|
removed blacklisted links. also slight copy-editing
|
No edit summary
|
||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
|related =other [[Turkic people]] |
|related =other [[Turkic people]] |
||
}} |
}} |
||
The '''Altay''' or '''Altai''' are a [[Turkic peoples|Turkic people]] living in the [[ |
The '''Altay''' or '''Altai''' are a [[Turkic peoples|Turkic people]] living in the [[Altai Republic]] and [[Altai Krai]] of [[Northern indigenous peoples of Russia|Siberia]]. For alternative ethnonyms see also [[Teleut]], [[Tiele people|Tele]], [[Telengit]], [[Qarai Turks|Black Tatar]], and [[Oirats]]. The Altaians are presented by two ethnographic groups: |
||
*The Northern Altaians include the [[Tubalar]] (the Tuba-Kizhi), the [[Chelkans]], the [[Kumandin]], the [[Shors]] |
*The Northern Altaians include the [[Tubalar]] (the Tuba-Kizhi), the [[Chelkans]], the [[Kumandin]], the [[Shors]] |
||
*The Southern Altaians include the Altaian (the [[Altai-Kizhi]]), the [[Teleut]], the [[Tiele people|Teles]], the [[Telengit]] |
*The Southern Altaians include the Altaian (the [[Altai-Kizhi]]), the [[Teleut]], the [[Tiele people|Teles]], the [[Telengit]] |
||
Altay ethnic flag, adopted by Russia as the official flag of the Altai Republic.
| |
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
 Russia
| 74,238[1] |
| Languages | |
| Altay, Russian | |
| Religion | |
| Shamanism, Burkhanism, Russian Orthodox | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| other Turkic people | |
The AltayorAltai are a Turkic people living in the Altai Republic and Altai KraiofSiberia. For alternative ethnonyms see also Teleut, Tele, Telengit, Black Tatar, and Oirats. The Altaians are presented by two ethnographic groups:
The Northern and Southern Altayans formed in the Altay area on the basis of tribes of Kimek-Kipchaks.[2][3]
The Altaians were annexed by the Four Oirat of Western Mongols in the 16th century. The Mongols called them "Telengid"or"Telengid aimag" in period of the Northern Yuan dynasty. After the fall of the Zunghar Khanate in the 18th century, the Altaians were subjugated by the Qing Dynasty. That court referred to them as Altan Nuur Uriyangkhai.[4] But Altaians are not genetically related to the Uriyangkhai, which is a distinct neighbouring Oirat-Mongol ethnic group in Mongolia.
The Altay came into contact with Russians in the 18th century. In the tsarist period, the Altay were known as oirotoroyrot (this name means oirat and would later be carried on for the Oyrot Autonomous Oblast). The Altay report that many of them became addicted to the Russians' vodka, which they called "fire water".[5]
In regard to religion, some of the Altay remain Shamanists, while others (in a trend beginning in the mid-19th century) have converted to the Russian Orthodox Church. The Altai mission was developed under Saint Makarii Glukharev († 1847), known as the 'Apostle to the Altai'.[citation needed] In 1904, a religious movement called Ak Jang or Burkhanism arose among these people.[6]
Prior to 1917 the Altai were considered to be made up of many different ethnic groups.[7]
With the rise of the 1917 revolution, the Altay attempted to make their region a separate Burkhanist republic called Oyrot. Their support for the Mensheviks during the Civil War led to the venture's collapse after the Bolshevik victory and the later rise of Joseph Stalin. In the 1940s, during World War II and when he was directing numerous purges, his government declared the Altay of being pro-Japanese. The word "oyrot" was declared to be counterrevolutionary. By 1950, Soviet industrialization policies and development in this area resulted in considerable migration of Russians to this republic, reducing the proportion of Altay in the total population from 50% to 20%.[8] In the early 21st century, ethnic Altaians make up about 31% of the Altai Republic's population.[9]
According to the 2010 Russian census, there was a total of 69,963 Altaians who resided within the Altai Republic. This represented 34.5% of the total population of the republic, compared with 56.6% with a Russian background, Altaian families are the majority only in certain villages. However, Altaian culture is still the local culture between people and communities.
Template:Northern indigenous peoples of Russia
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peoples |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Others |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diasporas |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 Central Asian (i.e. Turkmeni, Afghani and Iranian) Turkmens, distinct from Levantine (i.e. Iraqi and Syrian) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. 2 In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former Ottoman territories). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
