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{{Events by month|1974}} |
{{Events by month|1974}} |
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{{calendar|year=1974|month=April}} |
{{calendar|year=1974|month=April}} |
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| ⚫ | [[File:A tornado funnel is shown moving through Xenia.jpg|350px|thumb|left|April 3, 1974: Tornadoes kill 319 people in U.S. and Canada, and 36 in [[Xenia, Ohio]] (pictured)]] |
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| ⚫ | [[File:Revolução dos Cravos.jpg|250px|thumb|April 25, 1974: "Carnation Revolution" overthrows right-wing dictatorship of Portugal after 41 years]] |
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The following events occurred in '''April 1974''': |
The following events occurred in '''April 1974''': |
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== [[April 3]], 1974 (Wednesday) == |
== [[April 3]], 1974 (Wednesday) == |
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*A system of 148 confirmed [[tornado|tornadoes]] [[1974 Super Outbreak|killed 319 people and injured 5,484 others]] in 13 of the U.S. states (Alabama, Kentucky, Indiana, Tennessee, Ohio, Georgia, North Carolina, Illinois, Michigan, Virginia and West Virginia) and the Canadian province of Ontario.<ref>{{cite news |title=At Least 237 Killed as Twisters Rip Midwest, South and Canada |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 4, 1974 |page=I-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Twister Toll at 310; Thousands Seek Aid=Los Angeles Times |date=April 5, 1974 |page=I-1}}</ref> Hardest hit was the city of [[Xenia, Ohio]], where [[1974 Xenia tornado|36 residents were killed]] after the tornado struck at 4:40 p.m. local time. Other areas struck were [[Brandenburg, Kentucky]] (31 dead) and [[Guin, Alabama]] (28 dead). The area in and around [[Tanner, Alabama]], was struck by two tornadoes 30 minutes apart, killing 44 people. |
*A system of 148 confirmed [[tornado|tornadoes]] [[1974 Super Outbreak|killed 319 people and injured 5,484 others]] in 13 of the U.S. states (Alabama, Kentucky, Indiana, Tennessee, Ohio, Georgia, North Carolina, Illinois, Michigan, Virginia and West Virginia) and the Canadian province of Ontario.<ref>{{cite news |title=At Least 237 Killed as Twisters Rip Midwest, South and Canada |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 4, 1974 |page=I-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Twister Toll at 310; Thousands Seek Aid=Los Angeles Times |date=April 5, 1974 |page=I-1}}</ref> Hardest hit was the city of [[Xenia, Ohio]], where [[1974 Xenia tornado|36 residents were killed]] after the tornado struck at 4:40 p.m. local time. Other areas struck were [[Brandenburg, Kentucky]] (31 dead) and [[Guin, Alabama]] (28 dead). The area in and around [[Tanner, Alabama]], was struck by two tornadoes 30 minutes apart, killing 44 people. |
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*The [[1973–74 FIBA European Champions Cup|FIBA European Champions Cup]], emblematic of the [[professional basketball]] championship of Europe, was won by Spain's [[Real Madrid Baloncesto]] in an 84 to 82 defeat of Italy's [[Pallacanestro Varese]] in a final before a sellout crowd at the [[Palais des Sports de Beaulieu]] in France. [[Wayne Brabender]] was the high scorer for Madrid with 28 points while [[Bob Morse]] of Varese had 24 points.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pearlbasket.altervista.org/CC74.htm |title=Champions Cup 1973–74 |website=Pearlbasket.org}}</ref> |
*The [[1973–74 FIBA European Champions Cup|FIBA European Champions Cup]], emblematic of the [[professional basketball]] championship of Europe, was won by Spain's [[Real Madrid Baloncesto]] in an 84 to 82 defeat of Italy's [[Pallacanestro Varese]] in a final before a sellout crowd at the [[Palais des Sports de Beaulieu]] in France. [[Wayne Brabender]] was the high scorer for Madrid with 28 points while [[Bob Morse]] of Varese had 24 points.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pearlbasket.altervista.org/CC74.htm |title=Champions Cup 1973–74 |website=Pearlbasket.org}}</ref> |
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*In Northern Ireland, the 1966 ban against the [[Ulster Volunteer Force]] was lifted by order of [[Merlyn Rees]], [[Secretary of State for Northern Ireland]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Peter |last=Taylor |author-link=Peter Taylor (journalist) |title=Loyalists: War and Peace in Northern Ireland |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |year=1999 |page=124}}</ref> |
*In Northern Ireland, the 1966 ban against the [[Ulster Volunteer Force]] was lifted by order of [[Merlyn Rees]], [[Secretary of State for Northern Ireland]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Peter |last=Taylor |author-link=Peter Taylor (journalist) |title=Loyalists: War and Peace in Northern Ireland |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |year=1999 |page=124}}</ref> |
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*The crash of a Wenela Air Services flight in southern Africa killed 78 of the 84 people on board. The Douglas DC-4 went down shortly after takeoff from [[Francistown]] in [[Botswana]] after departing toward [[Blantyre]] in [[Malawi]].<ref>[https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19740404-0 Aviation Safety Database]</ref> Most of the dead were Malawian gold miners who were returning home.<ref>{{cite news |title=Miners' Plane Crashes; 77 Die |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 5, 1974 |page=I-2}}</ref> |
*The crash of a Wenela Air Services flight in southern Africa killed 78 of the 84 people on board. The Douglas DC-4 went down shortly after takeoff from [[Francistown]] in [[Botswana]] after departing toward [[Blantyre]] in [[Malawi]].<ref>[https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19740404-0 Aviation Safety Database]</ref> Most of the dead were Malawian gold miners who were returning home.<ref>{{cite news |title=Miners' Plane Crashes; 77 Die |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 5, 1974 |page=I-2}}</ref> |
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*In [[Cincinnati]], baseball player [[Hank Aaron]] of the [[1974 Atlanta Braves season|Atlanta Braves]] hit his 714th home run on the first swing of his bat to open the 1974 Major League Baseball season and tied the career record set by [[Babe Ruth]], in a 7 to 6 loss to the [[1974 Cincinnati Reds season|Cincinnati Reds]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Aaron Hits 714th Home Run to Tie Babe Ruth's Record |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 5, 1974 |page=I-1}}</ref> While the Braves wanted to keep him out of the opening three-game series against the Reds so that the record could be tied and broken at home in Atlanta, [[Commissioner of Baseball]] [[Bowie Kuhn]] had ruled that Aaron was required to play at least two of the three Cincinnati games. On April 7, Aaron came up to bat three times in a 5 to 3 win over the Reds, striking out twice and grounding out once.<ref>{{cite news |title=No. 715 Still Is a Swing Away— Henry Aaron plays, as ordered, but strikes out twice, grounds out in 5–3 victory over Reds |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 8, 1974 |page=III-1}}</ref> |
*In [[Cincinnati]], baseball player [[Hank Aaron]] of the [[1974 Atlanta Braves season|Atlanta Braves]] hit his 714th home run on the first swing of his bat to open the 1974 [[Major League Baseball]] season and tied the career record set by [[Babe Ruth]], in a 7 to 6 loss to the [[1974 Cincinnati Reds season|Cincinnati Reds]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Aaron Hits 714th Home Run to Tie Babe Ruth's Record |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 5, 1974 |page=I-1}}</ref> While the Braves wanted to keep him out of the opening three-game series against the Reds so that the record could be tied and broken at home in Atlanta, [[Commissioner of Baseball]] [[Bowie Kuhn]] had ruled that Aaron was required to play at least two of the three Cincinnati games. On April 7, Aaron came up to bat three times in a 5 to 3 win over the Reds, striking out twice and grounding out once.<ref>{{cite news |title=No. 715 Still Is a Swing Away— Henry Aaron plays, as ordered, but strikes out twice, grounds out in 5–3 victory over Reds |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 8, 1974 |page=III-1}}</ref> |
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*Women in Jordan were granted the right to vote in elections for the first time. However, the suspension of parliamentary democracy prevented the right of suffrage from being exercised except in local elections. |
*Women in Jordan were granted the right to vote in elections for the first time. However, the suspension of parliamentary democracy prevented the right of suffrage from being exercised except in local elections. |
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*[[1974 Gilbert and Ellice Islands general election|Voting was held for 28 of the 31 seats]] of the new House of Assembly of the British colony of the [[Gilbert and Ellice Islands]], now the nations of [[Kiribati]] (Gilbert Islands) and [[Tuvalu]] (Ellice Islands). |
*[[1974 Gilbert and Ellice Islands general election|Voting was held for 28 of the 31 seats]] of the new House of Assembly of the British colony of the [[Gilbert and Ellice Islands]], now the nations of [[Kiribati]] (Gilbert Islands) and [[Tuvalu]] (Ellice Islands). |
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*[[Hank Aaron]] of the [[1974 Atlanta Braves season|Atlanta Braves]] hit his 715th career home run in a 7 to 4 win over the [[1974 Los Angeles Dodgers season|Los Angeles Dodgers]], breaking the record held by [[Babe Ruth]] since Ruth's retirement in 1935.<ref>{{cite news |title=Aaron Belts 715th on First Swing to Break Ruth's Mark |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 9, 1974 |page=I-1}}</ref> Earlier in the game, Aaron had broken another mark set by another Hall of Fame player, [[Willie Mays]]'s National League record of 2,062 runs scored in a career. Aaron would retire in 1976 with a career record of 755 home runs. |
*[[Hank Aaron]] of the [[1974 Atlanta Braves season|Atlanta Braves]] hit his 715th career home run in a 7 to 4 win over the [[1974 Los Angeles Dodgers season|Los Angeles Dodgers]], breaking the record held by [[Babe Ruth]] since Ruth's retirement in 1935.<ref>{{cite news |title=Aaron Belts 715th on First Swing to Break Ruth's Mark |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 9, 1974 |page=I-1}}</ref> Earlier in the game, Aaron had broken another mark set by another Hall of Fame player, [[Willie Mays]]'s National League record of 2,062 runs scored in a career. Aaron would retire in 1976 with a career record of 755 home runs. |
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*U.S. President Richard Nixon signed legislation raising the [[Minimum wage in the United States|federal minimum wage]], effective May 1, 1974, from $1.60/hour to $2.00/hour, to reach $2.10/hour in 1975 and $2.30 in 1976.<ref>{{cite news |title=President Signs Bill Increasing Minimum Pay to $2.30 by 1976 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 9, 1974 |page=I-5}}</ref><ref>[https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/minimum-wage/history/chart "History of Federal Minimum Wage Rates Under the Fair Labor Standards Act, 1938 – 2009"], U.S. Department of Labor</ref> |
*U.S. President Richard Nixon signed legislation raising the [[Minimum wage in the United States|federal minimum wage]], effective May 1, 1974, from $1.60/hour to $2.00/hour, to reach $2.10/hour in 1975 and $2.30 in 1976.<ref>{{cite news |title=President Signs Bill Increasing Minimum Pay to $2.30 by 1976 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 9, 1974 |page=I-5}}</ref><ref>[https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/minimum-wage/history/chart "History of Federal Minimum Wage Rates Under the Fair Labor Standards Act, 1938 – 2009"], U.S. Department of Labor</ref> |
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*In [[France]], ''[[Socialist Party (France)|Parti socialiste]]'' Chairman [[François Mitterrand]] and incumbent Finance Minister [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]] filed on the same day to be candidates for [[1974 French presidential election|the May 5 presidential election]]. Giscard became the third member of the [[Gaullist Party]] (officially the ''[[Union of Democrats for the Republic|Union des Démocrates pour la République]]'' or UDR) to enter the race, after former Prime Minister [[Jacques Chaban-Delmas]] and [[National Assembly (France)|Assemblée nationale]] president [[Edgar Faure]]. |
*In [[France]], ''[[Socialist Party (France)|Parti socialiste]]'' Chairman [[François Mitterrand]] and incumbent Finance Minister [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]] filed on the same day to be candidates for [[1974 French presidential election|the May 5 presidential election]]. Giscard became the third member of the [[Gaullist Party]] (officially the ''[[Union of Democrats for the Republic|Union des Démocrates pour la République]]'' or UDR) to enter the race, after former Prime Minister [[Jacques Chaban-Delmas]] and [[National Assembly (France)|Assemblée nationale]] president [[Edgar Faure]]. Mitterrand was endorsed as well by the [[French Communist Party|Parti communiste français]] (PCF) and the ''[[Unified Socialist Party (France)|Parti socialiste unifié]]''(PSU), both of which announced that they would not field a separate candidate. Giscard declared his candidacy in the town of [[Chamalières]], where he was Mayor in addition to being Finance Minister. <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-two-more-frenchmen/138858135/ |title=Two More Frenchmen in Presidential Race – Giscard d'Estaing Becomes 3rd Gaullist to Enter; Mitterrand Has Leftist Backing |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 9, 1974 |page=I-18 |place=Paris |agency=AP |access-date=2024-01-16 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Faure dropped out of the race after Giscard's entrance. |
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*The U.S. Senate voted, 55 to 21, to make the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November— election day in the United States— as a paid federal holiday in even-numbered years, starting in 1976. The measure came as a bipartisan amendment offered by Republican [[Barry Goldwater]] and Democrat [[Hubert H. Humphrey]], both of whom had lost presidential elections in 1964 and 1968, respectively.<ref>{{cite news |title=Election Day Voted as Holiday by Senate |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 9, 1974 |page=I-1}}</ref> Despite passing the Senate, however, the bill did not make it to a vote in the U.S. House of Representatives. |
*The U.S. Senate voted, 55 to 21, to make the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November— election day in the United States— as a paid federal holiday in even-numbered years, starting in 1976. The measure came as a bipartisan amendment offered by Republican [[Barry Goldwater]] and Democrat [[Hubert H. Humphrey]], both of whom had lost presidential elections in 1964 and 1968, respectively.<ref>{{cite news |title=Election Day Voted as Holiday by Senate |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 9, 1974 |page=I-1}}</ref> Despite passing the Senate, however, the bill did not make it to a vote in the U.S. House of Representatives. |
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*'''Born:''' [[Chris Kyle]], American [[sniper]] for the [[United States Navy SEALs|U.S. Navy SEALs]], later a best-selling author; in [[Odessa, Texas]]. In the course of his career, he had 160 confirmed kills of targets between 2003 and 2009 during the [[Iraq War]]. Kyle was [[Murders of Chris Kyle and Chad Littlefield|shot and killed with his own .45 caliber pistol]] by another retired Navy SEAL in 2013. |
*'''Born:''' [[Chris Kyle]], American [[sniper]] for the [[United States Navy SEALs|U.S. Navy SEALs]], later a best-selling author; in [[Odessa, Texas]]. In the course of his career, he had 160 confirmed kills of targets between 2003 and 2009 during the [[Iraq War]]. Kyle was [[Murders of Chris Kyle and Chad Littlefield|shot and killed with his own .45 caliber pistol]] by another retired Navy SEAL in 2013. |
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== [[April 15]], 1974 (Monday) == |
== [[April 15]], 1974 (Monday) == |
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*A [[1974 Nigerien coup d'état|coup d'etat]] led by Lieutenant Colonel [[Seyni Kountché]] overthrew the government of the West African nation of [[Niger]] and its first president, [[Hamani Diori]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Election Bodes Ill for Sikkim King and Queen |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 15, 1974 |page=III-17}}</ref> As the second President of Niger, Kountché would rule for 13 years until his death in 1987.<ref name=1974Niger>{{cite journal |title=The 1974 Coup d'État in Niger: Towards an Explanation |first1=Richard |last1=Higgott |first2=Finn |last2=Fuglestad |author2-link=Finn Fuglestad |journal=[[Journal of Modern African Studies]] |date=September 1975 |pages=383–398}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Army Coup Topples Government In Black African Nation of Niger |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 16, 1974 |page=I-13}}</ref> |
*A [[1974 Nigerien coup d'état|coup d'etat]] led by Lieutenant Colonel [[Seyni Kountché]] overthrew the government of the West African nation of [[Niger]] and its first president, [[Hamani Diori]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Election Bodes Ill for Sikkim King and Queen |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 15, 1974 |page=III-17}}</ref> As the second President of Niger, Kountché would rule for 13 years until his death in 1987.<ref name=1974Niger>{{cite journal |title=The 1974 Coup d'État in Niger: Towards an Explanation |first1=Richard |last1=Higgott |first2=Finn |last2=Fuglestad |author2-link=Finn Fuglestad |journal=[[Journal of Modern African Studies]] |date=September 1975 |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=383–398|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00052332 |s2cid=155017564 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Army Coup Topples Government In Black African Nation of Niger |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 16, 1974 |page=I-13}}</ref> |
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*Voters in the tiny Himalayan mountain kingdom of [[Sikkim]] went to the polls [[1974 Sikkimese general election|for the first, and last democratic election in the nation]] to select a [[State Council (Sikkim)|32-member assembly]] from 121 candidates.<ref>{{cite news |title=Election Bodes Ill for Sikkim King and Queen |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 15, 1974 |page=III-17}}</ref> After runoff elections on April 22 for 18 seats where no candidate had won a majority, the Sikkim Congress Party, won a majority of the votes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sikkim Voters End Rule by Divine Right |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 23, 1974 |page=I-17}}</ref> |
*Voters in the tiny Himalayan mountain kingdom of [[Sikkim]] went to the polls [[1974 Sikkimese general election|for the first, and last democratic election in the nation]] to select a [[State Council (Sikkim)|32-member assembly]] from 121 candidates.<ref>{{cite news |title=Election Bodes Ill for Sikkim King and Queen |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 15, 1974 |page=III-17}}</ref> After runoff elections on April 22 for 18 seats where no candidate had won a majority, the Sikkim Congress Party, won a majority of the votes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sikkim Voters End Rule by Divine Right |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 23, 1974 |page=I-17}}</ref> |
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*[[Ivor Bell]], the leader of the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] terrorist group in [[Northern Ireland]], walked out of [[Maze Prison]] in [[Belfast]], only seven weeks after he had been captured.<ref>{{cite news |title=IRA chief escapes from jail— Guards bluffed by parole switch |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=April 16, 1974 |page=1}}</ref> Bell took a release order from, and posed as, another prisoner, Jimmy Walsh,<ref>{{cite news |title=Man in Jail Swap 'Tied and Beaten' |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=April 29, 1974 |page=1}}</ref> who was being given a four-day furlough for a scheduled wedding. Bell was recaptured 13 days later.<ref>{{cite news |title=IRA chief Ivor Bell is recaptured |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=April 29, 1974 |page=1}}</ref> |
*[[Ivor Bell]], the leader of the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] terrorist group in [[Northern Ireland]], walked out of [[Maze Prison]] in [[Belfast]], only seven weeks after he had been captured.<ref>{{cite news |title=IRA chief escapes from jail— Guards bluffed by parole switch |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=April 16, 1974 |page=1}}</ref> Bell took a release order from, and posed as, another prisoner, Jimmy Walsh,<ref>{{cite news |title=Man in Jail Swap 'Tied and Beaten' |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=April 29, 1974 |page=1}}</ref> who was being given a four-day furlough for a scheduled wedding. Bell was recaptured 13 days later.<ref>{{cite news |title=IRA chief Ivor Bell is recaptured |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=April 29, 1974 |page=1}}</ref> |
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== [[April 16]], 1974 (Tuesday) == |
== [[April 16]], 1974 (Tuesday) == |
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[[File:Aspirin1.jpg|150px|thumb|"Push down and turn to open"]] |
[[File:Aspirin1.jpg|150px|thumb|"Push down and turn to open"]] |
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*In the U.S., a federal law took effect requiring that nearly all prescription medicines from pharmacies would be distributed in bottles with [[child-resistant packaging|"child-proof" caps]]. The law made exceptions, including for medicines that needed to be used quickly. The legislation followed reports<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-april-16-1974-c/133014019/ "Child-Proof Bottle for Drugs to Be Required— Law Effective Tuesday"], ''Los Angeles Times'', April 14, 1974, p.I-13</ref> |
*In the U.S., a federal law took effect requiring that nearly all prescription medicines from pharmacies would be distributed in bottles with [[child-resistant packaging|"child-proof" caps]]. The law made exceptions, including for medicines that needed to be used quickly. The legislation followed reports of accidents involving children opening household packaging and ingesting the contents.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-april-16-1974-c/133014019/ "Child-Proof Bottle for Drugs to Be Required— Law Effective Tuesday"], ''Los Angeles Times'', April 14, 1974, p.I-13</ref> |
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*The British rock band [[Queen (band)|Queen]] played their first concert in the United States, appearing at the auditorium at [[Regis University]] in [[Denver]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theknow.denverpost.com/2018/11/05/queen-bohemian-rhapsody-first-us-show-denver/200342/|title=Queen's first U.S. performance was right here in Denver|date=November 5, 2018|website=Denver Post}}</ref> |
*The British rock band [[Queen (band)|Queen]] played their first concert in the United States, appearing at the auditorium at [[Regis University]] in [[Denver]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theknow.denverpost.com/2018/11/05/queen-bohemian-rhapsody-first-us-show-denver/200342/|title=Queen's first U.S. performance was right here in Denver|date=November 5, 2018|website=Denver Post}}</ref> |
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*'''Born:''' [[Xu Jinglei]], Chinese film actress and director, known for starring in ''[[Spring Subway]]'' and directing ''[[My Father and I]]''; in [[Beijing]] |
*'''Born:''' [[Xu Jinglei]], Chinese film actress and director, known for starring in ''[[Spring Subway]]'' and directing ''[[My Father and I]]''; in [[Beijing]] |
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**[[Frank McGee (journalist)|Frank McGee]], 52, American TV journalist and co-host of the NBC ''[[Today (American TV program)|Today]]'' show since 1971, died of [[multiple myeloma]] six days after his last newscast.<ref>{{cite news |title=Frank McGee, Host of TV's Today Show, Dies |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 18, 1974 |page=I-10}}</ref> |
**[[Frank McGee (journalist)|Frank McGee]], 52, American TV journalist and co-host of the NBC ''[[Today (American TV program)|Today]]'' show since 1971, died of [[multiple myeloma]] six days after his last newscast.<ref>{{cite news |title=Frank McGee, Host of TV's Today Show, Dies |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 18, 1974 |page=I-10}}</ref> |
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**[[Blossom Seeley]] (stage name for Minnie Guyer), 87, American singer and dancer billed as the "Queen of Syncopation"<ref>{{cite news |title=Blossom Seeley, Vaudevillian, Is Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/04/18/archives/blossom-seeley-vaudevillian-is-dead |work=The New York Times |date=April 18, 1974 |page=44}}</ref> |
**[[Blossom Seeley]] (stage name for Minnie Guyer), 87, American singer and dancer billed as the "Queen of Syncopation"<ref>{{cite news |title=Blossom Seeley, Vaudevillian, Is Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/04/18/archives/blossom-seeley-vaudevillian-is-dead |work=The New York Times |date=April 18, 1974 |page=44}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | **[[Vincent Taylor (musician)|Vinnie Taylor]] (stage name for Christopher H. Donald), 25, guitarist for the group [[Sha Na Na]], was found in a motel at [[Charlottesville, Virginia]], dead of an accidental heroin overdose, two days after a concert at the University of Virginia.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1974/04/21/archives/vinnie-taylor-25-guitarist-for-shanana-found-dead.html?_r=0 "Vinnie Taylor, 25, Guitarist For Sha-Na-Na, Found Dead"], ''The New York Times'', April 21, 1974, p.52</ref> |
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== [[April 18]], 1974 (Thursday) == |
== [[April 18]], 1974 (Thursday) == |
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*'''Died:''' |
*'''Died:''' |
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**General [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]], 66, [[List of heads of state of Pakistan|President of Pakistan]] from 1958 to 1969<ref>{{cite news |title=Pakistan's Ayub Khan Dies at 67 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 21, 1974 |page=I-8}}</ref> |
**General [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]], 66, [[List of heads of state of Pakistan|President of Pakistan]] from 1958 to 1969<ref>{{cite news |title=Pakistan's Ayub Khan Dies at 67 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 21, 1974 |page=I-8}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | **[[Vincent Taylor (musician)|Vinnie Taylor]] (stage name for Christopher H. Donald), 25, guitarist for the group [[Sha Na Na]], was found in a motel at [[Charlottesville, Virginia]], dead of an accidental heroin overdose, two days after a concert at the University of Virginia.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1974/04/21/archives/vinnie-taylor-25-guitarist-for-shanana-found-dead.html?_r=0 "Vinnie Taylor, 25, Guitarist For Sha-Na-Na, Found Dead"], ''The New York Times'', April 21, 1974, p.52</ref> |
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**Major [[Stephen Price (RAF officer)|Stephen Price]], 80, British Royal Air Force officer and flying ace in World War I. |
**Major [[Stephen Price (RAF officer)|Stephen Price]], 80, British Royal Air Force officer and flying ace in World War I. |
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*All 107 passengers and crew on [[Pan Am Flight 812]] were killed in a crash in [[Indonesia]] when the Boeing 707 crashed into the side of a mountain while approaching [[Denpasar]] as a stop on a flight from [[Hong Kong]] to [[Sydney]] in [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Most of 107 on Pan Am Jet Reported Dead in Bali Crash |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 23, 1974 |page=I-1}}</ref><ref>[https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19740422-0 Aviation Safety Database]</ref> The remains of all the non-Asian victims were cremated, while those of Westerners, including 28 Americans, were buried in a mass grave.<ref>{{cite news |title=The World |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 30, 1974 |page=I-1}}</ref> |
*All 107 passengers and crew on [[Pan Am Flight 812]] were killed in a crash in [[Indonesia]] when the Boeing 707 crashed into the side of a mountain while approaching [[Denpasar]] as a stop on a flight from [[Hong Kong]] to [[Sydney]] in [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Most of 107 on Pan Am Jet Reported Dead in Bali Crash |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 23, 1974 |page=I-1}}</ref><ref>[https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19740422-0 Aviation Safety Database]</ref> The remains of all the non-Asian victims were cremated, while those of Westerners, including 28 Americans, were buried in a mass grave.<ref>{{cite news |title=The World |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 30, 1974 |page=I-1}}</ref> |
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*A group of five employees at "The Hi-Fi Shop", a home audio store in [[Ogden, Utah]], were taken hostage by six robbers and tortured. [[Hi-Fi murders|One man and two women were brutally murdered]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Holdup Men Torture, Shoot 5 Utah Victims |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 24, 1974 |page=I-8}}</ref> Three active duty airmen of the U.S. Air Force would be arrested,<ref>{{cite news |title=2 Airmen Charged in Utah Torture Deats |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 25, 1974 |page=I-4}}</ref> while three others would never be identified. Two of the arrested would be convicted of murder and executed, while the third would be convicted of robbery and spend 13 years in prison. The story would become the basis of a best-selling book, ''[[Victim: The Other Side of Murder]]'', by [[Gary Kinder]], published in 1982 and later adapted to a television film, ''Aftermath: A Test of Love''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc4.com/content/news/special/special_assignment/story/Ogden-Hi-Fi-murders-revisited/9-ox6q5C_0i5cIRVz_zJVQ.cspx |title=Ogden Hi-Fi murders revisited |work=ABC4 |access-date=August 1, 2012 |archive-date=July 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723041911/http://www.abc4.com/content/news/special/special_assignment/story/Ogden-Hi-Fi-murders-revisited/9-ox6q5C_0i5cIRVz_zJVQ.cspx |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
*A group of five employees at "The Hi-Fi Shop", a home audio store in [[Ogden, Utah]], were taken hostage by six robbers and tortured. [[Hi-Fi murders|One man and two women were brutally murdered]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Holdup Men Torture, Shoot 5 Utah Victims |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 24, 1974 |page=I-8}}</ref> Three active duty airmen of the U.S. Air Force would be arrested,<ref>{{cite news |title=2 Airmen Charged in Utah Torture Deats |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 25, 1974 |page=I-4}}</ref> while three others would never be identified. Two of the arrested would be convicted of murder and executed, while the third would be convicted of robbery and spend 13 years in prison. The story would become the basis of a best-selling book, ''[[Victim: The Other Side of Murder]]'', by [[Gary Kinder]], published in 1982 and later adapted to a television film, ''Aftermath: A Test of Love''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc4.com/content/news/special/special_assignment/story/Ogden-Hi-Fi-murders-revisited/9-ox6q5C_0i5cIRVz_zJVQ.cspx |title=Ogden Hi-Fi murders revisited |work=ABC4 |access-date=August 1, 2012 |archive-date=July 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723041911/http://www.abc4.com/content/news/special/special_assignment/story/Ogden-Hi-Fi-murders-revisited/9-ox6q5C_0i5cIRVz_zJVQ.cspx |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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*[[1974 Suez Canal Clearance Operation#Operation Nimbus Star|Operation Nimbus Star]], the U.S. Navy's assistance in clearing the [[Suez Canal]] of explosive mines, began with minesweeping helicopters dispatched from amphibious assault ship {{USS|Iwo Jima|LPH-2}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/nimbus-star.htm |title=Nimbus Star / Nimbus Moon / Nimrod Spar |website= |
*[[1974 Suez Canal Clearance Operation#Operation Nimbus Star|Operation Nimbus Star]], the U.S. Navy's assistance in clearing the [[Suez Canal]] of explosive mines, began with minesweeping helicopters dispatched from amphibious assault ship {{USS|Iwo Jima|LPH-2}}.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=April 7, 2024 |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/nimbus-star.htm |title=Nimbus Star / Nimbus Moon / Nimrod Spar |website=[[GlobalSecurity.org]] |department=Military |date=July 5, 2011}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|sure=y|reason=According to [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources/Perennial sources]], "globalsecurity.org is an unreliable user-contributed and scraper site given to plagiarism... The site should not be used to back factual claims on Wikipedia."|date=June 2024}} |
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== [[April 23]], 1974 (Tuesday) == |
== [[April 23]], 1974 (Tuesday) == |
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*Following the resignation of [[Golda Meir]] as Prime Minister of Israel and as leader of the ruling [[Israeli Labor Party]], the Labor Party's 552-member central committee chose between Labor Minister [[Yitzhak Rabin]] and Information Minister [[Shimon Peres]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Israeli Labor Party Picks Rabin, 52, to Succeed Mrs. Meir |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 23, 1974 |page=I-1}}</ref> Rabin won the election, 298 to 254, and would take office as Prime Minister on June 3. |
*Following the resignation of [[Golda Meir]] as Prime Minister of Israel and as leader of the ruling [[Israeli Labor Party]], the Labor Party's 552-member central committee chose between Labor Minister [[Yitzhak Rabin]] and Information Minister [[Shimon Peres]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Israeli Labor Party Picks Rabin, 52, to Succeed Mrs. Meir |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 23, 1974 |page=I-1}}</ref> Rabin won the election, 298 to 254, and would take office as Prime Minister on June 3. |
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*'''Died:''' [[Cy Williams]], 86, American MLB baseball [[outfielder]] known for having led the National League in home runs during four different seasons (1916, 1920, 1923, 1927)<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1974/04/25/archives/cy-williams-ball-player-who-hit-251-homers-dies-special-to-the-new-.html|"Cy Williams, Ball Player Who Hit 251 Homers, Dies"], ''The New York Times'', April 25, 1974, p.42</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cy Williams Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Rookie Status & More |url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/w/willicy01.shtml |publisher=Sports Reference LLC |access-date=5 April 2024}}</ref> |
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== [[April 24]], 1974 (Wednesday) == |
== [[April 24]], 1974 (Wednesday) == |
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| ⚫ | [[File:Revolução dos Cravos.jpg|250px|thumb|April 25, 1974: "Carnation Revolution" overthrows right-wing dictatorship of Portugal after 41 years]] |
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*The "[[Carnation Revolution]]" (in Portuguese, ''Revolução dos Cravos'') began at 12:20 a.m. throughout [[Portugal]] after a pre-arranged signal— the playing of the song "[[Grândola, Vila Morena]]"— was broadcast on the [[Lisbon]] radio station [[Rádio Renascença]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Broadcast of a Popular Song Signaled Start of Lisbon Coup |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 30, 1974 |page=I-1}}</ref> The [[Armed Forces Movement|Movimento das Forças Armadas]] (MFA), a group of Portuguese military officers led by recently-fired General [[António de Spínola]], carried out a [[coup d'état]] to end 41 years of dictatorial rule by the [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Estado Novo]]. Thousands of Portuguese civilians joined the military insurgents in a popular revolution.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rebels Seize Portugal Radio Station |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 25, 1974 |page=I-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Portugal's Regime Overthrown; Rebels Vow Democratic Reforms— Deposed Premier and Top Officials Forced Into Exile; Government Placed in Hands of War Hero Gen. Spinola |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 26, 1974 |page=I-1}}</ref> [[Prime Minister of Portugal|Prime Minister]] [[Marcelo Caetano]] relented at 6:00 in the morning and he fled the country for political asylum in Brazil. |
*The "[[Carnation Revolution]]" (in Portuguese, ''Revolução dos Cravos'') began at 12:20 a.m. throughout [[Portugal]] after a pre-arranged signal— the playing of the song "[[Grândola, Vila Morena]]"— was broadcast on the [[Lisbon]] radio station [[Rádio Renascença]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Broadcast of a Popular Song Signaled Start of Lisbon Coup |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 30, 1974 |page=I-1}}</ref> The [[Armed Forces Movement|Movimento das Forças Armadas]] (MFA), a group of Portuguese military officers led by recently-fired General [[António de Spínola]], carried out a [[coup d'état]] to end 41 years of dictatorial rule by the [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Estado Novo]]. Thousands of Portuguese civilians joined the military insurgents in a popular revolution.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rebels Seize Portugal Radio Station |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 25, 1974 |page=I-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Portugal's Regime Overthrown; Rebels Vow Democratic Reforms— Deposed Premier and Top Officials Forced Into Exile; Government Placed in Hands of War Hero Gen. Spinola |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 26, 1974 |page=I-1}}</ref> [[Prime Minister of Portugal|Prime Minister]] [[Marcelo Caetano]] relented at 6:00 in the morning and he fled the country for political asylum in Brazil. |
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*The [[National Intelligence Service (South Korea)|Korean Central Intelligence Agency]] (KCIA) carried out [[People's Revolutionary Party Incident#The second incident|the arrest, without warrants, of 1,024 dissidents]] throughout [[South Korea]] on charges of violation of the [[National Security Act (South Korea)|National Security Act]]. Of those, 253 would be imprisoned and eight would be executed on April 9, 1975.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 April 2005 |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2005/04/08/2005040861025.html |title=Executions Still Smart 30 Years After |website=[[Chosun.com]]}}</ref> |
*The [[National Intelligence Service (South Korea)|Korean Central Intelligence Agency]] (KCIA) carried out [[People's Revolutionary Party Incident#The second incident|the arrest, without warrants, of 1,024 dissidents]] throughout [[South Korea]] on charges of violation of the [[National Security Act (South Korea)|National Security Act]]. Of those, 253 would be imprisoned and eight would be executed on April 9, 1975.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 April 2005 |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2005/04/08/2005040861025.html |title=Executions Still Smart 30 Years After |website=[[Chosun.com]]}}</ref> |
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*[[List of landslides#1951–1975|A landslide killed more than 450 people]] in the valley of the [[Mantaro River]] in [[Peru]], including at least 43 near [[Huancayo]].<ref>{{cite news |title=43 Confirmed Dead in Peru Quake, Slides |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 28, 1974 |page=I-5}}</ref><ref name=Mantaro>{{cite web |url=https://nehrpsearch.nist.gov/static/files/NSF/PB297287.pdf |title=Landslide of April 25, 1974, on the Mantaro River, Peru |first1=Kenneth L. |last1=Lee |first2=J. M. |last2=Duncan |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |year=1975}}</ref> After burying the village of Mayunmarca, the landslide dammed the river and formed a lake that would reach a depth of {{convert|107|m}} and a length of {{convert|31|km}} after submerging the towns of Pururo and La Esmeralda, as well as numerous large farms.<ref name=Mantaro/> |
*[[List of landslides#1951–1975|A landslide killed more than 450 people]] in the valley of the [[Mantaro River]] in [[Peru]], including at least 43 near [[Huancayo]].<ref>{{cite news |title=43 Confirmed Dead in Peru Quake, Slides |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 28, 1974 |page=I-5}}</ref><ref name=Mantaro>{{cite web |url=https://nehrpsearch.nist.gov/static/files/NSF/PB297287.pdf |title=Landslide of April 25, 1974, on the Mantaro River, Peru |first1=Kenneth L. |last1=Lee |first2=J. M. |last2=Duncan |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |year=1975}}</ref> After burying the village of Mayunmarca, the landslide dammed the river and formed a lake that would reach a depth of {{convert|107|m}} and a length of {{convert|31|km}} after submerging the towns of Pururo and La Esmeralda, as well as numerous large farms.<ref name=Mantaro/> |
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*The value of the [[Canadian dollar]] reached its highest point ever on exchange markets, becoming worth slightly more than $1.04 in [[United States dollar]]s (US$ 1.0443); the U.S. dollar was worth slightly less than 96 cents (C$ 0.95758).<ref>{{cite news |title=Dollar hits new high |newspaper=Ottawa Citizen |date=April 25, 1974 |page=9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Powell |first=James |title=A History of the Canadian Dollar |publisher=[[Bank of Canada]] |year=2005}}</ref> The value of the Canadian dollar would reach its low point on January 21, 2002, worth US$ 0.6179<ref>{{cite web |archive-date=July 11, 2007 |url=http://www.oanda.com/convert/fxhistory?lang=en&result=1&date1=12%2F21%2F01&date=02%2F21%2F02&date_fmt=us&exch=USD&exch2=CAD&expr=EUR&expr2=USD&margin_fixed=0&format=HTML&SUBMIT=Get+Table |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711215846/http://www.oanda.com/convert/fxhistory?lang=en&result=1&date1=12%2F21%2F01&date=02%2F21%2F02&date_fmt=us&exch=USD&exch2=CAD&expr=EUR&expr2=USD&margin_fixed=0&format=HTML&SUBMIT=Get+Table |title=FXHistory: historical currency exchange rates |website=OANDA.com}}</ref> but would briefly surpass the U.S. dollar again on September 28, 2007.<ref>{{cite news |title=Topsy-turvy world last time loonie was on par with greenback |url=http://canadianpress.google.com/article/ALeqM5jCO65bVpbfPeEB0a5iAt7A2gFNnQ |archive-url=https://archive.today/ |
*The value of the [[Canadian dollar]] reached its highest point ever on exchange markets, becoming worth slightly more than $1.04 in [[United States dollar]]s (US$ 1.0443); the U.S. dollar was worth slightly less than 96 cents (C$ 0.95758).<ref>{{cite news |title=Dollar hits new high |newspaper=Ottawa Citizen |date=April 25, 1974 |page=9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Powell |first=James |title=A History of the Canadian Dollar |publisher=[[Bank of Canada]] |year=2005}}</ref> The value of the Canadian dollar would reach its low point on January 21, 2002, worth US$ 0.6179<ref>{{cite web |archive-date=July 11, 2007 |url=http://www.oanda.com/convert/fxhistory?lang=en&result=1&date1=12%2F21%2F01&date=02%2F21%2F02&date_fmt=us&exch=USD&exch2=CAD&expr=EUR&expr2=USD&margin_fixed=0&format=HTML&SUBMIT=Get+Table |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711215846/http://www.oanda.com/convert/fxhistory?lang=en&result=1&date1=12%2F21%2F01&date=02%2F21%2F02&date_fmt=us&exch=USD&exch2=CAD&expr=EUR&expr2=USD&margin_fixed=0&format=HTML&SUBMIT=Get+Table |title=FXHistory: historical currency exchange rates |website=OANDA.com}}</ref> but would briefly surpass the U.S. dollar again on September 28, 2007.<ref>{{cite news |title=Topsy-turvy world last time loonie was on par with greenback |url=http://canadianpress.google.com/article/ALeqM5jCO65bVpbfPeEB0a5iAt7A2gFNnQ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070609092030/http://canadianpress.google.com/article/ALeqM5jCO65bVpbfPeEB0a5iAt7A2gFNnQ |archive-date=June 9, 2007 |publisher=[[Canadian Press]] |date=September 20, 2007}}</ref> |
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*[[National Football League]] owners voted to make nine changes to NFL rules, including sudden-death overtime for regular season games tied at the end of regulation, moving the goal posts, returning missed field goals to the line of scrimmage, after the new [[World Football League]] (WFL) had announced that it would have similar rules. One WFL owner told reporters, "It looks like they went right down the line and copied our book."<ref>{{cite news |title=Mod NFL: Sudden Death, Fewer Field Goals, More TDs |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 26, 1974 |page=III-1}}</ref> |
*[[National Football League]] owners voted to make nine changes to NFL rules, including sudden-death overtime for regular season games tied at the end of regulation, moving the goal posts, returning missed field goals to the line of scrimmage, after the new [[World Football League]] (WFL) had announced that it would have similar rules. One WFL owner told reporters, "It looks like they went right down the line and copied our book."<ref>{{cite news |title=Mod NFL: Sudden Death, Fewer Field Goals, More TDs |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 26, 1974 |page=III-1}}</ref> |
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*'''Born:''' |
*'''Born:''' |
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*The short-lived [[Bangsamoro Republik]] was proclaimed by the [[Moro National Liberation Front]] (MNLF) and its chairman, [[Nur Misuari]], at [[Talipao]] on [[Jolo Island]] in the [[Philippines]].<ref>W.K. Che Man. ''Muslim Separatism: The Moros of Southern Philippines and the Malays of Southern Thailand'' (Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1974)</ref> |
*The short-lived [[Bangsamoro Republik]] was proclaimed by the [[Moro National Liberation Front]] (MNLF) and its chairman, [[Nur Misuari]], at [[Talipao]] on [[Jolo Island]] in the [[Philippines]].<ref>W.K. Che Man. ''Muslim Separatism: The Moros of Southern Philippines and the Malays of Southern Thailand'' (Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1974)</ref> |
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*The [[Women's FA Cup]], championship of the [[Women's Football Association]] in England was played at [[Bedford]] and was won, 2 to 1, by [[Fodens Ladies F.C.]], over [[Southampton Women's F.C.]], on the second of two goals by [[Alison Leatherbarrow]] before 800 people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Laverty |first=Richard |date=November 29, 2021 |title=When Fodens Ladies won the FA Cup |url=https://www.ourgamemag.com/2021/11/29/when-fodens-ladies-won-the-fa-cup/}}</ref> |
*The [[Women's FA Cup]], championship of the [[Women's Football Association]] in England was played at [[Bedford]] and was won, 2 to 1, by [[Fodens Ladies F.C.]], over [[Southampton Women's F.C.]], on the second of two goals by [[Alison Leatherbarrow]] before 800 people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Laverty |first=Richard |date=November 29, 2021 |title=When Fodens Ladies won the FA Cup |url=https://www.ourgamemag.com/2021/11/29/when-fodens-ladies-won-the-fa-cup/}}</ref> |
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*The U.S. television series ''[[The F.B.I. (TV series)|The F.B.I.]]'', starring [[Efrem Zimbalist Jr.]], broadcast its 241st and final original episode after nine seasons on the ABC network.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0058801/episodes/?season=9&ref_=tt_eps_sn_9 IMDB.com]</ref> |
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*'''Born:''' [[Penélope Cruz]], Spanish film actress, 2008 winner of the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in ''[[Vicky Cristina Barcelona]]''; in [[Alcobendas]] |
*'''Born:''' [[Penélope Cruz]], Spanish film actress, 2008 winner of the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in ''[[Vicky Cristina Barcelona]]''; in [[Alcobendas]] |
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*'''Died: '''[[Yu Chin-san]], 68, South Korean politician and leader of the opposition [[New Democratic Party (South Korea)|New Democratic Party]], died of cancer.<ref>{{cite news |title=Seoul Party Head Dies |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 29, 1974 |page=I-18}}</ref> |
*'''Died: '''[[Yu Chin-san]], 68, South Korean politician and leader of the opposition [[New Democratic Party (South Korea)|New Democratic Party]], died of cancer.<ref>{{cite news |title=Seoul Party Head Dies |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 29, 1974 |page=I-18}}</ref> |
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The following events occurred in April 1974:
