J u m p t o c o n t e n t
M a i n m e n u
M a i n m e n u
N a v i g a t i o n
● M a i n p a g e ● C o n t e n t s ● C u r r e n t e v e n t s ● R a n d o m a r t i c l e ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● C o n t a c t u s ● D o n a t e
C o n t r i b u t e
● H e l p ● L e a r n t o e d i t ● C o m m u n i t y p o r t a l ● R e c e n t c h a n g e s ● U p l o a d f i l e
S e a r c h
Search
A p p e a r a n c e
● C r e a t e a c c o u n t ● L o g i n
P e r s o n a l t o o l s
● C r e a t e a c c o u n t ● L o g i n
P a g e s f o r l o g g e d o u t e d i t o r s l e a r n m o r e ● C o n t r i b u t i o n s ● T a l k
( T o p )
1 M o r p h o l o g i c a l
T o g g l e M o r p h o l o g i c a l s u b s e c t i o n
1 . 1 D e r i v a t i o n
1 . 2 I n f l e c t i o n
2 N o n m o r p h o l o g i c a l
T o g g l e N o n m o r p h o l o g i c a l s u b s e c t i o n
2 . 1 A b b r e v i a t i o n
2 . 2 A c r o n y m s & I n i t i a l i s m s
2 . 3 B a c k - f o r m a t i o n
2 . 4 B l e n d i n g
2 . 5 C o m p o u n d i n g
3 W o r d f o r m a t i o n v s . S e m a n t i c c h a n g e
4 R e f e r e n c e s
5 S e e a l s o
T o g g l e t h e t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s
W o r d f o r m a t i o n
3 9 l a n g u a g e s
● A f r i k a a n s ● ا ل ع ر ب ي ة ● Б е л а р у с к а я ● Б е л а р у с к а я ( т а р а ш к е в і ц а ) ● Б ъ л г а р с к и ● Ч ӑ в а ш л а ● Č e š t i n a ● D a n s k ● D e u t s c h ● E s p a ñ o l ● E s p e r a n t o ● ف ا ر س ی ● F r a n ç a i s ● 한 국 어 ● I d o ● I n t e r l i n g u a ● I t a l i a n o ● L i e t u v i ų ● M a g y a r ● B a h a s a M e l a y u ● N e d e r l a n d s ● 日 本 語 ● N o r s k n y n o r s k ● О л ы к м а р и й ● O ʻ z b e k c h a / ў з б е к ч а ● پ ښ ت و ● P o l s k i ● R o m â n ă ● Р у с и н ь с к ы й ● Р у с с к и й ● S e e l t e r s k ● S h q i p ● S l o v e n č i n a ● S l o v e n š č i n a ● С р п с к и / s r p s k i ● S v e n s k a ● Т о ҷ и к ӣ ● У к р а ї н с ь к а ● 中 文
E d i t l i n k s
● A r t i c l e ● T a l k
E n g l i s h
● R e a d ● E d i t ● V i e w h i s t o r y
T o o l s
T o o l s
A c t i o n s
● R e a d ● E d i t ● V i e w h i s t o r y
G e n e r a l
● W h a t l i n k s h e r e ● R e l a t e d c h a n g e s ● U p l o a d f i l e ● S p e c i a l p a g e s ● P e r m a n e n t l i n k ● P a g e i n f o r m a t i o n ● C i t e t h i s p a g e ● G e t s h o r t e n e d U R L ● D o w n l o a d Q R c o d e ● W i k i d a t a i t e m
P r i n t / e x p o r t
● D o w n l o a d a s P D F ● P r i n t a b l e v e r s i o n
A p p e a r a n c e
F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
Creation of new lexemes or the process of changing words
For the geological formation, see
Word Formation . For the study of the origin and historical development of words, see
Etymology .
In linguistics , word formation is an ambiguous term[1]
the processes through which words can change[2] morphology ), or
the creation of new lexemes in a particular language
Morphological [ edit ]
A common method of word formation is the attachment of inflectional or derivational affixes .
Derivation [ edit ]
Examples include:
the words governor , government , governable , misgovern , ex-governor , and ungovernable are all derived from the base word (to ) govern [3]
Inflection [ edit ]
Inflection is modifying a word for the purpose of fitting it into the grammatical structure of a sentence.[4]
manages and managed are inflected from the base word (to ) manage [1]
worked is inflected from the verb (to ) work
talks , talked , and talking are inflected from the base (to ) talk [5]
Nonmorphological [ edit ]
Abbreviation [ edit ]
Examples includes:
Acronyms & Initialisms [ edit ]
An acronym is a word formed from the first letters of other words.[6]
NASA N A S A
IJAL I J A L
Acronyms are usually written entirely in capital letters, though some words originating as acronyms, like radar [7]
Initialisms are similar to acronyms, but where the letters are pronounced as a series of letters. For example:
ATM A T M
SIA S I A [1]
Back-formation [ edit ]
In linguistics, back-formation is the process of forming a new word by removing actual affixes, or parts of the word that is re-analyzed as an affix, from other words to create a base.[5]
the verb headhunt is a back-formation of headhunter
the verb edit is formed from the noun editor [5]
the word televise is a back-formation of television
The process is motivated by analogy : edit is to editor as act is to actor . This process leads to a lot of denominal verbs .
The productivity of back-formation is limited, with the most productive forms of back-formation being hypocoristics .[5]
Blending [ edit ]
A lexical blend is a complex word typically made of two word fragments. For example:
smog is a blend of sm f og
brunch is a blend of br l unch [6]
stagflation is a blend of stag nationin flation [1]
chunnel is a blend of ch t unnel [1] Channel Tunnel
Although blending is listed under the Nonmorphological heading, there are debates as to how far blending is a matter of morphology.[1]
Compounding [ edit ]
Compounding is the processing of combining two bases, where each base may be a fully-fledged word. For example:
desktop is formed by combining desk and top
railway is formed by combining rail and way
firefighter is formed by combining fire and fighter [5]
Compounding is a topic relevant to syntax, semantics, and morphology.[2]
Word formation vs. Semantic change [ edit ]
There are processes for forming new dictionary items which are not considered under the umbrella of word formation.[1] semantic change , which is a change in a single word's meaning. The boundary between word formation and semantic change can be difficult to define as a new use of an old word can be seen as a new word derived from an old one and identical to it in form.
References [ edit ]
^ a b Baker, Anne; Hengeveld, Kees (2012). Linguistics . Malden, MA.: John Wiley & Sons. p. 23. ISBN 978-0631230366
^ Katamba, F. (1 January 2006). "Back-Formation". Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics (Second Edition) : 642–645. doi :10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00108-5 . ISBN 9780080448541
^ Linguistics : the basics ISBN 978-0-631-23035-9 OCLC 748812931 .{{cite book }}: CS1 maint: others (link )
^ a b c d e Katamba, F. (1 January 2006). "Back-Formation". Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics (Second Edition) : 642–645. doi :10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00108-5 . ISBN 9780080448541
^ a b Aronoff, Mark (1983). "A Decade of Morphology and Word Formation" . Annual Review of Anthropology . 12 doi :10.1146/annurev.an.12.100183.002035 .
^ Carstairs-McCarthy, Andrew (2018). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure (2nd ed.). Edinburgh University Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-4744-2896-5
See also [ edit ]
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Word_formation&oldid=1226230583 " C a t e g o r y : ● L i n g u i s t i c m o r p h o l o g y H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● C S 1 m a i n t : o t h e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s w i t h G N D i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h J 9 U i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h L C C N i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h L N B i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h N K C i d e n t i f i e r s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 2 9 M a y 2 0 2 4 , a t 1 0 : 1 0 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
