Wilhelm Burgdorf
| |
|---|---|
Burgdorf in 1944
| |
| Chief of the Army Personnel Office | |
| In office 12 October 1944 – 2 May 1945 | |
| Preceded by | Rudolf Schmundt |
| Succeeded by | Office abolished |
| Chief adjutanttoAdolf Hitler | |
| In office 12 October 1944 – 30 April 1945 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1895-02-15)15 February 1895 Fürstenwalde, Province of Brandenburg, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire |
| Died | 2 May 1945(1945-05-02) (aged 50) Berlin, Germany |
| Cause of death | Suicide by gunshot |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |
 Weimar Republic Nazi Germany |
| Branch/service |
 Reichsheer German Army |
| Years of service | 1914—1945 |
| Rank |  General der Infanterie |
| Unit | 12th Grenadier Regiment (World War I) 529th Infantry Regiment (World War II) |
| Commands | Army Personnel Office 529th Infantry Regiment |
| Battles/wars | World War I World War II |
| Awards | World War I
Iron Cross 2nd Class Iron Cross1st Class World War II Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross Eastern Medal |
| |
Wilhelm Emanuel Burgdorf (15 February 1895 – 2 May 1945)[a] was a German general who rose to prominence during the final years of World War II. Burgdorf served as a commander of 529th Infantry Regiment from May 1940 to April 1942 (part of the 299th Infantry Division). In October 1944, Burgdorf assumed the role of the chief of the Army Personnel Office and chief adjutant to Adolf Hitler. In this capacity, he played a key role in the forced suicide of Field Marshal Erwin Rommel. Burgdorf committed suicide inside the Führerbunker on 2 May 1945 at the conclusion of the Battle of Berlin.
Burgdorf was born on 15 February 1895 in Fürstenwalde, Province of Brandenburg, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire.
Burgdorf joined the Prussian Army at the outbreak of World War I as an officer cadet and was commissioned as an infantry officer in Grenadier Regiment 12 in 1915. After the war he served in the Reichswehr and was promoted to captain in 1930. In the Wehrmacht, he became an instructor in tactics at the military academy in Dresden with the rank of major in 1935 and was appointed an adjutant on the staff of the IX corps in 1937. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1938 and served as the commander of the 529th Infantry Regiment from May 1940 to April 1942. In May 1942, he became Chief of Department 2 of the Army Personnel Office. Burgdorf became the Deputy Chief in October 1942, when he was promoted to Generalmajor.[1]
Burgdorf was promoted to chief of the Army Personnel Office and chief adjutant to Adolf Hitler in October 1944. At that time, he was further promoted in rank to Generalleutnant, and one month later (on 1 November 1944) to the rank of General der Infanterie. Burgdorf retained that rank and position until his death.[1] Burgdorf decreed: Every officer and every judge of the Wehrmacht have to act with strongest measures against doubters in the German final victory. "An officer who expresses himself disparaging about the state leadership is intolerable in the National Socialist state."[2]
Burgdorf played a key role in the death of Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, who had been implicated as having a peripheral role in the 20 July plot to assassinate Hitler. Instead of bringing the most popular general in Germany before the People's Court, Hitler opted to give Rommel several options.
On 14 October 1944, Burgdorf, with General Ernst Maisel, arrived at the Rommel household. Burgdorf informed Rommel of the charges and, following the instructions of Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, offered him three choices: report to Hitler and plead not guilty;[3] admit guilt, take poison, receive a state funeral and obtain immunity for his family and staff; or face a trial for treason.[4] Rommel decided on the second option and briefed his wife and son before leaving with Burgdorf and Maisel. Rommel's family received a telephone call ten minutes later informing them that Rommel had committed suicide.[5]
Shortly before the Battle of Berlin, Philipp Freiherr von Boeselager overheard Burgdorf say: "When the war is over, we will have to purge, after the Jews, the Catholic officers in the army."[6] Boeselager was a Roman Catholic Wehrmacht officer and vocally objected, citing his own decorations for heroism in combat. He left before Burgdorf answered.
Burgdorf joined Hitler in the Führerbunker when the Soviets assaulted Berlin. On 28 April, Hitler discovered that Heinrich Himmler tried to negotiate a surrender to the western Allies via Count Folke Bernadotte. Burgdorf took part in Hitler's court-martialofHermann Fegelein, Himmler's SS liaison officer and Eva Braun's brother-in-law. SS-General Wilhelm Mohnke presided over the tribunal, which included SS-General Johann Rattenhuber and General Hans Krebs. Fegelein was so drunk that he was crying, vomiting and unable to stand up; he even urinated on the floor. It was the opinion of the judges that he was in no condition to stand trial. Therefore, Mohnke closed the proceedings and turned Fegelein over to Rattenhuber and his security squad.[7]
On 29 April 1945, Burgdorf, Krebs, Joseph Goebbels, and Martin Bormann witnessed and signed Hitler's last will and testament.[8] After Hitler's suicide on 30 April 1945, Goebbels assumed Hitler's role as chancellor.[9] On 1 May, Goebbels dictated a letter to Soviet Army Marshall Vasily Chuikov, requesting a temporary ceasefire, and ordered General Krebs to deliver it. Chuikov commanded the Soviet forces in central Berlin.[10] After this was rejected, Goebbels decided that further efforts were futile.[11] Goebbels then launched into a tirade berating the generals, reminding them Hitler forbade them to surrender. Ministerialdirektor Hans Fritzsche left the room to take matters into his own hands. He went to his nearby office on Wilhelmplatz and wrote a surrender letter addressed to Soviet Marshall Georgy Zhukov. General Burgdorf followed Fritzsche to his office.[12] There he asked Fritzsche if he intended to surrender Berlin. Fritzsche replied that he was going to do just that. Burgdorf shouted that Hitler had forbidden surrender and as a civilian he had no authority to do so. Burgdorf then pulled his PPK to shoot Fritzsche, but a radio technician "knocked the gun" and the bullet fired hit the ceiling. Several men then hustled Burgdorf out of the office and he returned to the bunker.[13]
After midnight, in the early hours of 2 May 1945, following the earlier suicides of Hitler and Goebbels, Burgdorf and his colleague Chief of Staff Hans Krebs committed suicide together by gunshot to the head.[14] The Soviets found the bodies of Krebs and Burgdorf in the bunker complex.[15]
| 1938: | |
| October 1942: | Generalmajor |
| October 1944: | Generalleutnant |
| 1 November 1944: | General der Infanterie (General of the Infantry) |
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients of the 299th Infantry Division
| |
|---|---|
|
| International |
|
|---|---|
| National |
|
| People |
|
