「ユグドラシル」を編集中

{{otheruses|北欧神話に登場する架空の木}}

[[ファイル:Yggdrasil.jpg|thumb|250px|北欧神話における世界図<br>中心の木がユグドラシルである。<br>『[[スノッリのエッダ]]』の[[英語]]訳本（[[1847年]]）の[[挿絵]]。]]

'''ユグドラシル'''{{Sfn|谷口|1973|p=10}}（[[古ノルド語]]: {{lang|all|Yggdrasill}}, {{IPA|ˈyɡːˌdrasilː}}{{Efn2|[[二重子音]]は子音を長く発音する{{Sfn|下宮|金子|2006|p=22}}。}}）は、[[北欧神話]]に登場する<span class="ltr">1</span>本の[[架空]]の[[木]]。'''ユッグドラシル'''、'''イグドラシル'''とも表記する<ref>{{Cite web|和書|url = https://kotobank.jp/word/イグドラシル-30227 |title = 世界大百科事典 第<span class="ltr">2</span>版の解説 |publisher = コトバンク |accessdate = 2018-03-25 }}</ref>。

[[世界]]を体現する巨大な木であり、[[アースガルズ]]、[[ミズガルズ]]、[[ヨトゥンヘイム]]、[[ヘルヘイム]]などの[[九つの世界]]を内包する存在とされる。そのような本質を捉えて英語では "{{sname||World tree}}"、[[日本語]]では、'''[[世界樹]]'''（せかいじゅ）{{Efn2|世界樹と呼ばれるのはユグドラシルだけではない。マヤの文化では60mにもなる[[セイバ]]が世界樹と考えられている。宇宙は枝の天界、幹の地界、根の地下界に分かれていて、天界は<span class="ltr">13</span>あり、太陽、月、金星などや神々が住む。地界は人間界。地下界は<span class="ltr">9</span>層あり、一番下に死の神がいる。<span class="ltr">3</span>つの界はまた東西南北の<span class="ltr">4</span>つの方位に分けられる。その世界の中心に母なる大樹、聖なる樹、緑のセイバの世界樹が生えている。その枝は天界まで延び、その根は地下界まで延びている。[[ティカル]]の[[ピラミッド]]もセイバの木をモデルにしている。}}、'''宇宙樹'''（うちゅうじゅ）と呼ばれる。

[[リヒャルト・ワーグナー|ワーグナー]]の楽劇『[[ニーベルングの指輪]]』における「[[神々の黄昏 (楽劇)|神々の黄昏]]」の冒頭「ワルキューレの岩」で、第一の[[ノルン]]（運命の女神）が「一人の大胆な神が水を飲みに泉にやって来て　永遠の叡智を得た代償に片方の目を差し出しました　そして世界樹の[[セイヨウトネリコ|トネリコ]]の木から枝を一本折り　その枝から槍の柄（つか）を作りました　長い年月とともに　その枝の傷は　森のような大樹を弱らせました　葉が黄ばんで落ち　木はついに枯れてしまいました」と歌う。

== 呼称 ==
=== 原義 ===
Yggdrasill<!--（{{IPA-all|ˈyɡːˌdrasilː}}, ユッグドラシル）--> という名前の由来には諸説あるが、最も有力な説ではその原義を "Ygg's horse" （恐るべき者の[[ウマ|馬]]）とする。"Yggr" および "Ygg" は主神[[オーディン]]の数ある異名（[[ケニング]]）の一つで （[[wikt:cf.|''cf.'']] [[w:List of names of Odin|en]]）、Drasillは'''[[オーディン]]の馬'''を意味していると解釈されている。

=== 日本語名 ===
[[ファイル:AM 738 4to Yggdrasill.png|thumb|170px|ユグドラシルと、そこに棲みつく様々な生き物達<br>[[<span class="ltr">17</span>世紀]]、[[アイスランド]]の[[写本]]『[[AM 738 4to]]』の中の<span class="ltr">1</span>図。]]
[[日本語]]名は、引用先の言語の違いと仮名転写の際の言語的揺らぎにより、"Ygg-" が「ユッグ」「ユグ」「イッグ」「イグ」に、"drasill" が「ドラシル」「ドラジル」にそれぞれ読みが分かれ、これらの組み合わせによって多数の異形が存在する。

== 特徴 ==
三つの[[根]]が[[幹]]を支えている。『[[グリームニルの言葉]]』第<span class="ltr">31</span>節によると、それぞれの下に[[ヘルヘイム]]、[[霜の巨人]]、人間が住んでいる<ref>『エッダ 古代北欧歌謡集』<span class="ltr">55</span>頁。</ref>。また『[[ギュルヴィたぶらかし]]』での説明では、根は[[アースガルズ]]、[[霜の巨人]]の住む世界、[[ニヴルヘイム]]の上へと通じている<ref name="kodai236">『エッダ 古代北欧歌謡集』236頁。</ref>。
アースガルズに向かう根のすぐ下には神聖な[[ウルズの泉]]があり<ref>『エッダ 古代北欧歌謡集』237頁。</ref>、霜の巨人の元へ向かう根のすぐ下には[[ミーミルの泉]]がある<ref name="kodai236" />。根の下には、ヨルムンガンドが住んでいるとも言われている。

この木に棲む[[リス|栗鼠]]の[[ラタトスク]]が各々の世界間に情報を伝えるメッセンジャーとなっている。木の頂きには一羽の[[鷲]]（[[フレースヴェルグ]]とされる）が留まっており、その[[目|眼]]の間に[[ヴェズルフェルニル]]と呼ばれる[[鷹]]が止まっているという<ref>『エッダ 古代北欧歌謡集』238頁。</ref>。

ユグドラシルの根は、[[ヘビ|蛇]]の[[ニーズヘッグ]]によって齧られている。また、[[ダーイン、ドヴァリン、ドゥネイル、ドゥラスロール|ダーインとドヴァリン、ドゥネイルとドゥラスロール]] ([[古ノルド語]]: {{lang|all|Dáinn ok Dvalinn, Dúneyrr ok Duraþrór}}, [[w:Dáinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr and Duraþrór|en]]) という四頭の[[鹿|牡鹿]]がユグドラシルの[[樹皮]]を食料としている<ref>『エッダ 古代北欧歌謡集』<span class="ltr">55</span>、238-239頁。</ref>。また、『[[グリームニルの言葉]]』第<span class="ltr">25</span>節によると、[[ヤギ|山羊]]の[[ヘイズルーン]]が[[レーラズ]]という樹木の葉を食料にしているとされる<ref>『エッダ 古代北欧歌謡集』<span class="ltr">54</span>頁。</ref>が、レーラズがユグドラシルと同じ樹木かははっきりしていない<ref>『エッダ 古代北欧歌謡集』<span class="ltr">59</span>頁。</ref>。

== 類似の世界樹 ==
=== イルミンスール ===
[[サクソン人|ザクセン人]]が[[イルミンスール]] ([[古ザクセン語]]: {{sname||Irminsul}}, ザクセン人の祖神イルミンの柱の意) という同じような世界樹を崇拝していたことが、[[カール大帝]]の記録などから分かっている。大帝は、ザクセンに対する征服戦争（[[ザクセン戦争 (カール大帝)|ザクセン戦争]]）の最初の年となった [[772年]]、もしくはその翌年に、[[パーダーボルン]]近郊の[[オーバーマースベルク|エレスブルク]] ([[w:Obermarsberg|Eresburg [Obermarsberg]]]) にて'''[[キリスト教]]から見た'''[[邪教]]の拠り所であったこの神木を伐り倒したと伝えられる<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=David Levering |authorlink1=David Levering Lewis |title=God's Crucible:  Islam and the making of Europe 570 to 1215 |year=2008 |publisher={{sname||W. W. Norton & Company}} |location={{sname||New York}} |language=en |isbn=978-0-393-06472-8 |page=242}}</ref>。

== 脚注 ==
=== 注釈 ===
{{Notelist2}}
=== 出典 ===
{{Reflist}}

== 参考文献 ==
* {{Cite book|和書|editor={{仮リンク|グスタフ・ネッケル|en|Gustav Neckel|label=G.ネッケル}}他|translator=[[谷口幸男]] |year=1973 |title=エッダ 古代北欧歌謡集 |publisher=[[新潮社]] |date=1973-08-30 |isbn=978-4-10-313701-6 |ref={{SfnRef|谷口|1973}} }}
* {{Cite book|和書|author1=下宮忠雄|authorlink1=下宮忠雄 |author2=金子貞雄 |year=2006 |title=古アイスランド語入門 |publisher=[[大学書林]] |date=2006-01-30 |isbn=4-475-01872-2 |ref={{SfnRef|下宮|金子|2006}} }}

== 関連項目 ==
{{Commonscat|Yggdrasil}}
* [[北欧神話]] - [[九つの世界]]
* [[自然崇拝]]
** [[世界樹]] ({{sname||World tree}}) - [[イルミンスール]] ([[w:Irminsul|en]])
** [[トネリコ属#人間との関係]] - [[セイヨウトネリコ]]
* [[須弥山]]
* [[世界軸]]
* [[生命の木]] - [[生命の樹 (旧約聖書)]]
* [[天までとどく木]]（ハンガリー）
* [[扶桑]] - [[山海経]]に記されている、中国の東の海に生えているという世界樹。<span class="ltr">10</span>個の[[太陽]]が生っているとされる。

{{北欧神話}}

{{Normdaten}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:ゆくとらしる}}
[[Category:北欧神話の地名]]
[[Category:神話・伝説の木]]
[[Category:世界観]]
[[Category:比較神話学]]
[[Category:古ノルド語の語句]]

==  [[en:Yggdrasil]] extensions for international insertions in all wikipedias ==

=== Historical roots===
[[File:Ամանոր.gif|thumb|[[:en:Yule]] ([[:en:Names of Odin]]) Træet. Two times in edda that deers eating "barr" that can be translated with needles.<ref>Gerhard Köbler: ''Altnordisches Wörterbuch.'' 2. Auflage, 2003. [http://homepage.uibk.ac.at/~c30310/anwbhinw.html Online]</ref> Primary was yggdrasil before christmas tree today still used in scandinavia with god [[Thor]] bringing the presents in his goat car reason for straw goats. The christmas tree pebbles are standing for [[:en:Idun]]s ([[:en:pomegranate]]) apples of youth and [[:en:valknut]], [[:en:triquetta]], [[:en:odal rune]], [[:en:pentacles]] etc. can be added. In principle every tree can stand for yggdrasil but man was made from oak and woman from elm after edda<ref>http://www.archive.org/details/elderorpoeticedd01brayuoft.</ref>.]]
The historical roots of the nordic [[:en:world tree]] are going back to [[:en:indogermanic]] times, because the [[:en:world tree]] is owned by the fund of many indogermanic tribes:<ref>Jens Peter Schjødt: ''Weltenbaum.'' In: Heinrich Beck, Dieter Geuenich, Heiko Steuer (Hrsg.): ''Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde – Bd. 23.'' 2. Auflage. Verlag Walter de Gruyter, Berlin – New York 2006, S. 451–453 – Åke Viktor Ström, Haralds Biezais: ''Germanische und baltische Religion.'' Kohlhammer-Verlag, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 978-3-170-01157-1, S. 243. – John Arnott MacCulloch: ''Eddic.'' In: ''The Mythology Of All Races'' New York 1964, Bd. 2, S. 336</ref> Balten (the oak [[:en:Austras Koks]]), indians (the banyan tree [[:en:Ashvattha]]), persian ([[:en:Simurgh]] Tree) and slav – also the Tree of the [[:en:Hesperides#The Garden of the Hesperides|Hesperides]] of the Greeks. In this mythologies is most a bird of prey at the top and/or a snake on the roots. 
In the zircumpolar schamanistic cultures of the euro asiatic north similiar imaginations can be found of the world tree, like reported from yggdrasil. <ref>''Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde – Bd. 7.'' 2. Auflage. Verlag Walter de Gruyter, Berlin – New York 1989, ISBN 978-3-11-011445-4, S. 92.</ref>
The world tree is also represented in the mythologies and [[:en:folklore]] of [[:en:Northern Asia]] and [[:en:Siberia]]. In the mythology of the [[:en:Samoyedic peoples|Samoyeds]], the world tree connects different realities (underworld, this world, upper world) together. In their mythology the world tree is also the symbol of [[:en:Mother Nature|Mother Earth]] who is said to give the Samoyed [[:en:shaman]] his drum and also help him travel from one world to another.

The symbol of the world tree is also common in [[:en:Tengriism]], an ancient religion of [[:en:Mongols]] and [[:en:Turkic peoples]].

The world tree is visible in the designs of the [[:en:Crown of Silla]], [[:en:Silla]] being one of the [[:en:Three Kingdoms of Korea]]. This link is used to establish a connection between Siberian peoples and those of [[:en:Korea]].

Less deputized is that the christmas tree is reaching only backwards to 16 century and was coming from missionary overlaying in date of unknown jesus christ birth date on yggdrasil [[:en:yule]] still used in [[:en:Scandinavia]] not as christian symbol called Yula Træet.<ref>Jens Peter Schjødt: ''Weltenbaum.'' In: Heinrich Beck, Dieter Geuenich, Heiko Steuer (Hrsg.): ''Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde – Bd. 23.'' 2. Auflage. Verlag Walter de Gruyter, Berlin – New York 2006, S. 451–453</ref>

===[[:en:Etymology]]===
[[File:Die Nornen Urd, Werdanda, Skuld, unter der Welteiche Yggdrasil by Ludwig Burger.jpg|thumb|The [[:en:norns]] trio [[:en:Urðr]] (past), [[:en:Verðandi]] (present), and [[:en:Skuld]] (future) beneath the world tree Yggdrasil, at top of the tree giant [[:en:Hræsvelgr]] in form of an eagle producing wind with his wings sitting between the eyes of hawk [[:en:Veðrfölnir]], on the tree trunk slenderous squirrel [[:en:Ratatoskr]], and at the roots of the tree gnaws jealous dragon [[:en:Níðhöggr]]. At bottom left is well [[:en:Urðarbrunnr]]. If the tree starts quake or wilt end [[:en:Ragnarök]] is near. (1882) by [[:en:Ludwig Burger]].]]
[[File:Norns (1832) from Die Helden und Götter des Nordens, oder Das Buch der sagen.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Norns]] pouring three jars of fate on the roots same countries like three springs in paradise from ''Die Helden und Götter des Nordens, oder das Buch der Sagen'' (1832)]]
[[File:Irminsul.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Charlemagne]] destroys [[:en:Irminsul]](Yggdrasil) in the time of forced [[:en:christianisation]], [[:en:inquisition]] and [[:en:Capitulatio de partibus Saxoniae]]. Wall painting (1880) from Hermann Wislicenus in Kaiserpfalz Goslar.]]

The generally accepted meaning of Old Norse ''Yggdrasill'' is "Odin's horse". This conclusion is drawn on the basis that ''drasill'' means "horse" and ''Ygg(<span class="ltr">r</span>)'' is one of [[:en:List of names of Odin|Odin's many names]]. The ''Poetic Edda'' poem ''[[:en:Hávamál]]'' describes how Odin sacrificed himself to himself by hanging from a tree, making this tree Odin's [[:en:gallows]]. This tree may have been Yggdrasil. Gallows can be called "the horse of the hanged" and therefore Odin's [[:en:gallows]] may have developed into the expression "Odin's horse", which then became the name of the tree.<ref name=SIMEK375>Simek (2007:375).</ref>
Nevertheless, scholarly opinions regarding the precise meaning of the name ''Yggdrasill'' vary, particularly on the issue of whether ''Yggdrasill'' is the name of the tree itself. In the [[:en:Prose Edda]]<ref>http://www.archive.org/details/elderorpoeticedd01brayuoft.</ref> the tree is usually not just called ''Yggdrasil'' but ''askr Yggdrasils''. Old Norse ''askr'' means "ash tree" and according to the [[:en:Inflection| inflectional system]] of [[:en:Icelandic language]] ''askr Yggdrasils'' means "Yggdrasill's ash". [[:en:Icelandic language|Icelandic]] has the best preserved [[:en:Inflection|inflectional system]] of the Norse languages and the [[:en:Prose Edda]] was also written in old Icelandic. These etymologies do though rely on a [[:en:Linguistic reconstruction|presumed but unattested]] ''*Yggsdrasill''.<ref name=SIMEK375/>
A third interpretation, presented by F. Detter, is that the name ''Yggdrasill'' refers to the word ''yggr'' ("terror"), yet not in reference to the Odinic name, but rather as ''Yggdrasill'' as the "tree of terror, gallows". F. R. Schröder has proposed a fourth etymology according to which ''yggdrasill'' means "yew pillar", deriving ''yggia'' from ''*igwja'' (meaning "[[:en:Taxus baccata|yew-tree]]"), and ''drasill'' from ''*dher-'' (meaning "support").<ref name=SIMEK375/>

===Symbolic of Yggdrasil=== 
[[File:AM 738 4to Yggdrasill.png|thumb|160px|Yggdrasil in an icelandic hand writing of 17. century. Three big roots, one growing to [[:en:Jötunheim]] the coutry of giants where is also [[:en:Mimir]]s well. The other root is growing to misty [[:en:Niflheim]] near spring [[:en:Hvergelmir]], where jealous dragon ([[:en:Nidhöggr]]) gnaws on it. The third root is near [[:en:Asgard]]. Four deers [[:en:Dáinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr and Duraþrór]] eating away the buds. Two snakes [[:en:Goin]] and [[:en:Moin]] also gnawing on the roots.]]
Yggdrasil, the world tree, incarnates the creation at all: spacial, timely and in content. It is a [[:en:world tree]], because it stands in the center of the world and connecting all worlds together. As world axis ([[:en:axis mundi]]) it connects the three levels upper world(heaven), middle world(earth), and under world(hell) as a pillar of heaven. The [[:en:edda]] calls it also the gaugle(mjǫt) tree. The world reaches only so far as his branches and roots and the creation exists only as long as it exists: an ensign of [[:en:spacetime]]. Yggdrasil is also an ensign of life itself, and from decay and becoming, the renewal of life. The animals at the tree take from it´s life force, the three norns are sprinkling it with the holy water of [[:en:urðarbrunnr]] and donate to it always again new life force. Because yggdrasil´s life is renewed always again or because yggdrasil is evergreen, the world ash tree is also an ensign of immortality. Through odin´s self sacrifice yggdrasil becames also a sacrifice tree. Because odin is hanging himself at the tree, to reach the secret knowledge at the roots of yggdrasil, you can see also a knowlegde tree in yggdrasil, over it you can reach secret knowledge (runes).<ref>Mariko Namba Walter und Eva Jane Neumann Fridman: ''Shamanism – 2 Bd.e.'' 2004, ISBN 1-57607-645-8, Bd. 1, S. 263&nbsp;f. (Weltenbaum in schamanischen Kulturen) – Jens Peter Schjødt: ''Weltenbaum.'' In: Heinrich Beck, Dieter Geuenich, Heiko Steuer (Hrsg.): ''Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde – Bd. 23.'' 2. Auflage. Verlag Walter de Gruyter, Berlin – New York 2006, S. 451–453</ref>


===Structure of the levels of Yggdrasil=== 

'''1. Upper or heathen world''' 

* [[:en:Asgard]] (Asenheim): Gods dynasty homeland of the [[:en:æsir]]s. 
** [[Hlidskjalf]]: High sitting place of Allfather [[Odin]] in [[Valaskjalf]]
** [[:en:Fólkvangr]] (Field of folk) and [[:en:valhalla]] (hall for the deaths of honour). 
** [[:en:Vingólf]] (About friendly house): Place of [[:en:æsir]]s goddesses. 
** [[:en:Bifröst]]: The [[:en:Asgard]] and [[:en:Midgard]] connecting rainbow bridge. 
* [[:en:Vanaheimr ]] (Home of [[:en:vanir]]s): Homeland of gods dynasty of the [[:en:vanir]]s. 
* [[:en:Alfheimr|Liusalfheim]] (Light world of [[:en:elves]]): Homeland of [[:en:elves]] (light elves). 

'''2. Middle or earth world''' 

* [[:en:Midgard]] (Middle home land): Homeland of [[:en:human]]s. 
* [[:en:Jötunheim]] (Home of giants): Homeland of [[:en:giant]]s. 
** [[:en:Utgard]] (About outer world, space outside): Outer world. 
* [[:en:Muspelheim]]: Homeland of [[:en:fire giant]]s. 

'''3. Under or hell World''' 

* [[:en:Svartálfar and Svartálfaheimr]] (black [[:en:elves]] world): Homeland of [[:en:dwarf]] (mythologie)|[[:en:dwarf]]s]] (black [[:en:elves]]). 
* [[:en:Niflheim]] (Dark world): Homeland of ice giants, realm of ice, fog and darkness (polar night). 
** [[:en:Hvergelmir]] (The brewing kettle): Hell and spring of all rivers.
* [[:en:Hel (being)|Hel]] (About the concealed): Realm of the deaths. 
** Under world of the [[:en:æsir]]s at the river Æsir. 
** Himthusen (former times [[:en:Ginnungagap]]). 

===Yggdrasil in fairy tales (names maybe wrong original long time inside german WP yggdrasil now in history but maybe anybody knows sure the fairy tale names)===
In fairy tales a tree with golden apples, and sometimes even explicitly from the tree of life is the speech: Grimm's Fairy Tales # 17 The White Snake , No. 21 Cinderella , No. 24 Mother Holle , No. 29 The Devil with the Three Golden Hairs , No. 31 The Girl Without Hands , No. 47 from juniper tree , No. 53 Snow White , No. 57 The Golden Bird , No. 88 , the singing springing lark , No. 96 De three Vügelkens , No. 121 The king's son, who afraid of nothing , No. 130 One-Eye, Two-Eyes and Three ; Note to KHM 82 , 125 

===Modern influence===
[[File:Faroe stamp 431 The Norns and the Tree.jpg|thumb|Norns writing and interacting the fate at yggdrasil tree on [[:en:Färöer]] stamp by [[:en:Anker Eli Petersen]]]]

In modern times, Yggdrasil is sometimes depicted or referenced in modern popular culture. Modern works of art depicting Yggdrasil include ''Die Nornen'' (painting, 1888) by K. Ehrenberg; ''Yggdrasil'' ([[:en:fresco]], 1933) by Axel Revold, located in the [[:en:University of Oslo]] library auditorium in [[:en:Oslo]], [[:en:Norway]]; ''Hjortene beiter i løvet på Yggdrasil asken'' (wood [[:en:relief carving]], 1938) on the [[:en:Oslo City Hall]] by Dagfin Werenskjold; and the bronze relief on the doors of the [[:en:Swedish Museum of National Antiquities]] (around 1950) by B. Marklund in [[:en:Stockholm]], Sweden. Poems mentioning Yggdrasil include ''Vårdträdet'' by [[:en:Viktor Rydberg]] and ''Yggdrasill'' by J. Linke.<ref name=SIMEK376>Simek (2007:376). The tree is also referenced in the contemporary science fiction works of Dan Simmons (''Hyperion Cantos'') and is the name of a psychedelic trance DJ.</ref>
Many fantasy books, films and computer games are inspired by [[:en:german mythology]] and yggdrasil like [[:en:The Lord of the rings]], [[:en:Viking: Battle for Asgard]], [[:en:Yggdrasil Labyrinth]], [[:en:Mana (series)]] and [[:en:Oh My Goddess!]]. [[:en:Ygdrassil (musical group)]], Band Fallen Yggdrasil<ref>http://www.fallen-yggdrasil.de/</ref>, Game Yggdrasil<ref>http://www.spiele-offensive.de/Spiel/Yggdrasil-1010048.html</ref>, The sweden symphonic-metal-band [[:en:therion (band)|therion]] published 2001 a concert album, with a own song for every of the nine worlds of Yggdrasil. The sweden symphonic-metal-band [[:en:therion (band)|therion]] published 2001 a concert album, with a own song for every of the nine worlds of Yggdrasil and [[:en:Yggdrasil (album)]] by [[:en:Bump of Chicken]]. 
In the [[:en:Marvel Comics Universe]], Yggdrasil is depicted as a tree-like network of various worlds and planes of existence through which the [[:en:Asgard (comics)|Asgardians]] can travel to various locations including Asgard and Midgard (Earth). This version of the tree is featured in the [[:en:Marvel Cinematic Universe]] as a plot focus in the 2011 film adaptation ''[[:en:Thor (comics)|Thor]]''. 
It is also touched upon in the 2012 crossover film ''[[:en:The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]'' and will likely be featured in the 2013 sequel ''[[:en:Thor: The Dark World]]''. 
It is also highly featured in the series ''[[:en:The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel]]'' by Michael Scott.
In the book 'the alchemyst' by Michael Scott the Yggdrasil is one of two trees of that name. The first, serves as Hekate's home in her shadowrealm. The second is but mentioned to be Odin's.
In the novel "Hyperion" by Dan Simmons, the Yggdrasil is one of four miles-long Treeships in existence, and the spaceship on which the seven pilgrims to Hyperion are transported, under the command of "the true voice of the tree" Het Masteen and his Templar crew.
The [[:en:Warcraft]] universe contains several similarly named "World Trees" on the world of Azeroth: Nordrassil, Teldrassil and Vordrassil.
It was also featured as a setting in the novel [[:en:The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel|The Alchemyst]] by [[:en:Michael Scott (Irish author)|Michael Scott]].
Another more recent reference is in the six-part anime miniseries [[:en:Mnemosyne (anime)|''Rin: Daughters of Mnemosyne'']], where it is depicted as a massive tree that periodically appears and produces "time fruits," which, upon entering a woman's body, make them immortal.
===See also===
* [[:en:Germanic mythology]]
* [[:en:Germanic paganism]]
* [[:en:Modern Paganism]]
* [[:en:Heathenry (new religious movement)]]
* [[:en:Celtic neopaganism]]
* [[:en:Semitic neopaganism]]
* [[:en:Neo-Druidism]]
* [[:en:Wicca]]
* [[:en:Celtic polytheism]]
Symbolic Trees and Wheels Article List
* [[:en:Yggdrasil Day#Germanic]] (22 April), [[:en:Mímameiðr]], [[:en:Thor's Oak]], [[:en:Sacred tree at Uppsala]], [[:en:Tree of life]], [[:en:World tree]], [[:en:Irminsul]], [[:en:Christmas tree]] ([[:en:Yule]] tree), [[:en:Sephirot]], [[:en:Garden of Eden]], [[:en:Tree of life (biblical)]], [[:en:Tree of life (Quran)]], [[:en:Tree of the knowledge of good and evil]], [[:en:Tree of the Cross]], [[:en:World tree (Hungarian)|világfa]], Ağaç Ana in [[:en:Turkic mythology]], Modun in [[:en:Mongolian mythology]], the [[:en:Oak]] in [[:en:Slavic mythology|Slavic]] and [[:en:Finnish mythology]], Kien-Mu or Jian-Mu in [[:en:Chinese mythology]], [[:en:Tree of Jesse]], [[:en:Ashvattha]], Tree of the [[:en:Hesperides]], [[:en:Simurgh]] (Tree of Life), Holy Tree of Eridu in [[:en:Garden of the gods (Sumerian paradise)]], [[:en:Austras Koks]] (Tree of dawn), [[:en:Maypole]], [[:en:Bodhi Tree]] (Enlightment at view on tree of life and worlds), [[:en:Axis mundi]], [[:en:Bhavacakra]] and [[:en:Mandala]] (Wheel versus tree axis with life and worlds symbolic), [[:en:Mesoamerican world tree]], [[:en:Wacah Chan]] (World tree) and [[:en:Tree of Mana]].
More Yggdrasil Pictures, Music and Videos
* [https://de.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images;_ylt=A9mSs2INI8JWwJQAEGAzCQx.;_ylu=X3oDMTByZmVxM3N0BGNvbG8DaXIyBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBHNlYwNzYw--?p=Yggdrasil+Picture&fr=yfp-t-911]
* [https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=yggdrasil]

===Gallery===
<gallery>
File:yggdrasil.jpg|thumb|300px|From ''Northern Antiquities'', an English translation of the [[:en:Prose Edda]] from 1847. Painted by Oluf Olufsen Bagge.
File:Dolmatov World tree.png|thumb|300px|World tree. Russian ornament. 19th century.
File:Linköpings domkyrka 2012j.JPG|thumb|Linköpings domkyrka. Ljusträd. 22 April 2012
File:Russian World tree original.jpg|thumb|Russian world tree, 17th century
File:Lebensbaum Kruzifix.jpg|thumb|Lebensbaum Kruzifix
File:"Lebensbaum".JPG|thumb|Lebensbaum
File:Lebensbaum, Genien, Nimrud 870 v. Chr. Aegyptisches Museum, Muenchen-2.jpg|thumb|Lebensbaum, den zwei Genien mit Pinienzapfen befruchten, Nimrud, Nordwestpalast des Königs Assurnasirpal II., um 870 v. Chr., Mossulalabaster
File:Eisenerz - Wehrkirche hl Oswald - lutherscher Lebensbaum mit Eule.jpg|thumb|lutherscher Lebensbaum mit Eule
File:Aachen Rathaus Fresko des Krönungssaales (ZdS).jpg|thumb|Fresko at the Gothic Aachen Rathaus, Interior of Coronation Hall. Titel: "Demolition of Irminsul, the old Saxon great pillar" (device of Charlemagne)
File:NIBHAL7.jpg|humb|:de:Nibelungenhalle|Hall of [[:en:nibelungs]] - Curtain at entry area from August Wilckens: Three norns at the world ash Yggdrasil spinning the threads of fate
File:Nornorna spinner ödets trådar vid Yggdrasil.jpg|The Norns spin their tapestry at the roots of Yggdrasil by [[:en:Urðarbrunnr]]. L. B. Hansen (1893)
File:WhiteTreeofLife2002.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Tree of Life (White)]] by Nancy Metz White, 2002 
File:Shaki khan palace interier.jpg|thumb|The Tree of Immortality, [[:en:Palace of Shaki Khans]], [[:en:Azerbaijan]]
File:Hindukailash.JPG|thumb[[:en:Mount Kailash]], depicting the holy family: [[:en:Shiva]] and [[:en:Parvati]], cradling [[:en:Murugan|Skanda]] with [[:en:Ganesha]] by Shiva's side
File:Dolmatov World tree.png|thumb|World tree. Russian ornament. 19th century.
File:Yggdrasil - by Jeroen van Valkenburg.PNG|thumb|Yggdrasil, the cosmic tree of the Heathen theology. It is a symbol of the universal spirit of the Deity that pervades all the matter of the cosmos. [http://www.jeroenvanvalkenburg.nl/ Jeroen van Valkenburg] (2005) 
File:Holografisches Lichtbild Effektbeispiel Ungarischer Goldener Lebensbaum.jpg|thumb|Holographic Lightpainting": Smoenjala's painting "Golden Lifetree" in different lighting conditions, 2014
File:IranTaqIBustanLebensbaum.jpg|thumb|Taq-i-Bustan, [[:en:sassanian]] life tree
File:Klimt - Werkvorlage zum Stocletfries - Der Lebensbaum3.jpg |thumb|Tree of life, [[:en:Gustav Klimt]] (1862-1918)
File:Teppich-Museum Oelsnitz 05.jpg|thumb|Life tree tapestry [http://www.schloss-voigtsberg.de/museen/teppichmuseum.html Teppich-Museum Schloss Voigtsberg (1920)]
File:KaratepeMuseum.jpg|thumb|Orthostat from Domuztepe, museum Karatepe near Osmaniye, south turkey
File:Breinig-St.Barbara277.JPG|thumb|Lead glas window in side ship of catholic church from Clemens Winkhold (1888)
File:TreeOfLive wNo.png|thumb|[[:en:Tree of life (Kabbalah)]] with numbers for [[:en:sephirot]] and paths
File:2011-07-22-115014 - Val Lumnezia - Tal des Lichtes - Kirche in Lumbrein.jpg|thumb|Life tree Baselgia catolica Sogn Martin
File:GS Keltenbaum02.jpg|thumb|Life tree self made by celts
File:Russian World tree.gif|thumb|Russian wolrd tree (17th century) [http://www.booksite.ru/enciklopedia/faith/index.htm russian encyclopedia]
File:Concordienkirche Mannheim 03.jpg|thumb|Yggdrasil Event in so called Odin`s Church without fixed christian symbolic just [[:en:irminsul]] pillars and on top Odin`s cross window. [[:de:Konkordienkirche (Mannheim)|Konkordienkirche (Mannheim)]]
File:Concordienkirche Mannheim 04.jpg|thumb|Combined with background [[:en:celtic cross]]. [[:de:Konkordienkirche (Mannheim)|Konkordienkirche (Mannheim)]]
File:Ccross.svg|100px|thumb|The [[:en:Celtic cross]].
File:Norse cosmology.svg|thumb|Norse cosmology
File:Wheel of the Year.JPG|thumb|A painted Wheel of the Year at the [[:en:Museum of Witchcraft]], [[:en:Boscastle]], Cornwall, England, displaying all eight of the Sabbats.
File:Heathen holidays.png|thumb|Heathen holidays with [[:en:Yggdrasil Day#Germanic|Yggdrasil Day]] (22 April)
</gallery>