 2020
Bunkyo April 2020
Koganei****** October 2020
Fujisawa typo? April 2021
Nagaokakyo*** June 2021
The following 102 municipalities and three prefectures have established a partnership oath system, comprising about 38% of the Japanese population. In 17 further jurisdictions, such policies have yet to take effect.
Shibuya, Tokyo (2015)
Setagaya, Tokyo (2015)
Iga, Mie (2016)
Takarazuka, Hyōgo (2016)
Naha, Okinawa (2016)
Sapporo, Hokkaido (2017)
Fukuoka, Fukuoka (2018)
Osaka, Osaka (2018)
Nakano, Tokyo (2018)
Ōizumi, Gunma (2019)
Chiba, Chiba (2019)
Edogawa, Tokyo (2019)
Fuchū, Tokyo (2019)
Hirakata, Osaka (2019)
Kumamoto, Kumamoto (2019)
Odawara, Kanagawa (2019)
Sakai, Osaka (2019)
Sōja, Okayama (2019)
Toshima, Tokyo (2019)
Yokosuka, Kanagawa (2019)
Kanuma, Tochigi (2019)
Miyazaki, Miyazaki (2019)
Kitakyushu, Fukuoka (2019)
Nishio, Aichi (2019)
Nagasaki, Nagasaki (2019)
Sanda, Hyōgo (2019)
Katano, Osaka (2019)
Yokohama, Kanagawa (2019)
Daitō, Osaka (2019)
Kamakura, Kanagawa (2019)
Mitoyo, Kagawa (2020)
Amagasaki, Hyōgo (2020)
Bunkyō, Tokyo (2020)
Hamamatsu, Shizuoka (2020)
Kijō, Miyazaki (2020)
Koga, Fukuoka (2020)
Minato, Tokyo (2020)
Nara, Nara (2020)
Niigata, Niigata (2020)
Sagamihara, Kanagawa (2020)
Saitama, Saitama (2020)
Takamatsu, Kagawa (2020)
Tokushima, Tokushima (2020)
Yamatokōriyama, Nara (2020)
Zushi, Kanagawa (2020)
Kawagoe, Saitama (2020)
Toyoake, Aichi (2020)
Itami, Hyōgo (2020)
Ashiya, Hyōgo (2020)
Hayama, Kanagawa (2020)
Inabe, Mie (2020)
Kawasaki, Kanagawa (2020)
Okayama, Okayama (2020)
Tondabayashi, Osaka (2020)
Kawanishi, Hyōgo (2020)
Kaizuka, Osaka (2020)
Kyoto, Kyoto (2020)
Sakado, Saitama (2020)
Koganei, Tokyo (2020)
Kitamoto, Saitama (2020)
Matsudo, Chiba (2020)
Tochigi, Tochigi (2020)
Kokubunji, Tokyo (2020)
Kōnosu, Saitama (2020)
Hirosaki, Aomori (2020)
Shibukawa, Gunma (2020)
Higashikagawa, Kagawa (2021)
Miura, Kanagawa (2021)
Yoshinogawa, Tokushima (2021)
Hiroshima, Hiroshima (2021)
Akashi, Hyōgo (2021)
Kōchi, Kōchi (2021)
Okegawa, Saitama (2021)
Kameoka, Kyoto (2021)
Ina, Saitama (2021)
Ageo, Saitama (2021)
Adachi, Tokyo (2021)
Annaka, Gunma (2021)
Chigasaki, Kanagawa (2021)
Fuji, Shizuoka (2021)
Fujisawa, Kanagawa (2021)
Gyōda, Saitama (2021)
Honjō, Saitama (2021)
Ibusuki, Kagoshima (2021)
Ikoma, Nara (2021)
Inagawa, Hyōgo (2021)
Kitajima, Tokushima (2021)
Koshigaya, Saitama (2021)
Kunitachi, Tokyo (2021)
Matsumoto, Nagano (2021)
Miyoshi, Saitama (2021)
Nichinan, Miyazaki (2021)
Nishinomiya, Hyōgo (2021)
Shōdoshima, Kagawa (2021)
Tadotsu, Kagawa (2021)
Tenri, Nara (2021)
Tonoshō, Kagawa (2021)
Toyohashi, Aichi (2021)
Usuki, Ōita (2021)
Yamato, Kanagawa (2021)
Nobeoka, Miyazaki (2021)
Urayasu, Chiba (2021)
Minamiashigara, Kanagawa (1 July 2021)[339]
Ōi, Kanagawa (1 July 2021)[339]
Mie Prefecture (September 2021)[340]
Ube, Yamaguchi (September 2021)[341][342]
Fujimi, Saitama (2021)
Hakusan, Ishikawa (2021)
Higashimatsuyama, Saitama (2021)
Himeji, Hyōgo (2021)[343]
Kagoshima, Kagoshima (2021)[344]
Kanazawa, Ishikawa (2021)[345][346]
Kuki, Saitama (2021)
Nagaokakyō, Kyoto (2021)[347]
Nagoya, Aichi (2021)[348]
Hakodate, Hokkaido (2022)[349]
Karatsu, Saga (2022)[350]
Hida, Gifu (TBD, supposed to have been introduced in 2019)
Narashino, Chiba (TBD, supposed to have been introduced in 2020)[351]Shortcuts Same-sex marriage in Japan Same-sex union legislation
| State/Territory | Country | Date | Same-sex union | Upper House | Lower house | Head of State | Law enacted? | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | Yes | No | ||||||
| Shibuya, Tokyo
|
 Japan
|
March 2015 | Partnership certificate[352] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Setagaya, Tokyo
|
Japan
|
July 2015 | Partnership certificate[353] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Takarazuka, Hyōgo
|
Japan
|
November 2015 | Partnership certificate[354] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Iga, Mie
|
Japan
|
December 2015 | Partnership certificate[355] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Naha, Okinawa
|
Japan
|
February 2016 | Partnership certificate[356][357] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Sapporo, Hokkaido
|
Japan
|
March 2017 | Partnership certificate[358][359][360][361] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Fukuoka, Fukuoka
|
Japan
|
February 2018 | Partnership certificate[362] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Nakano, Tokyo
|
Japan
|
May 2018 | Partnership certificate[363] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Osaka, Osaka
|
Japan
|
June 2018 | Partnership certificate[364] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Chiba, Chiba
|
Japan
|
January 2019 | Partnership certificate[365] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Toshima, Tokyo
|
Japan
|
March 2019 | Partnership certificate[366] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Edogawa, Tokyo
|
Japan
|
April 2019 | Partnership certificate[367] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Ibaraki Prefecture
|
Japan
|
June 2019 | Partnership certificate[368] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Ōizumi, Gunma
|
Japan
|
January 2019 | Partnership certificate[369] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Fuchū, Tokyo
|
Japan
|
April 2019 | Partnership certificate[370] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Hirakata, Osaka
|
Japan
|
April 2019 | Partnership certificate[371] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Kumamoto, Kumamoto
|
Japan
|
April 2019 | Partnership certificate[372] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Odawara, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2019 | Partnership certificate[373] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Sakai, Osaka
|
Japan
|
April 2019 | Partnership certificate[374] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Sōja, Okayama
|
Japan
|
April 2019 | Partnership certificate[375] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Toshima, Tokyo
|
Japan
|
April 2019 | Partnership certificate[376] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Yokosuka, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2019 | Partnership certificate[377] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Kanuma, Tochigi
|
Japan
|
June 2019 | Partnership certificate[378] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Miyazaki, Miyazaki
|
Japan
|
June 2019 | Partnership certificate[379] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Kitakyushu, Fukuoka
|
Japan
|
July 2019 | Partnership certificate[380] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Nishio, Aichi
|
Japan
|
September 2019 | Partnership certificate[381] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Nagasaki, Nagasaki
|
Japan
|
September 2019 | Partnership certificate[382] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Sanda, Hyōgo
|
Japan
|
October 2019 | Partnership certificate[383] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Katano, Osaka
|
Japan
|
November 2019 | Partnership certificate[384] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Yokohama, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
December 2019 | Partnership certificate[385] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Daitō, Osaka
|
Japan
|
December 2019 | Partnership certificate[386] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Kamakura, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
December 2019 | Partnership certificate[387] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Amagasaki, Hyōgo
|
Japan
|
January 2020 | Partnership certificate[388] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Mitoyo, Kagawa
|
Japan
|
January 2020 | Partnership certificate[389] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Bunkyō, Tokyo
|
Japan
|
April 2020 | Partnership certificate[390] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Hamamatsu, Shizuoka
|
Japan
|
April 2020 | Partnership certificate[391] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Kijō, Miyazaki
|
Japan
|
April 2020 | Partnership certificate[392] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Koga, Fukuoka
|
Japan
|
April 2020 | Partnership certificate[393] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Minato, Tokyo
|
Japan
|
April 2020 | Partnership certificate[394] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Nara, Nara
|
Japan
|
April 2020 | Partnership certificate[395] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Niigata, Niigata
|
Japan
|
April 2020 | Partnership certificate[396] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Saitama, Saitama
|
Japan
|
April 2020 | Partnership certificate[397] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Narashino
|
Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate cite | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Sagamihara, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2020 | Partnership certificate[398] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Hida
|
Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate cite | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Takamatsu, Kagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2020 | Partnership certificate[399] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Tokushima, Tokushima
|
Japan
|
April 2020 | Partnership certificate[400] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Yamatokōriyama, Nara
|
Japan
|
April 2020 | Partnership certificate[401] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Zushi, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2020 | Partnership certificate[402] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Kawagoe, Saitama
|
Japan
|
May 2020 | Partnership certificate[403] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Toyoake, Aichi
|
Japan
|
May 2020 | Partnership certificate[404] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Itami, Hyōgo
|
Japan
|
May 2020 | Partnership certificate[405] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Ashiya, Hyōgo
|
Japan
|
May 2020 | Partnership certificate[406] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Hayama, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
May 2020 | Partnership certificate[407] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Inabe, Mie
|
Japan
|
July 2020 | Partnership certificate[408] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Kawasaki, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
July 2020 | Partnership certificate[409] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Okayama, Okayama
|
Japan
|
July 2020 | Partnership certificate[410] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Tondabayashi, Osaka
|
Japan
|
July 2020 | Partnership certificate[411] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Kawanishi, Hyōgo
|
Japan
|
August 2020 | Partnership certificate[412] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Kaizuka, Osaka
|
Japan
|
September 2020 | Partnership certificate[413] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Kyoto, Kyoto
|
Japan
|
September 2020 | Partnership certificate[414] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Sakado, Saitama
|
Japan
|
October 2020 | Partnership certificate[415] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Koganei, Tokyo
|
Japan
|
October 2020 | Partnership certificate[416] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Kitamoto, Saitama
|
Japan
|
November 2020 | Partnership certificate[417] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Matsudo, Chiba
|
Japan
|
November 2020 | Partnership certificate[418] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Tochigi, Tochigi
|
Japan
|
November 2020 | Partnership certificate[419] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Kokubunji, Tokyo
|
Japan
|
November 2020 | Partnership certificate[420] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Kōnosu, Saitama
|
Japan
|
December 2020 | Partnership certificate[421] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Hirosaki, Aomori
|
Japan
|
December 2020 | Partnership certificate[422] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Shibukawa, Gunma
|
Japan
|
December 2020 | Partnership certificate[423] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Higashikagawa, Kagawa
|
Japan
|
January 2021 | Partnership certificate[424] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Miura, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
January 2021 | Partnership certificate[425] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Yoshinogawa, Tokushima
|
Japan
|
January 2021 | Partnership certificate[426] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Hiroshima, Hiroshima
|
Japan
|
January 2021 | Partnership certificate[427] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Akashi, Hyōgo
|
Japan
|
January 2021 | Partnership family system[428] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Kōchi, Kōchi
|
Japan
|
February 2021 | Partnership certificate[429] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Okegawa, Saitama
|
Japan
|
February 2021 | Partnership certificate[430] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Tokushima, Tokushima
|
Japan
|
February 2021 | Partnership family system[431] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Kameoka, Kyoto
|
Japan
|
March 2021 | Partnership certificate[432] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Ina, Saitama
|
Japan
|
March 2021 | Partnership certificate[433] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Ageo, Saitama
|
Japan
|
March 2021 | Partnership certificate[434] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Adachi, Tokyo
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership family system[435] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Annaka, Gunma
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[436] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Chigasaki, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[437] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Fuji, Shizuoka
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[438] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Fujisawa, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[439] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Gyōda, Saitama
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[440] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Honjō, Saitama
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[441] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Ibusuki, Kagoshima
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[442] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Ikoma, Nara
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[443] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Inagawa, Hyōgo
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[444] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Kitajima, Tokushima
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[445] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Koshigaya, Saitama
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[446] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Kunitachi, Tokyo
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[447] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Matsumoto, Nagano
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[448] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Miyoshi, Saitama
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[449] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Nichinan, Miyazaki
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[450] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Nishinomiya, Hyōgo
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[451] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Shōdoshima, Kagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[452] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Tadotsu, Kagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[453] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Tenri, Nara
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[454] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Tonoshō, Kagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[455] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Toyohashi, Aichi
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[456] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Usuki, Ōita
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[457] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Yamato, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[458] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Nobeoka, Miyazaki
|
Japan
|
April 2021 | Partnership certificate[459] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Urayasu, Chiba
|
Japan
|
May 2021 | Partnership certificate[460] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Nagaokakyō, Kyoto
|
Japan
|
June 2021 | Partnership certificate[461] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Toyota, Aichi
|
Japan
|
July 2021 | Partnership certificate[462] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Saga Prefecture
|
Japan
|
August 2021 | Partnership certificate[463] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Mie Prefecture
|
Japan
|
September 2021 | Partnership certificate[464] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Miyoshi, Tokushima
|
Japan
|
September 2021 | Partnership certificate[465] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Iruma, Saitama
|
Japan
|
September 2021 | Partnership certificate[466] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Nikkō, Tochigi
|
Japan
|
September 2021 | Partnership certificate[467] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Shintomi, Miyazaka
|
Japan
|
September 2021 | Partnership certificate[468] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Ube, Yamaguchi
|
Japan
|
September 2021 | Partnership certificate[469] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Akitakata, Hiroshima
|
Japan
|
October 2021 | Partnership certificate[470] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Bizen, Okinawa
|
Japan
|
October 2021 | Partnership certificate[471] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Hikone, Shiga
|
Japan
|
October 2021 | Partnership certificate[472] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Karatsu, Saga
|
Japan
|
October 2021 | Partnership certificate[473] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Kawajima, Saitama
|
Japan
|
October 2021 | Partnership certificate[474] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Kuki, Saitama
|
Japan
|
October 2021 | Partnership certificate[475] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Matsuda, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
October 2021 | Partnership certificate[476] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Moroyama, Saitama
|
Japan
|
October 2021 | Partnership certificate[477] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Ōzu, Kumamoto
|
Japan
|
October 2021 | Partnership certificate[478] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Urasoe, Okinawa
|
Japan
|
October 2021 | Partnership certificate[479] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Mukō, Kyoto
|
Japan
|
October 2021 | Partnership certificate[480] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Sayama, Saitama
|
Japan
|
October 2021 | Partnership certificate[481] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Ebino, Miyazaki
|
Japan
|
December 2021 | Partnership certificate[482] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Kōshū, Yamanashi
|
Japan
|
December 2021 | Partnership certificate[483] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Kurashiki, Okayama
|
Japan
|
December 2021 | Partnership certificate[484] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Maniwa, Okayama
|
Japan
|
December 2021 | Partnership certificate[485] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Tokigawa, Saitama
|
Japan
|
December 2021 | Partnership certificate[486] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Zentsūji, Kagawa
|
Japan
|
December 2021 | Partnership certificate[487] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Hakusan, Ishikawa
|
Japan
|
December 2021 | Partnership certificate[488] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Funabashi, Chiba
|
Japan
|
December 2021 | Partnership certificate[489] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Sōka, Saitama
|
Japan
|
December 2021 | Partnership certificate[490] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Hannō, Saitama
|
Japan
|
January 2022 | Partnership certificate[491] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Hidaka, Saittama
|
Japan
|
January 2021 | Partnership certificate[492] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Kagoshima, Kagoshima
|
Japan
|
January 2022 | Partnership certificate[493] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Mihara, Hiroshima
|
Japan
|
January 2022 | Partnership certificate[494] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Gamagōri, Aichi
|
Japan
|
January 2022 | Partnership certificate[495] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Ayase, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
February 2022 | Partnership certificate[496] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Ichikawa, Chiba
|
Japan
|
February 2022 | Partnership certificate[497] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Samukawa, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
February 2022 | Partnership certificate[498] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Tama, Tokyo
|
Japan
|
February 2022 | Partnership certificate[499] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Yoshikawa, Saitama
|
Japan
|
February 2022 | Partnership certificate[500] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Aomori Prefecture
|
Japan
|
February 2022 | Partnership certificate[501] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Ebetsu, Hokkaido
|
Japan
|
March 2022 | Partnership certificate[502] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Mima, Tokushima
|
Japan
|
March 2022 | Partnership certificate[503] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Fukaya, Saitama
|
Japan
|
March 2022 | Partnership certificate[504] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Akita Prefecture
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[505] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Fukuoka Prefecture
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[506] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Aikawa, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[507] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Akita, Akita
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[508] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Anan, Tokushima
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[509] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Atsugi, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[510] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Ayagawa, Kagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[511] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Bungo-Ōno, Ōita
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[512] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Ebina, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[513] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Fuchū, Hiroshima
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[514] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Fujimi, Saitama
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[515] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Fukuchiyama, Kyoto
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[516] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Fukutsu, Fukuoka
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[517] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Hakodate, Hokkaido
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[518] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Hatoyama, Saitama
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[519] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[520] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Himeji, Hyōgo
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[521] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Hiratsuka, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[522] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Kadogawa, Miyazaki
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[523] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Kaisei, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[524] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Kamikawa, Saitama
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[525] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Kamisato, Saitama
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[526] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Kan'onji, Kagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[527] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Kasaoka, Okayama
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[528] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Kasuya, Fukuoka
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[529] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Kita, Tokyo
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[530] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Kitami, Hokkaido
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[531] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Komagane, Nagano
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[532] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Kosai, Shizuoka
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[533] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Kotohira, Kagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[534] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Kumagaya, Saitama
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[535] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Mannō, Kagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[536] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Misato-machi, Saitama
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[537] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Miyashiro, Saitama
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[538] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Musashino, Tokyo
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[539] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Nakai, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[540] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Ninomiya, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[541] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Nogi, Tochigi
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[542] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Ōiso, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[543] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Okazaki, Aichi
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[544] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Saito, Miyazaki
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[545] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Sanuki, Kagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[546] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Seki, Gifu
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[547] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Shinshiro, Aichi
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[548] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Shizuoka, Shizuoka
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[549] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Tahara, Aichi
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[550] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Takahama, Aichi
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[551] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Taketa, Ōita
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[552] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Tatsuno, Hyōgo
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[553] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Utazu, Kagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[554] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Yamakita, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[555] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Yashio, Saitama
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[556] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Yokoze, Saitama
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[557] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Yoshimi, Saitama
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[558] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Yoshioka, Gunma
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[559] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Arakawa, Tokyo
|
Japan
|
April 2022 | Partnership certificate[560] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Kasugai, Aichi
|
Japan
|
May 2022 | Partnership certificate[561] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Hyūga, Miyazaki
|
Japan
|
June 2022 | Partnership certificate[562] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Narashino, Chiba
|
Japan
|
June 2022 | Partnership certificate[563] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Naruto, Tokushima
|
Japan
|
June 2022 | Partnership certificate[564] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Sakaide, Kagawa
|
Japan
|
June 2022 | Partnership certificate[565] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Tosashimizu, Kōchi
|
Japan
|
June 2022 | Partnership certificate[566] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Fujimino, Saitama
|
Japan
|
July 2022 | Partnership certificate[567] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Ibaraki, Osaka
|
Japan
|
July 2022 | Partnership certificate[568] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Kiyokawa, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
July 2022 | Partnership certificate[569] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Sakaiminato, Tottori
|
Japan
|
July 2022 | Partnership certificate[570] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Toyokawa, Aichi
|
Japan
|
July 2022 | Partnership certificate[571] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Kikuchi, Kumamoto
|
Japan
|
July 2022 | Partnership certificate[572] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Tochigi Prefecture
|
Japan
|
September 2022 | Partnership certificate[573] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Ichinomiya, Aichi
|
Japan
|
September 2022 | Partnership certificate[574] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Miki, Kagawa
|
Japan
|
September 2022 | Partnership certificate[575] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Misato, Saitama
|
Japan
|
September 2022 | Partnership certificate[576] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Sanjō, Niigata
|
Japan
|
September 2022 | Partnership certificate[577] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Sano, Tochigi
|
Japan
|
September 2022 | Partnership certificate[578] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Echizen, Fukui
|
Japan
|
October 2022 | Partnership certificate[579] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Hashimoto, Wakayama
|
Japan
|
October 2022 | Partnership certificate[580] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Kaita, Hiroshima
|
Japan
|
October 2022 | Partnership certificate[581] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Kuroshio, Kōchi
|
Japan
|
October 2022 | Partnership certificate[582] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Nasushiobara, Tochigi
|
Japan
|
October 2022 | Partnership certificate[583] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Ōtawara, Tochigi
|
Japan
|
October 2022 | Partnership certificate[584] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Setouchi, Okayama
|
Japan
|
October 2022 | Partnership certificate[585] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Zama, Kanagawa
|
Japan
|
October 2022 | Partnership certificate[586] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Toda, Saitama
|
Japan
|
October 2022 | Partnership certificate[587] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Ikeda, Osaka
|
Japan
|
November 2022 | Partnership certificate[588] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
 Tokyo Metropolis
|
Japan
|
November 2022 | Partnership certificate[589] | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| ||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
| Japan
|
time | Partnership certificate | — | Passed | Signed | Yes
| |||
}
Sally Ride was the first American woman in space (and the third woman astronaut overall) and is the first known LGBTQ astronaut.[590] She was selected to be an astronaut in 1978 in NASA Astronaut Group 8, the first class of astronauts that included women.[591] She first flew to space as an astronaut on June 18, 1983 on the Space Shuttle Challenger as part of the STS-7 mission.[592] The mission included launching satellites.[593] Ride operated the robotic arm to launch and retrieve the Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS-1) and was the first woman to operate the robotic arm.[594] The mission duration was 6 days, 2 hours, 23 minutes, and 59 seconds.[595] 97 orbits were completed.[596] She returned to space again on the Space Shuttle Challenger as part of the STS-41-G mission on October 5, 1984.[597] Multiple satellites were launched in this mission.[598] The mission duration was 8 days, 5 hours, 23 minutes, and 33 seconds.[599] 133 orbits were completed.[600] Her third scheduled spaceflight was to be STS-61-M, but this was cancelled due to the Challenger explosion.[601] Ride was not on the Space Shuttle Challenger when it exploded in 1986, but served on the Rogers Commission to investigate the incident.[602] She also served on the Columbia Accident Investigation Board[603]
Sally Ride married astronaut Steve Hawley in 1982 and divorced in 1987.[594] It was revealed in her obituary after passing away in 2012 from pancreatic cancer that her partner of 27 years was Tam O'Shaughnessy.[603] Ride and O'Shaughnessy co-founded Sally Ride Science, an organization created to inspire young people, especially girls in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM).[604]
Wendy B. Lawrence was selected to be an astronaut in 1992 in NASA Astronaut Group 14.[605] She first flew to space from March 2-18, 1995 in the STS-67 Endeavor. In all four missions she flew, she served as a mission specialist. The mission involved studying ultraviolet radiation coming from hot stars and distant galaxies. The mission duration was 16 days, 15 hours, and 8 minutes[606] and 262 orbits were completed.[607] Her second flight was on the STS-86 Atlantis from September 25-October 6, 1997.[608] The Space Shuttle Atlantis docked at the Russian Mir space station, exchanged cargo and had an astronaut exchange.[609] Lawrence was assigned to replace C. Michael Foale after a health issue was discovered, however, the space suit for Russian space walks did not fit her, so her backup David A. Wolf took his place.[610][611] The mission duration was 10 days, 19 hours, and 20 minutes and 169 orbits were completed.[606] Her third flight was on the STS-91 Discovery from June 2-12, 1998. The STS-91 was the ninth and final Shuttle docking with Mir and the only docking from Discovery. The mission duration was 9 days, 19 hours, and 14 minutes, finishing 154 complete orbits, landing on orbit 155.[612][606] Her fourth and final flight was on the STS-114 Discovery. The STS-114 was the first spaceflight after the Columbia disaster and was deemed the "Return to Flight" mission.[613] The Discovery docked at the International Space Station and exchanged 11,000 pounds of cargo. The mission duration was 13 days, 21 hours, and 32 minutes; 219 orbits were completed.[606][614] She retired in 2006.[615]
Lawrence publicly came out while receiving the 2019 United States Naval Academy Distinguished Graduate Award. A video referencing her accomplishments said "Wendy is married to Cathy, and they live in Washington State.” Her spouse, Cathy Watson, was in the audience and in her thank you speech, she added “I want to acknowledge my spouse Cathy.”[615][616]
Anne McClain was selected to be an Astronaut by NASA in 2013 as part of NASA Astronaut Group 21.[617] She first flew to space aboard the Soyuz MS-11 as part of Expedition 58/59 on December 3, 2018, docking at the International Space Station. She served as flight engineer on both expeditions. The Expedition 59 crew completed experiments involving biotechnology, biology, earth science, physical science, recycling 3D-printed materials, and editing DNA in space for the first time.[617] She performed two EVA's (Extravehicular activity, or "spacewalks"). McClain's first EVA was on March 22, 2019 with Nick Hague replacing nickle-hydrogen batteries with lithium-ion batteries for the station's solar arrays. The spacewalk also cleared debris, securing tiebacks for the solar array blanket box, and stowed tools for the flex hose rotary coupler. The spacewalk was 6 hours and 39 minutes.[618] McClain was scheduled for another EVA with Christina Koch which would have been the first all-female spacewalk, but McClain was reassigned due to space suit sizing issues.[619] McClain's second EVA was with David Saint-Jacques and entailed relocating an adapter plate and replacing batteries. McClain's second spacewalk also included routing cables to establish a redundant path of power supply. The cables would expand the wireless communication outside the ISS complex and would enhance hardwired computer capabilities. McClain's second spacewalk had a duration of 6 hours and 30 minutes.[620] McClain spent 203 days, 15 hours, and 16 minutes in space with a total of 3,264 orbits completed.[621]
McClain married Summer Worden in 2014. McClain is step-mother to Worden's son. Worden filed for divorce in 2018 and the divorce was finalized in 2020.[622] On August 23, 2019, The New York Times reported that Worden filed a complaint against McClain at the Federal Trade Commission accusing her of illegally accessing financial information while she was working at the International Space Station.[623] This outed McClain making her the third known LGBTQ astronaut.[624] The claims were later found to be false and McClain was cleared.[623][625] On April 7, 2020, Worden received a two-count federal indictment from a federal grand jury on charges of making false statements to federal investigators and is currently awaiting trial.[626]
As of 2022, there have been at least three known LGBTQ astronauts, Sally Ride,[627] Wendy B. Lawrence,[628] and Anne McClain,[629] all three from the United States.
| Image | Name Birth date |
Country | Comment | Missions (Launch date) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sally Ride | United States
|
|||
| Wendy B. Lawrence | United States
|
|||
| Anne McClain | United States
|
Sally Ride was the first American woman in space (and the third woman astronaut overall) and is the first known LGBTQ astronaut.[630] She was selected to be an astronaut in 1978 in NASA Astronaut Group 8, the first class of astronauts that included women.[631] She first flew to space as an astronaut on June 18, 1983 on the Space Shuttle Challenger as part of the STS-7 mission.[632] The mission included launching satellites.[633] Ride operated the robotic arm to launch and retrieve the Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS-1) and was the first woman to operate the robotic arm.[634] The mission duration was 6 days, 2 hours, 23 minutes, and 59 seconds.[635] 97 orbits were completed.[636] She returned to space again on the Space Shuttle Challenger as part of the STS-41-G mission on October 5, 1984.[637] Multiple satellites were launched in this mission.[638] The mission duration was 8 days, 5 hours, 23 minutes, and 33 seconds.[639] 133 orbits were completed.[640] Her third scheduled spaceflight was to be STS-61-M, but this was cancelled due to the Challenger explosion.[641] Ride was not on the Space Shuttle Challenger when it exploded in 1986, but served on the Rogers Commission to investigate the incident.[642] She also served on the Columbia Accident Investigation Board[643]
Ride was very private about her personal life. Sally Ride married astronaut Steve Hawley in 1982 and divorced in 1987.[644] It was revealed in her obituary after passing away in 2012 from pancreatic cancer that her partner of 27 years was Tam O'Shaughnessy.[645] Ride and O'Shaughnessy co-founded Sally Ride Science, an organization created to inspire young people, especially girls in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM).[646] Ride's sister, Bear Ride, also openly gay (and much more open) wrote in regard to her sister's orientation, "Sally didn't use labels. Sally had a very fundamental sense of privacy, it was just her nature, because we're Norwegians, through and through." Ride also did not share her cancer diagnosis publicly until her death.[647] "Most people did not know that Sally had a wonderfully loving relationship with Tam O'Shaughnessy for 27 years. Sally never hid her relationship with Tam. They were partners, business partners in Sally Ride Science, they wrote books together, and Sally's very close friends, of course, knew of their love for each other. We consider Tam a member of our family." "I hope the pancreatic cancer community is going to be absolutely thrilled that there's now this advocate that they didn't know about. And, I hope the GLBT community feels the same. I hope it makes it easier for kids growing up gay that they know that another one of their heroes was like them."[648] O'Shaughnessy said, “Sally didn’t want to be defined by the lesbian/gay label just as she didn’t want to be defined by a gender label,” “We both didn’t like categories, didn’t want to define ourselves by our sexuality.”[649] It was once revealed part of why they did not come out as they were concerned about losing sponsorships with Sally Ride Science or potential boycotts of the organization's science outreach to children by conservative parents.[650] Near the end of Ride's life, O'Shaughnessy asked Ride how much to share about their relationship at her celebration of life. Ride said, “I want you to decide. Whatever you want to say, how much you want to say, is fine with me.” Later, she added, “Being open about us might be very hard on NASA and the astronaut corps. But I’m OK with that. Whatever you think is right is fine with me.” Ride passed away a few days later and did not see the obituary Tam O'Shaughnessy wrote of her.[651] O’Shaughnessy said that though the decision was difficult, she said that coming out『was amazing … it was just so freeing.』[652] Sally Ride was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and her life partner Tam O’Shaughnessy accepted the medal for her.[653]
Wendy B. Lawrence was selected to be an astronaut in 1992 in NASA Astronaut Group 14.[654] She first flew to space from March 2-18, 1995 in the STS-67 Endeavor. In all four missions she flew, she served as a mission specialist. The mission involved studying ultraviolet radiation coming from hot stars and distant galaxies. The mission duration was 16 days, 15 hours, and 8 minutes[655] and 262 orbits were completed.[656] Her second flight was on the STS-86 Atlantis from September 25-October 6, 1997.[657] The Space Shuttle Atlantis docked at the Russian Mir space station, exchanged cargo and had an astronaut exchange.[658] Lawrence was assigned to replace C. Michael Foale after a health issue was discovered, however, the space suit for Russian space walks did not fit her, so her backup David A. Wolf took his place.[659][660] The mission duration was 10 days, 19 hours, and 20 minutes and 169 orbits were completed.[661] Her third flight was on the STS-91 Discovery from June 2-12, 1998. The STS-91 was the ninth and final Shuttle docking with Mir and the only docking from Discovery. The mission duration was 9 days, 19 hours, and 14 minutes, finishing 154 complete orbits, landing on orbit 155.[662][663] Her fourth and final flight was on the STS-114 Discovery. The STS-114 was the first spaceflight after the Columbia disaster and was deemed the "Return to Flight" mission.[664] The Discovery docked at the International Space Station and exchanged 11,000 pounds of cargo. The mission duration was 13 days, 21 hours, and 32 minutes; 219 orbits were completed.[665][666] She retired in 2006.[667]
Lawrence publicly came out in December 2018 while receiving the United States Naval Academy Distinguished Graduate Award. A video referencing her accomplishments said "Wendy is married to Cathy, and they live in Washington State.” Her spouse was in the audience and in her thank you speech, she added “I want to acknowledge my spouse Cathy.”[668][669]
Anne McClain was selected to be an Astronaut by NASA in 2013 as part of NASA Astronaut Group 21.[670] She first flew to space aboard the Soyuz MS-11 as part of Expedition 58/59 on December 3, 2018, docking at the International Space Station. She served as flight engineer on both expeditions. The Expedition 59 crew completed experiments involving biotechnology, biology, earth science, physical science, recycling 3D-printed materials, and editing DNA in space for the first time.[671] She performed two EVA's (Extravehicular activity, or "spacewalks"). McClain's first EVA was on March 22, 2019 with Nick Hague replacing nickle-hydrogen batteries with lithium-ion batteries for the station's solar arrays. The spacewalk also cleared debris, securing tiebacks for the solar array blanket box, and stowed tools for the flex hose rotary coupler. The spacewalk was 6 hours and 39 minutes.[672] McClain was scheduled for another EVA with Christina Koch which would have been the first all-female spacewalk, but McClain was reassigned due to space suit sizing issues.[673] McClain's second EVA was with David Saint-Jacques and entailed relocating an adapter plate and replacing batteries. McClain's second spacewalk also included routing cables to establish a redundant path of power supply. The cables would expand the wireless communication outside the ISS complex and would enhance hardwired computer capabilities. McClain's second spacewalk had a duration of 6 hours and 30 minutes.[674] McClain spent 203 days, 15 hours, and 16 minutes in space with a total of 3,264 orbits completed.[675]
McClain married Summer Worden in 2014. McClain is step-mother to Worden's son. Worden filed for divorce in 2018 and the divorce was finalized in 2020.[676] On August 23, 2019, The New York Times reported that Worden filed a complaint against McClain at the Federal Trade Commission accusing her of illegally accessing financial information while she was working at the International Space Station.[677] This outed McClain making her the third known LGBTQ astronaut.[678] The claims were later found to be false and McClain was cleared.[679][680] On April 7, 2020, Worden received a two-count federal indictment from a federal grand jury on charges of making false statements to federal investigators and is currently awaiting trial.[681]
SBD 2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).The few studies that have examined the psychological effects of suppressing puberty, as the first stage before possible future commencement of CSH therapy, have shown benefits.
Often, pubertal suppression...reduces the need for later surgery because physical changes that are otherwise irreversible (protrusion of the Adam's apple, male pattern baldness, voice change, breast growth, etc) are prevented. The available data reveal that pubertal suppression in children who identify as TGD generally leads to improved psychological functioning in adolescence and young adulthood.
Treating GD/gender-incongruent adolescents entering puberty with GnRH analogs has been shown to improve psychological functioning in several domains", "In the future, we need more rigorous evaluations of the effectiveness and safety of endocrine and surgical protocols. Specifically, endocrine treatment protocols for GD/gender incongruence should include the careful assessment of the following: (1) the effects of prolonged delay of puberty in adolescents on bone health, gonadal function, and the brain (including effects on cognitive, emotional, social, and sexual development);
auto was invoked but never defined (see the help page).{{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
https://mentalfloss.com/article/31275/5-things-you-didnt-know-about-sally-ride
https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/chrisgeidner/first-female-us-astronaut-sally-ride-comes-out
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Ride
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_8
https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/whos_who_level2/ride.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_space_travelers_by_name
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_McClain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Ride_Science
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-7
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-41-G
https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/home/index.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttle_pallet_satellite
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canceled_Space_Shuttle_missions#STS-61-M_(Challenger)
https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2019/08/lesbian-astronaut-may-committed-earths-first-space-crime/
https://thegavoice.com/news/lesbian-astronaut-anne-mcclain-cut-from-all-female-spacewalk/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_McClain
https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/anne-c-mcclain
https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/lawrence_wendy_0.pdf https://www.usna.edu/Notables/featured/03lawrence.php https://www.themarsgeneration.org/captain-wendy-lawrence/ https://www.space.com/wendy-lawrence-virtual-astronaut-series https://blogs.va.gov/VAntage/79416/veteranoftheday-navy-veteran-wendy-b-lawrence/ http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/astronauts/english/lawrence_wendy.htm https://medium.com/the-vintage-space/gay-astronauts-a-final-frontier-9892d0987fa0 https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/diversity/women-in-the-navy/making-dreams-come-true.html http://www.astronautix.com/l/lawrence.html https://spacecenter.org/celebrating-pride-month-highlighting-diversity-inclusion/ https://www.usna.com/events-and-programs---dga19-bio-lawrence
The Chicago Sun-Times argued that the best way to thank essential workers in a pandemic is to pass the Fair Tax, noting how many storeclerks, bartenders, baristas, cab drivers, office cleaners, daycare workers, and restaurant workers have lost their jobs, and noting that others risk their lives going to work. The Sun-Times said that an extra dollar in the hands of a working person is worth more than it does for multi-millionaires. The Sun-Times also said the Fair Tax would help police officers, fire fighters, mail carriers, ambulance drivers, and train conductors.[1]
possible poll [2]
The amendment itself would remove the requirement that income be taxed at a flat rate. Separate legislation, which would go into effect if the amendment passes, specifies the actual tax rates. The legislature would be free to change those rates in the future without voter approval.
Under the rates approved by the General Assembly, taxes would be lowered to 4.75 percent on taxable income from $0 to $10,000 for single and joint filers. Between $10,001 to $100,000 the rate for both single and joint filers would fall to 4.9%. The rate would remain 4.95 percent for income between $100,001 to $250,000 for both single and joint filers.[3]
Tax rates would only increase for income above $250,000. For single filers, the rate for income between $250,000 and $350,000 would be 7.75% and 7.85% for income between $350,000 and $750,000. Joint filers would have a 7.75% rate on income between $250,000 and $500,000 and 7.85% on income between $500,000 and $1 million. Income for single filers making over $750,000 and joint filers making over $1 million would be taxed at $7.99%.[4]
The bill also includes an increase in the property tax credit from 5 percent to 6 percent, and up to a $100 per-child tax credit for couples earning less than $100,000 and single persons earning less than $80,000. [5]
It has been noted that 97% of Illinois wage earners make $250,000 or less and would pay the same or less taxes under the Fair Tax proposals.[6]
For single filers, tax rates are the same as joint filers up to $250,000; but the 7.75 percent rate applies from $250,001 to only $350,000, while the 7.85 percent rate applies from $350,001 to $750,000.
For the rest of the brackets, each varying tax rate would apply to only one specific margin of income.
In January 2014, the non-partisan business group Civic Federation of Chicago's assessment of the Governor's budget projections estimated that the prescribed cut in income tax would yield decreased revenues of $1.4 billion in FY15 growing to $2.7 billion in FY16.[7] In its own analysis, the federation projected that the loss of revenue "would dramatically destabilize Illinois' already weak financial condition." They argued that the loss of revenue would be bad for Illinois' businesses, due in part to the fact that the state still owed many private businesses money.[8]
While Gov. Quinn had proposed extending the 5 percent flat tax indefinitely, other groups had sought to use the graduated tax to raise revenues.[9]
While initial proposals lacked statutory tax rate language leading to criticism from one editorial board,[10] in 2014 Sen. Don Harmon (D-Oak Park) proposed a marginal rate schedule that taxed the first $12,500 of income at 2.9 percent, the range from $12,500 to $180,000 at 4.9 percent, and taxed all income over $180,000 at 6.9 percent. The rate schedule was not part of the amendment, but was instead separate legislation.[11]
Senator Harmon's proposal was estimated to reduce the tax bill of the Illinois median taxpayer (making $55,317 per year) by $303 per year versus the 5 percent rate. Allowing 2014 law to continue would reduce the median taxpayer's bill by $689 per year, an additional savings of $386 versus the Harmon rates.[12] Other speculative proposals had called for top marginal rates as high as 11 percent, but they were not introduced in the state legislature.[10]
Proponents argued that Harmon's rate schedule would provide tax relief to 94% of Illinoisans. Opponents and skeptics contended that was misleading since the current law in 2014 prescribed a decline in the personal income tax rate to 3.75 percent in 2015, after the expiration of a 2011 temporary surtax. They contended Harmon calculated his claimed tax relief from current rates rather than current law at the time.[13]
Proponents argued that it was misleading to suggest Harmon's rates were anything but a tax cut because many Illinois residents would pay less in 2015 than they paid in 2014.[14]
In January 2014, the non-partisan business group Civic Federation of Chicago's assessment of the Governor's budget projections estimated that the prescribed cut in income tax would yield decreased revenues of $1.4 billion in FY15 growing to $2.7 billion in FY16.[15] In its own analysis, the federation projected that the loss of revenue "would dramatically destabilize Illinois' already weak financial condition." They argued that the loss of revenue would be bad for Illinois' businesses, due in part to the fact that the state still owed many private businesses money.[16]
While Gov. Quinn had proposed extending the 5 percent flat tax indefinitely, other groups had sought to use the graduated tax to raise revenues.[17]
While initial proposals lacked statutory tax rate language leading to criticism from one editorial board,[10] in 2014 Sen. Don Harmon (D-Oak Park) proposed a marginal rate schedule that taxed the first $12,500 of income at 2.9 percent, the range from $12,500 to $180,000 at 4.9 percent, and taxed all income over $180,000 at 6.9 percent. The rate schedule was not part of the amendment, but was instead separate legislation.[18]
Senator Harmon's proposal was estimated to reduce the tax bill of the Illinois median taxpayer (making $55,317 per year) by $303 per year versus the 5 percent rate. Allowing 2014 law to continue would reduce the median taxpayer's bill by $689 per year, an additional savings of $386 versus the Harmon rates.[19] Other speculative proposals had called for top marginal rates as high as 11 percent, but they were not introduced in the state legislature.[10]
Proponents argued that Harmon's rate schedule would provide tax relief to 94% of Illinoisans. Opponents and skeptics contended that was misleading since the current law in 2014 prescribed a decline in the personal income tax rate to 3.75 percent in 2015, after the expiration of a 2011 temporary surtax. They contended Harmon calculated his claimed tax relief from current rates rather than current law at the time.[20]
Proponents argued that it was misleading to suggest Harmon's rates were anything but a tax cut because many Illinois residents would pay less in 2015 than they paid in 2014.[21]
7.75 percent from $250,001 to $500,000; and 7.85 percent from $500,001 to $1 million. Income for single filers making over $750,000 and joint filers making over $1 million would be taxed at $7.99%.
Under the new rates single filers would pay the maximum rate of 7.99 percent on all income once their taxable income tops $750,000. For joint filers, that rate takes effect on all income when it exceeds $1 million.
Calling for the bill's pasage in 2016, the Civil Rights icon John Lewis said, "This legislation is what justice requires. This legislation is what justice demands. And like the Supreme Court's recent decision, it is long overdue... We are a society committed to equal justice under the law. No longer should America turn its back on its lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender brothers and sisters... We have fought too hard and too long against discrimination based on race and color not to stand up against discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity."[22]
Calling for the bill's pasage in 2016, the Civil Rights icon John Lewis said, "This legislation is what justice requires. This legislation is what justice demands. And like the Supreme Court's recent decision, it is long overdue... We are a society committed to equal justice under the law. No longer should America turn its back on its lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender brothers and sisters... We have fought too hard and too long against discrimination based on race and color not to stand up against discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity."[23]
The Equality Act is a bill in the United States Congress, that, if passed, would amend the Civil Rights Act to prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identityinemployment, housing, public accommodations, public education, federal funding, credit, and the jury system.[24] As of 2020, 29 states have not outlawed anti-LGBT discrimination, with members of the LGBT community being given very little protection at a national level[25][26] and two-thirds of LGBT Americans the United States reporting facing or having experienced discrimination in their personal lives. The Equality Act seeks to remedy this lack of protection, applying existing state anti-LGBT discrimination laws nationwide.[24]
The Equality Act passed the United States House of Representatives on May 17, 2019 in a bipartisan 236-173 vote.[27][28] The United States Senate received the bill for consideration on May 20, 2019, where the bill remains.[29]
On June 15th, 2020, the United States Supreme Court ruled that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity in employment. LGBTQ rights advocates welcomed the ruling and reaffirmed support for passage of the Equality Act, noting that the ruling only covered employment and in many states LGBTQ people still lack non-discrimination protections in housing, public accommodations, public education, federal funding, credit, and jury service which would be covered under the Equality Act.[30][31][32]
The Equality Act would expand protections for people of color and women by ensuring retail stores, accountants, hospitals, salons and transportation providers, such as trains, taxis, car services and airlines do not discriminate on the basis of any protected characteristic. The Equality Act would also prohibit discrimination on the basis of actual or perceived membership in a protected class or association with a protected class.
Feminist/Women's groups in favor of the Equality Act legislation include but are not limited to the National Organization for Women,[33] 9to5: the National Association of Working Women,[33] the Coalition of Labor Union Women,[33] Feminist Majority,[33] Girls, Inc.,[33] Jewish Women International,[33] The National Black Women’s Reproductive Justice Agenda,[33] NARAL,[33] MANA, A National Latina Organization,[33] MomsRising,[33] National Alliance to End Sexual Violence,[33] National Asian Pacific American Women's Forum (NAPAWF),[33] National Association for Female Executives,[33] National Women's Health Network,[33] National Women's Law Center,[33] Planned Parenthood,[33] Positive Women’s Network-USA,[33] and United State of Women[33] to name a few.
The Southern Poverty Law Center has designated the Alliance Defending Freedom as an anti-LGBT hate group,[34]
ADF has suggested that women's safety is undermined when transgender people are able to use facilities that correspond to their gender identity.[35]
However, the
The National Taskforce to End Sexual and Domestic Violence and over 250 anti-sexual assault organizations have condemned opponents' attempts to portray transgender people as sexual predators and contends it is untrue that protections for transgender people endanger women's safety and privacy.[36] The Taskforce's joint letter was signed by over 250 survivor organizations in full support of full and equal access for the transgender community, including in restrooms and locker rooms.[37] The letter notes the [21] states and 200+ municipalities that have protected transgender people's access to facilities have not seen an increase in sexual violence and public safety incidents due to nondiscrimination laws. The letter also notes that anti-transgender initiatives put transgender people at further risk of assault.[38]
The Alliance Defending Freedom has also raised concerns about transgender people participating in sports, particularly women's sports. However, many transgender women are prescribed estrogen supplements and testosterone suppressants by doctors as part of hormone replacement therapy. This treatment reduces muscle mass of transgender women, among other bodily effects, arguably reducing speed, strength, and endurance. Testosterone prescribed by doctors for transgender male athletes
The Alliance Defending Freedom, which the Southern Poverty Law Center has designated as an anti-LGBT hate group,[39] objects to the provisions in the legislation that protect transgender Americans from discrimination. ADF has suggested that women's safety is undermined when transgender people are able to use facilities that correspond to their gender identity.[40] However, the National Taskforce to End Sexual and Domestic Violence and over 250 survivor organizations have condemned attempts to portray transgender people as sexual predators and contends it is a myth that protections for transgender people endanger women's safety and privacy.[41] The Taskforce's joint letter was signed by over 250 survivor organizations in full support of full and equal access for the transgender community, including in restrooms and locker rooms.[42] The letter notes the [20] states and 200+ municipalities that have protected transgender people's access to facilities have not seen an increase in sexual violence and public safety incidents due to nondiscrimination laws. The letter also notes that anti-transgender initiatives put transgender people at further risk of assault.[43]
The National Taskforce to End Sexual and Domestic Violence and over 250 survivor organizations have condemned attempts to portray transgender people as sexual predators and contends it is a myth that protections for transgender people endanger women's safety and privacy.[44] The Taskforce's joint letter was signed by over 250 survivor organizations in full support of full and equal access for the transgender community, including in restrooms and locker rooms.[45] The letter notes the [20] states and 200+ municipalities that have protected transgender people's access to facilities have not seen an increase in sexual violence and public safety incidents due to nondiscrimination laws. The letter also notes that anti-transgender initiatives put transgender people at further risk of assault.[46]
In June 2020, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 bars employment discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity.[47] The ruling was welcomed by LGBT rights advocates who called on Congress to pass the Equality Act.[48][49][50] While the Supreme Court ruling only prohibited discrimination in employment, if the Equality Act is passed and signed into law, the act would prohibit discrimination nationwide on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity in housing, employment, public accomomdations, public education, federal funding, credit, and jury service.[51] Currently, 29 US States have not enacted full protections for the LGBT community and only have federal protections in employment.[52]
The ruling only prohibits discrimination in employment. Currently 29 US states have not enacted any protections for the LGBT community
The ruling only barred discrimination in employment and LGBT rights advocates
Dr. Edith Guffey, a UCC clergywoman and mother of a trans non-binary child also testified to Congress, saying "We should all be able to agree on this one thing, the law should treat all our children, God's children, equally. All of our children deserve to be treated with dignity and respect. Every single one of us would go to the mat for our children. None of us wants them to be turned away or discriminated against for any reason."[54]
From 2015 on, LGBT rights advocates moved to support the Equality Act, a bill with far more comprehensive protections than ENDA.[55][56] The Equality Act would prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity not only in employment, but also housing, public accommodations, public education, federal funding, credit, and jury service.[57]
On June 15, 2020, the Supreme Court ruled in Bostock v. Clayton County, Georgia that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects employees from discrimination based on their sexual orientation and gender identity.[58] The ruling was only on employment, like ENDA. LGBT rights advocates welcomed the ruling and called on Congress to pass the Equality Act, noting that as of 2020, 29 states do not have the full protections the Equality Act would provide for the LGBT community.[59][60][61]
Hormone study [62]
I propose that we rename this page to "Same-sex marriage in Sovereign Nations in the United States." Tribal Nations are nations[63] and are due the respect given to nations. The Supreme Court of the United States,[64] the Federal Government,[65] and the United Nations[66] recognizes Tribal Nations as Sovereign Nations. I believe that "jurisdictions" does not do justice to the Nationhood of American Indian tribes. Calling it "jurisdictions" effectively reduces sovereign nations to city wards or villages. Yes, Nations is the right term. In Worcester v. Georgia, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that American Indian tribes are neither foreign nations nor states, but are domestic dependent nations.[67][68] As Nations, American Indian Tribes are sovereign and this sovereignty is protected by the United States Constitution[69] and is affirmed in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. I take tribal sovereignty and tribal consultation seriously, so I contacted Equality Navajo as it is an organization working for LGBTQ equality within Navajo Nation as I believe their voice matters on pages such as this. I received a response from Alray Nelson, the President of and founder of Navajo Equality (The Campaign for Diné Equality) and he said that this page should be called "Same-sex marriage in Sovereign Nations in the United States" and he cited that "We are sovereign nations in the eyes of the United Nations and to the federal government." Wikipedia is an encyclopedic source and we deserve to have information presented be educational and worthy of replication. Because this page has been titled "under United States tribal jurisdictions," I have seen discourse directly stemming from this page referring to Tribal Nations simply as "jurisdictions."[70][71] Use of "Nations" in the title is informative and accurate and respectful of the civil rights and sovereignty of American Indian Nations. I believe this page should be renamed to reflect this.
Seven members of the Pacific Islands Forum criminalize homosexuality. These countries include Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Kiribati, Samoa, Tonga, and the Cook Islands.
In 2018, the Leitis in Waiting Pacific Equality Project, the Pacific Human Rights Initiative, the Tonga Leitis Association, and the Pacific Sexual and Gender Diversity Network launched a Change.org petition to the Pacific Islands Forum that says
"On behalf of all LGBTI citizens, and their families, friends, and allies, we respectfully call on the Pacific Islands Forum Chair, Leaders, and Member States to: Establish a process that leads to full legal protections for all LGBTI citizens in all member states, aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the commitment to “Leave No One Behind”;
Enforce a policy of full decriminalisation of colonial-era and other laws that restrict the freedom of expression of Pacific LGBTI citizens;
Denounce homophobic and transphobic prejudice and discrimination, and lead the way by ensuring that the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat develops employment policies that protect its LGBTI, gender & sexual minority employees;
Include gender & sexual minorities in leadership positions and in decision-making processes"[72]
The Leitis in Waiting Pacific Island Project also lauched a documentary called "Leitis in Waiting" about native transgender women and the rising tide of
https://www.abc.net.au/radio-australia/programs/pacificbeat/lgbt-pac-petition/10024466
https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/ASA0590212018ENGLISH.pdf
https://qnews.com.au/calls-to-decriminalise-homosexuality-in-the-pacific-islands/
Possibly http://pacific.scoop.co.nz/2015/08/un-launches-campaign-supporting-gay-rights-in-the-pacific/
https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/puerto-rico-pushes-for-statehood-calling-it-a-civil-rights-issue/ar-AAzg5Tx https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/6246?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22puerto+rico+admission+act%22%5D%7D Puerto Rico bill H.R.6246
Colonial status DC map Inequalities between states and territories: Voting for President, Representation in Congress Proposed legislation. May be 2020 issue
| List of LGBT athletes in the 2016 Rio Olympics |
|---|
|
The Chicago Cubs were scheduled to play the Houston AstrosatMinute Maid Park on (date/weekend). However, due to Hurricane Ike, decisions were made to postpone the game and play it on neutral territory. Miller ParkinMilwaukee was selected. Two games were played in Miller Park on (day one) and (day two). On September 14, 2008, Carlos Zambrano threw a no-hitter in a 5-0 victory in what became the first no-hitter pitched on neutral territory in MLB history. He gave up one walk and one hit by pitch. Carlos Zambrano was also hit by a pitch while batting, in addition to hitting a single.[76] The Houston Astros were designated the "Home Team." While this was officially on neutral territory, multiple commentators pointed out that the stadium was filled with Cubs fans, due to Milwaukee's proximity to Chicago. Because many Cubs fans often travel to Milwaukee to see the Cubs play the Brewers, Miller Park is occasionally dubbed "Wrigley North."
https://www.teenvogue.com/story/philadelphia-pride-flag-opposition-racism-lgbtq-community
https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/history/events/mount-rushmore-before-it-was-desecrated-and-other-captivating-images/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenskwatawa Eli Reimer: First person with Down Syndrome to reach Mt. Everest's Base Camp 2013, 15 years old[77]
Mikayla Holmgren: First woman with Down Syndrome to compete in Miss Minnesota USA, 2017[78]
Kayleigh Williamson: First person with Down Syndrome to complete the Austin Half-Marathon (2017)[79]
Jamie Brewer: First model with Down Syndrome to appear on the catwalk during New York Fashion Week[80]
Megan McCormick: First* person with Down Syndrome to graduate with honors from a technical college in the US. [81][82]
María José: First person with Down Syndrome to carry the Presidential sash in the official appointment of the President of Ecuador, Rafael Correa.[83]
Carter Murai: First young model with Down Syndrome to speak in a marketing campaign[84]
Angela Bachellir: First person with Down Syndrome to be elected as a councilwoman (Spain)[85]
Potential Title: The criminalization of LGBT people/homosexuality and decriminalization efforts/initiatives
The criminalization and decriminalization of LGBT people
(De)Criminalization of homosexuality legislation and litigation
Status of LGBT legality and decriminalization
Homosexuality decriminalization movement
Tribune endorsement 25th district 25th District. Two Republicans are competing for the chance to face freshman Rep. Karina Villa, D-West Chicago, a House member running for the Senate seat, in November. Villa is unopposed in the primary. The seat currently is held by Sen. Jim Oberweis, R-Sugar Grove, who is running for Congress. Republican Jeanette Ward of West Chicago served four years on the Elgin-based U-46 School District board as a conservative voice who opposed tax increases and resisted the district’s movement toward gender-neutral bathrooms and locker rooms. Also running for the GOP nomination is Beth Goncher of Aurora who says while she considers herself a conservative, she is more concerned about corruption than bathrooms. “To say corruption is a victimless crime is naive because it affects all of us. It represents years and years of mismanagement.” Property tax relief and job growth also top her list of priorities. Goncher is endorsed. [86]
| Country/Territory/Jurisdiction | Status/Year | Type of legislation | Upper house | Lower house | Head of state | Law enacted? | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 The Gambia
|
Proposed[87] | Decriminalization | ||||||
 Cook Islands
|
Pending[88][89] | Decriminalization | ||||||
 Egypt
|
Pending[90] | Criminalization, including advocacy and media coverage | ||||||
 Angola
|
Pending[91][92][93] | Decriminalization | 125-0-36A | Stage 1? | ||||
 Sri Lanka
|
Proposed[94] | Decriminalization | ||||||
 Lebanon
|
Proposed[95] | Decriminalization | ||||||
| Jurisdiction | Date | Description | Lower courts | Upper courts or International courts | Restrictions unconstitutional? End result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Belize
|
2016 | Decriminalization | Restrictions struck down[96]
| ||
 Trinidad and Tobago
|
Ongoing | Decriminalization[97] | Struck down | ||
 India
|
Decriminalization | ||||
 Kenya
|
Decriminalization | ||||
 Botswana
|
Challenge to be heard May 31, 2018 | Decriminalization[98] |
| Country/Territory/Jurisdiction | Year of decriminalization | Status/Year passed | Type of legislation | Lower house | Upper house | Head of state | Law enacted? | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 South Australia
|
1975[99] | 2013 | Expungement[100] | Yes Check | |||||
 Victoria
|
1980/1981[101] | 2014. Apology 2016? | Expungement and apology[102][103] | Yes Check | |||||
 New South Wales
|
1984[104] | 2014 | Expungement[105] | Yes Check | |||||
 Australian Capital Territory
|
1976[106] | 2015 | Expungement [107] | Yes Check | |||||
 Tasmania
|
1997[108] | 2015 | Expungement and apology[109] Same-sex activity and cross-dressing[110] | Yes Check | |||||
 Germany
|
1968 (East Germany); 1969 (West Germany)[111] | 2017 | Pardon of convictions during and after Nazi era and reparations[112] | Passed[113] | N/A | Passed | |||
  England and Wales
|
1967[114] | 2016 | Pardons, including posthumous pardons | Yes | |||||
 Queensland
|
1990[115] | 2017 | Expungement | N/A | Passed[116] | ||||
 New Zealand
|
1986[117] | 2017 | Apology | Unanimous passage[118] | Passage | ||||
| New Zealand
|
1986[119] | Pending | Expungement | Pending[120] | |||||
| California
|
1978[121] | 2017 | Removal of past consensual homosexuality convictions from sex offender registry[122] | Signed | |||||
 Scotland
|
1981 | 2017 | Apology and pardon[123] | ||||||
 Western Australia
|
1990 | Pending | Expungement and apology[124] | ||||||
 UK at the Commonwealth of Nations
|
Still criminalized in 36/53 Commonwealth countries | Statement in 2018 | Apology for colonial laws imposing homophobic criminalization in the Commonwealth | ||||||
UK
See also: Reparations for slavery
Jurisdiction Maximum punishment Other forms of punishment? Enforcement within last 3 years? Notes
| Jurisdiction | Maximum Punishment | Other forms of punishment | Enforcement within last 3 years? | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sudan | Death | |||
| Iran | Death | |||
| Saudi Arabia | Death | |||
| Mauritania | Death | |||
| Nigeria | Death* | |||
| Yemen | Death | |||
| Afghanistan | Death | |||
| Brunei | ***** research it | |||
| Somalia | Death | |||
| Egypt | ||||
| South Sudan | ||||
| Libya | ||||
| Tunisia | ||||
| Morocco | ||||
| India | ||||
| Pakistan | Death | |||
| Algeria | ||||
| Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | ||||
| The Gambia | ||||
| Ghana | ||||
| Guinea | ||||
| Liberia | ||||
| Senegal | ||||
| Sierra Leone | ||||
| Togo | ||||
| Cameroon | ||||
| Chad? | ||||
| Burundi | ||||
| Kenya | ||||
| Uganda | ||||
| Tanzania | ||||
| Eritrea | ||||
| Ethiopia | ||||
| Somalia | ||||
| Somaliland | ||||
| Comoros | ||||
| Mauritius | ||||
| Angola | ||||
| Botswana | ||||
| Malawi | ||||
| Namibia | ||||
| Swaziland | ||||
| Zambia | ||||
| Zimbabwe | ||||
| Antigua and Barbuda | ||||
| Barbados? | ||||
| Dominica | ||||
| Grenada | ||||
| Jamaica | ||||
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | ||||
| Saint Lucia | ||||
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | ||||
| Trinidad and Tobago | ||||
| Guyana | ||||
| Turkmenistan | ||||
| Uzbekistan | ||||
| Russia/Chechnya | ||||
| Kuwait | ||||
| Oman | ||||
| Gaza | ||||
| Qatar | Death | |||
| Syria | ||||
| United Arab Emirates | Death | |||
| Bangladesh | ||||
| Bhutan | ||||
| Maldives | ||||
| Sri Lanka | ||||
| Myanmar | ||||
| Indonesia* | ||||
| Malaysia | ||||
| Singapore | ||||
| Papua New Guinea | ||||
| Solomon Islands | ||||
| Vanuatu | ||||
| Kiribati | ||||
| Cook Islands | ||||
| Samoa | ||||
| Tonga | ||||
| Tuvalu | ||||
Alphabetized:
| Jurisdiction | Maximum Punishment | Other forms of punishment | Enforcement within last 3 years? | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | ||||
| Algeria | ||||
| Angola | ||||
| Antigua and Barbuda | ||||
| Bangladesh | ||||
| Barbados? | ||||
| Bhutan | ||||
| Botswana | ||||
| Brunei | ||||
| Burundi | ||||
| Cameroon | ||||
| Chad? | ||||
| Comoros | ||||
| Cook Islands | ||||
| Dominica | ||||
| Egypt | ||||
| Eritrea | ||||
| Ethiopia | ||||
| Gaza | ||||
| Ghana | ||||
| Grenada | ||||
| Guinea | ||||
| Guyana | ||||
| India | ||||
| Indonesia* | ||||
| Iran | ||||
| Jamaica | ||||
| Kenya | ||||
| Kiribati | ||||
| Kuwait | ||||
| Liberia | ||||
| Libya | ||||
| Malawi | ||||
| Malaysia | ||||
| Maldives | ||||
| Mauritania | ||||
| Mauritius | ||||
| Morocco | ||||
| Myanmar | ||||
| Namibia | ||||
| Nigeria | ||||
| Oman | ||||
| Pakistan | ||||
| Papua New Guinea | ||||
| Qatar | ||||
| Russia/Chechnya | ||||
| Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | ||||
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | ||||
| Saint Lucia | ||||
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | ||||
| Samoa | ||||
| Saudi Arabia | ||||
| Senegal | ||||
| Sierra Leone | ||||
| Singapore | ||||
| Solomon Islands | ||||
| Somalia | ||||
| Somalia | ||||
| Somaliland | ||||
| South Sudan | ||||
| Sri Lanka | ||||
| Sudan | ||||
| Swaziland | ||||
| Syria | ||||
| Tanzania | ||||
| The Gambia | ||||
| Togo | ||||
| Tonga | ||||
| Trinidad and Tobago | ||||
| Tunisia | ||||
| Turkmenistan | ||||
| Tuvalu | ||||
| Uganda | ||||
| United Arab Emirates | ||||
| Uzbekistan | ||||
| Vanuatu | ||||
| Yemen | ||||
| Zambia | ||||
| Zimbabwe |
http://www.adaderana.lk/news/39301/activist-fights-to-decriminalize-homosexuality-in-sri-lanka
List of most recent executions by jurisdiction
Scrap this
| Jurisdiction | Number of Arrests | Number of Prisoners | Number of Executions (if applicable) | Date of last known enforcement | Name(s) of last known to be prosecuted or executed | Punishment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iran | 4000-6000[125] | |||||
| Saudi Arabia | ||||||
| Egypt | ~500 (estimate)[126] | N/A | ||||
| Sudan | ||||||
| Mauritania | ||||||
| Yemen | ||||||
| Somalia | ||||||
| Somaliland | ||||||
| LGBT rights in Gaza | ||||||
| Afghanistan | ||||||
| Nigeria | ||||||
(should mass arrests also go here?) Explain Chechnya Situation Here
role of faith
Whether groups are legal
Russia Russian gay propaganda law Haiti
More
Proposed: Egypt[127]
Chechnya
Canada has accepted 22-31 LGBT Chechen refugees[128] Lithuania has accepted at least two LGBT Chechen refugees[129] Germany has accepted at least 1 LGBT Chechen refugee[130]
UAE stuff
Milk, orange juice, syrup, butter, jelly, yer a wizard harry, water, pear juice[131]
Bacon juice, strawberry compote, yogurt[132]
https://everytown.org/nra-grades-archive/
Cite error: There are <ref group=nb> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=nb}} template (see the help page).
Legislator at war with tax facts was invoked but never defined (see the help page).{{cite web}}: |last2= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
