Yanchang
延长县
Yenchang
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|---|---|
Yanchang in Yan'an
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Yan'an in Shaanxi
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| Coordinates (Yanchang County government): 36°34′45″N 110°00′44″E / 36.5793°N 110.0123°E / 36.5793; 110.0123 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shaanxi |
| Prefecture-level city | Yan'an |
| Area | |
| • Total | 2,368.7 km2 (914.6 sq mi) |
| Population
(2018)
| 158,000 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code |
717100
|
Yanchang County (simplified Chinese: 延长县; traditional Chinese: 延長縣; pinyin: Yáncháng Xiàn) is a county under the administration of the prefecture-level cityofYan'an, in the northeastofShaanxi Province, bordering Shanxi Province across the Yellow River to the east. It has a land area of 2,368.7 square kilometres (914.6 sq mi), and a population of 158,000.[1]
Yanchang County consists of one subdistrict and seven towns.[1][2] These are then further divided into 159 administrative villages.[1]
Qilucun Subdistrict [zh] (七里村街道; Qīlǐcūn Jiēdào) is the county's sole subdistrict.[1][2] Qilicun Subdistrict host's the county's administrative offices.[2]
Yanchang County contains the following seven towns:[1][2]
Located on the Loess Plateau,[2] the county's terrain is largely hilly, with a low point of 470.6 metres (1,544 ft) above sea level, and a high point of 1,383 metres (4,537 ft) above sea level.[1] The Yellow River passes through the county, as does the Yan River.[1] The county has a forest coverage of 23%.[1]
Yanchang County experiences distinctive seasons in regards to both temperature and precipitation.[1] The county has warm and wet summers, and cold and dry winters.[1] The county has an average annual temperature of 10.4 °C (50.7 °F), an average of 2504.6 hours of sunshine per year, and an average of 564 millimetres (22.2 in) of precipitation per year.[1]
| Climate data for Yanchang, elevation 805 m (2,641 ft), (1981−2010 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.4 (59.7) |
22.4 (72.3) |
29.6 (85.3) |
37.9 (100.2) |
37.5 (99.5) |
41.1 (106.0) |
40.0 (104.0) |
37.3 (99.1) |
38.5 (101.3) |
32.1 (89.8) |
24.2 (75.6) |
18.3 (64.9) |
41.1 (106.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) |
7.0 (44.6) |
13.4 (56.1) |
21.4 (70.5) |
26.6 (79.9) |
30.2 (86.4) |
31.2 (88.2) |
29.1 (84.4) |
24.3 (75.7) |
18.4 (65.1) |
11.0 (51.8) |
4.2 (39.6) |
18.3 (64.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.6 (21.9) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
5.2 (41.4) |
12.8 (55.0) |
18.4 (65.1) |
22.3 (72.1) |
24.2 (75.6) |
22.3 (72.1) |
17.0 (62.6) |
10.3 (50.5) |
2.6 (36.7) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
10.4 (50.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −11.2 (11.8) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
5.4 (41.7) |
10.8 (51.4) |
15.2 (59.4) |
18.4 (65.1) |
17.3 (63.1) |
12.0 (53.6) |
5.0 (41.0) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
−9.1 (15.6) |
4.4 (40.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −22.3 (−8.1) |
−19.2 (−2.6) |
−15.0 (5.0) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
5.9 (42.6) |
10.3 (50.5) |
8.4 (47.1) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−16.8 (1.8) |
−23.0 (−9.4) |
−23.0 (−9.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.4 (0.13) |
5.3 (0.21) |
16.2 (0.64) |
25.2 (0.99) |
41.0 (1.61) |
61.2 (2.41) |
95.7 (3.77) |
109.3 (4.30) |
72.1 (2.84) |
34.6 (1.36) |
13.9 (0.55) |
2.9 (0.11) |
480.8 (18.92) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.6 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 7.7 | 9.3 | 11.8 | 11.0 | 9.8 | 8.1 | 4.2 | 1.5 | 78.8 |
| Average snowy days | 3.8 | 3.4 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 13.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 57 | 54 | 53 | 48 | 53 | 59 | 69 | 75 | 76 | 73 | 65 | 60 | 62 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 192.4 | 183.7 | 212.5 | 234.6 | 255.5 | 233.1 | 223.1 | 209.0 | 172.6 | 178.5 | 179.4 | 188.3 | 2,462.7 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 62 | 60 | 57 | 59 | 58 | 53 | 50 | 50 | 47 | 52 | 59 | 63 | 56 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration (precipitation days, snow days, sunshine 1991–2020)[3][4] | |||||||||||||
Human activity in Yanchang County can be traced back thousands of years, and the first administrative district in the area arose in 266 AD.[1]
Communist activity in the area began in January 1927, when a Communist Party branch was set up at a high school in the county.[1] On October 14, 1927, party leaders Tang Shu [zh] and Xie Zichang [zh] lead an uprising called the Qingjian Uprising [zh], which had failed.[1] However, Communist Party activity in the region continued in subsequent years. In the spring of 1932, a communist uprising in the area occurred yet again, and the Communist Party organized militias afterwards.[1] On May 30, 1935, Communist troops successfully took control of the county.[1] Communist forces would retain control of the county during the rest of the Civil War, as well as during the Japanese Invasion of China.[1]
As of 2018, the county's GDP was 5.408 billion Yuan, an increase of 8.7% from the previous year.[1] Urban residents had an average disposable income of 34,170 Yuan, and rural residents had an average disposable income of 11,105 Yuan.[1]
The county's main agricultural products are apples, pears, and watermelons.[1]
The county has vast deposits, mainly of petroleum, coal, natural gas, and salt.[1][2]
The county is home to China's first oil well,[1][2] which was constructed on June 5, 1907.[1] During Mao Zedong's rule, oil production in the county was encouraged.[1]
In 1985, the county established its own oil company, called Wangjiachuan Petroleum Drilling Company.[1] The company was run by the county government, the first oil company in China to be structured as such.[1][5] The company dug its first well on May 29, 1985, and produced 1,005 tons of crude oil by the end of the year.[5] By the late 1990s, the company's output hovered at around 14,000 tons per year.[5] In 2000, the county government launched reforms meant to boost its productivity, and in 2005 the company had merged into the Yanchang Oilfield Company Ltd.[5]
After merging into Yanchang Oilfield, the county's oil production further expanded, achieving a stable annual output of approximately 250,000 tons from 2005 through 2010.[5] The county now has three oil production plants, which combine for an annual output in excess of 600,000 tons.[1]
The county has coal reserves of 20.92 million tons.[1]
The county's natural gas reserves total 2,000 square kilometres (770 sq mi) in area, and 100 billion cubic meters in volume.[5]
The county's salt reserves total 4.838 billion tons.[1]
Like other regions of Shaanbei, the county has a rich tradition of paper cutting.[1] Major tourist sites include historic and archaeological sites, red tourism sites, as well as various natural sites, particularly mountains.[1]
The county is served by a number of highways, such as Shaanxi Provincial Highway 201 and Shaanxi Provincial Highway 205.[1]
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