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Humanitarian [[aid workers]] belonging to [[United Nations]] organisations, [[Private voluntary organization|PVO]]s / [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]]s or the [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|Red Cross / Red Crescent]] are among the list of [[protected persons]] under [[international humanitarian law]] that grant them immunity from attack by belligerent parties. However, attacks on humanitarian workers have occasionally occurred, and become more frequent since the 1990s and 2000s. In 2017, the [[Aid Worker Security Database|Aid Worker Security Database (AWSD)]] documented 139 humanitarian workers killed in intentional attacks out of the estimated global population of 569,700 workers. In every year since 2013, more than 100 humanitarian workers were killed.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stoddard|first=Abby|url=https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9783030264109|title=Necessary Risks: Professional Humanitarianism and Violence against Aid Workers|date=2020|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-3-030-26410-9|language=en}}</ref> This is attributed to a number of factors, including the increasing number of humanitarian workers deployed, the increasingly unstable environments in which they work, and the erosion of the perception of neutrality and independence{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}}. In 2012 road travel was seen to be the most dangerous context, with kidnappings of aid workers quadrupling in the last decade, reaching more aid workers victims than any other form of attack.<ref name="aidworkersecurity.org">{{Cite web |url=https://aidworkersecurity.org/sites/default/files/AidWorkerSecurityReport_2013_web.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-03-18 |archive-date=2013-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110204210/https://aidworkersecurity.org/sites/default/files/AidWorkerSecurityReport_2013_web.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The foremost collector of data on attacks against humanitarian workers is the [[Aid Worker Security Database]], which has strict parameters allowing for the data to be compared across the globe over time, producing useful analysis for the humanitarian, policy and academic community.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About the data {{!}} The Aid Worker Security Database|url=https://aidworkersecurity.org/about|website=aidworkersecurity.org|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref> [[Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project|Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED)]] is another database that includes attacks on humanitarian workers in addition to other conflict-related incidents.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Methodology|url=https://acleddata.com/resources/methodology/|date=2019-06-13|website=ACLED|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref> Insecurity Insight produces monthly ''Aid in Danger'' reports that highlight attacks during the month from news media, the [[Aid Worker Security Database|AWSD]] and [[Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project|ACLED]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Insecurity Insight » Aid in Danger|url=http://insecurityinsight.org/projects/aid-in-danger|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref>

==Legal basis for the protection of humanitarian workers==

The legal basis for the protection of humanitarian workers in [[armed conflicts]] is contained in the [[Geneva Conventions]] of 1949 and the related [[Protocol I|Protocols I]] and [[Protocol II|II]] of 1977. These treaties outline the rights and obligations of [[non-combatants]] who fulfill the criteria of [[protected persons]] during armed conflicts. These rights include the right to be treated humanely; to have access to food, water, shelter, medical treatment, and communications; to be free from violence to life and person, [[hostage|hostage taking]], and humiliating or degrading treatment; and the prohibition against [[collective punishment]] or [[imprisonment]]. ''Protected persons'' include citizens and nationals of countries that are not a party to the conflict, except if such persons happens to be in the territory of a belligerent power, which maintains diplomatic relations with their home states.

While the Geneva Conventions guarantee protection for humanitarian workers, they do not guarantee access of humanitarian workers to affected areas: [[governments]] or [[Military occupation|occupying forces]] may, if they wish, ban a relief agency from working in their area. [[Médecins Sans Frontières]] was created in 1971 with the express purpose of ignoring this restriction, by providing assistance to populations affected by the [[Biafra]]n civil war despite the prohibitions of the government of [[Nigeria]].

In addition, the Geneva Conventions do not require that parties to the conflict guarantee the safety of humanitarian workers. The Conventions prohibit [[combatants]] from attacking protected persons, and they require occupying forces to maintain general order. However, the Conventions do not require that combating parties provide security escorts, for example, when other factions threaten the safety of protected persons operating in their area.

In 2003, the [[United Nations Security Council]] passed [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1502|Resolution 1502]] giving greater protection to humanitarian workers and treating attacks on them as a [[war crime]].  ICRC promotes a framework for Neutral Independent Humanitarian Action (NIHA) to enable differentiated role understanding.

== Motives ==
The method of targeting foreigners through suicide bombings, IEDs and kidnappings (often closely associated with criminal and political actors) is strong evidence of at least some political motivations against aid workers.<ref name=ODI>Abby Stoddard, Adele Harmer and Victoria DiDomenico (2009) [http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=3250&title=violence-aid-workers-operational-response-2009 Providing Aid in Insecure Environments: Trends in violence against aid workers and the operational response (2009 Update)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430172646/http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=3250&title=violence-aid-workers-operational-response-2009 |date=April 30, 2010 }} [[Overseas Development Institute]]</ref> It is very hard often to precisely ascertain a motive; for instance, in 55% of the incidents recorded by the AWSD in 2008, the motive was described as ‘undetermined’.<ref name=ODI/> However, of those that were determined, political motivations have increased (29% of the determined total in 2003 to 49% in 2008) relative to economic motivations, or when the victim's status as an aid worker was only incidental.<ref name=ODI/> Afghanistan, as one of the most dangerous countries for humanitarian workers to operate in is influential in this changing dynamic; in 2007 61% of incidents were carried out by criminals and 39% by political opposition groups, but in 2008, 65% of incidents were the work of armed opposition groups.<ref name=ODI/>

Aid workers can be targeted for political reasons both directly and by association.<ref name=ODI/> Sometimes the humanitarian organisation may be targeted for something that it has done or a statement it has made, or simply for the delivery of aid to a population, to whom others do not wish aid to reach.<ref name=ODI/> It can also be targeted as a result of being associated as an entity collaborating with the 'enemy' (a government, rebel group or foreign power).<ref name=ODI/> The dangers of being associated with specific governments or armed forces have further increased the determination of aid workers to be seen as separate, independent and neutral politically.<ref name=ODI/> However, evidence shows that this has little impact and instead that western aid agencies are perceived as an intrinsic part of the western 'agenda' and not merely associated with it.<ref name=ODI/> In the case of Afghanistan, with the notable exception of the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]], it has been surmised that locals no longer make distinctions (as they once did) between organisations, e.g. those were working with the coalition force's [[Provincial Reconstruction Teams]] and those that did not.<ref name=ODI/> In remote areas, they sometimes represent the only accessible western target.<ref name=ODI/> Although empirical studies on aid worker insecurity have been scarce, two have been conducted in Afghanistan. Watts (2004)<ref>Watts, Clinton. 2004. [https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA467616.pdf Indicators of NGO security in Afghanistan]. West Point: United States Military Academy, The Combating Terrorism Center.</ref> did not find evidence indicating heightened aid worker insecurity in provinces where the US military was present. Similarly, Mitchell (2015)<ref>{{cite journal | first1=David | title=Blurred Lines? Provincial Reconstruction Teams and NGO Insecurity in Afghanistan, 2010–2011 | journal=Stability: International Journal of Security & Development | last1=Mitchell | year=2015 | volume=4 | issue=1 | pages=1–18 | doi=10.5334/sta.ev | id=Art. 9| doi-access=free }}</ref> was unable to discover a relationship between attacks against NGOs and their proximity to the US military or US-led PRTs respectively; however, his study did reveal that aid workers were more likely to encounter a greater number of security incidents in provinces with PRTs not led by the US.

==Trends in risks faced by humanitarian workers==

* Wars between states became much less common in the period following the end of the [[Cold War]]. Unfortunately, these wars have been largely replaced by an increased incidence of internal conflict and resulting violence and miscommunication, increasing the risk to civilians and humanitarian workers alike.
* Most deaths of aid workers are due to deliberate violence.
* One-third of deaths occur in the first three months of deployment, with 17% occurring within the first 30 days.<ref>Sheik, Gutierrez, et al., British Medical Journal 2000;321:166–8</ref>
* Since 2006, violence is once again on the increase and growth in the number of incidents is faster than the growth in the number of humanitarian aid workers.<ref name=ODI/>

== Attacks on health care ==
Among all attacks, those on health care are numerous. Hospitals, clinics and ambulances are attacked and health workers are injured or killed. As to the Safeguarding Health in Conflict Coalition initiative there have been 973 attacks on health in 23 countries in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.safeguardinghealth.org/sites/shcc/files/SHCC2019final.pdf|title=IMPUNITY REMAINS:Attacks on Health Care in 23 Countries in Conflict|last=|first=|date=May 2019|website=Safeguarding health in conflict|accessdate=23 November 2019}}</ref> Attacks usually either target wounded and sick individuals, health personnel, facilities or medical transport; facilities or medical emblems are misused.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rubenstein|first1=Leonard S|last2=Bittle|first2=Melanie D|date=January 2010|title=Responsibility for protection of medical workers and facilities in armed conflict|journal=The Lancet|language=en|volume=375|issue=9711|pages=329–340|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(<span class="ltr">09</span>)61926-7|pmid=20109960|s2cid=9582877}}</ref> These attacks have a negative impact on the overall delivery of health care. Despite the immediate effects of deaths, injuries and the destruction of facilities, the long-term effects are often even more severe. Already weakened health systems, due to present conflicts, get targeted. That can lead to the collapse of entire health systems that are urgently needed in conflicts. The health systems are unable to cope with the situation, people have no access to health care and long-term public health goals are almost impossible to achieve.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icrc.org/en/document/where-urgency-bring-attacks-healthcare-end|title=Where is the urgency to bring attacks on healthcare to an end?|last=Maurer|first=Peter|date=2017-10-31|website=International Committee of the Red Cross|language=en|access-date=2019-11-23}}</ref> Many facilities have to close after attacks, hospitals run out of supplies and health projects, like vaccination campaigns, come to halt. Additionally, staff leave their posts, flee the region or country and international organizations withdraw their staff and/ or close projects.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.safeguardinghealth.org/sites/shcc/files/SHCC2017final.pdf|title=IMPUNITY MUST END:Attacks on Health in 23 Countries in Conflict in 2016|last=|first=|date=May 2016|website=Safeguarding health in conflict|access-date=23 November 2019}}</ref> The general access to health facilities and care is restricted for people in need. The number of people affected indirectly is therefore even higher than the actual number of victims. Moreover, attacks have a negative impact on the psychological well-being of staff and affect their motivation as well as the quality of care provided by them.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283491423|title=An evidence review of research on health interventions in humanitarian crises|last=Blanchet|first=Karl|date=October 2015|website=London School of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene|access-date=20 November 2019}}</ref>

==List of major attacks on humanitarian workers==

A full downloadable list of major incidents, from 1997–present, of violence against aid workers, can be found at [https://www.humanitarianoutcomes.org/ Humanitarian Outcomes]' [[Aid Worker Security Database]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Aid Worker Security Database, 1997-present {{!}} The Aid Worker Security Database|url=https://aidworkersecurity.org/incidents|website=aidworkersecurity.org|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref>

=== 1964 ===

* [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] – [[Jean Plicque]] ([[International Labour Organization|ILO]]) and Francois Preziosi ([[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|UNHCR]]) were killed by rebels.<ref name=":1">Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress. (1965). United States: U.S. Government Printing Office. p9330</ref>

===1993===
* [[Somalia]] – January 2 - A gunman killed Sean Devreaux, a British worker for UNICEF in [[Kismayu]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/unicef-quits-town-after-british-aid-man-killed-1476428.html | location=London | work=The Independent | first=Karl | last=Maier | title=Unicef quits town after British aid man killed | date=January 4, 1993}}</ref>
* Somalia – February 22 - Gunmen killed Valerie Place, an Irish nurse with the charity [[Concern (organisation)|Concern]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/somali-gunmen-murder-irish-nurse-1474693.html | location=London | work=The Independent | first=Francis | last=Mdlongwa | title=Somali gunmen murder Irish nurse | date=February 23, 1993}}</ref>
* [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] – January 27 – ODA / UNHCR aid worker Paul Goodall was shot and killed after a hijacking in Zenica
* [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] – July 5 – Scottish aid worker Christine Witcutt was shot and killed by a sniper in [[Sarajevo]].<ref name=Fund>{{Citation
 |title        = Christine Witcutt (1941–1993)
 |url          = http://www.cwcentre.org/christine.html
 |author       = The Christine Witcutt Memorial Fund
 |accessdate   = 2009-07-30
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20081101170108/http://www.cwcentre.org/christine.html
 |archive-date = 2008-11-01
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref><ref name=News2001>{{Citation
 | title = Centre marks aid worker's memory
 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/1545194.stm
 | author = BBC News
 | accessdate = 2009-07-30
 | date=September 15, 2001}}</ref>
* Bosnia and Herzegovina – October 25 – Danish aid worker Bjarne Vium Nielsen was killed in an attack on a humanitarian aid convoy.<ref>{{Citation
 | title = Timeline for Former Yugoslavia June 1991 to August 1997
 | url = http://www.fnmuseet.dk/aarskrift/Timeline.pdf
 | accessdate = 2009-07-30
}}</ref><ref name=Toomer2007>{{Citation
 |title=Aid Worker Fatalities Data
 |url=http://www.patronusanalytical.com/aid%20worker%20fatalities/Fatal%20Incidents%20Aid%20Workers%20DB/Fatal%20Incidents%20data.html 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221014414/http://patronusanalytical.com/aid%20worker%20fatalities/Fatal%20Incidents%20Aid%20Workers%20DB/Fatal%20Incidents%20data.html 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-date=2009-02-21 
 |year=2007 
 |author=Toomer, Kevin 
 |accessdate=2009-07-30 
}}</ref>

===1996===
* [[Burundi]] – June 4 – Three [[International Committee of the Red Cross|ICRC]] delegates were killed in an attack on two vehicles on the road between the villages of Rugombo and Mugina in [[Cibitoke Province]], resulting in a withdrawal of the ICRC from Burundi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Red Cross / Red Crescent Emblem |author=Christian Jennings |url=http://www.crimesofwar.org/thebook/redcross-rescrescent.html |accessdate=2009-07-30 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715205450/http://www.crimesofwar.org/thebook/redcross-rescrescent.html |archivedate=2009-07-15 }}</ref>
* [[Novye Atagi]], [[Chechnya]] – December 17 – Six ICRC workers were killed in an attack on the [[The ICRC hospital of Novye Atagi|local hospital]]. As a result, ICRC withdrew all expatriate staff from Chechnya.<ref>{{ Citation|title=Profiles of the six ICRC staff killed in Chechnya |url=https://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/57jnbg.htmn |accessdate=2017-05-01 }}</ref>
* [[Guatemala]], 1996 – One Costa Rican Salvation Army officer was attacked by demobilized guerrilla members while transporting a senior citizen with a broken leg to the hospital. The vehicle was taken.

===1997===
* [[Somaliland]] region, Somalia – November 23 – The UN negotiated with [[clan]] elders for the release of five kidnapped aid workers.
* [[Mogadishu]], Somalia – November 26 – All foreign [[aid worker]]s withdrew from the city following the abduction of two Italian aid workers.
* [[Guatemala]] – 1997 – When returning from a mission, a Costa Rican [[Salvation Army]] officer was abducted by gunmen and held hostage for a short time. The vehicle was taken.

===1998===
* Somalia – April 21 – 10 aid workers were held hostage.
* [[Bujumbura]], Burundi – June 10 – A Danish aid worker was killed by car thieves.
* [[Sudan]] – June 10 – Three Sudanese UN staff were killed and three wounded when gunmen opened fire on a UN vehicle.
* [[Arua]], [[Rwanda]] – July 10 – A Ugandan driver for the UN [[World Food Programme]] (WFP) was killed by rebels.
* Bujumbura, Burundi – July 24 – An Italian World Food Programme (WFP) staff member was killed.
* [[Republic of the Congo]] – November – Major Eugene Nsingani of [[The Salvation Army]] was gunned down and killed along with five others on a peace mission .

===1999===
* [[South Sudan]] – January 4 – Four ICRC staff were killed by the [[Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement|SPLA]]
* Somalia – January 27 – A Kenyan aid worker was killed by gunmen.
* [[Lesotho]] – February 4 – Irish aid worker Ken Hickley was robbed and murdered.
* [[Bundibugyo]], [[Uganda]] – April 23 – Many aid workers fled the area to avoid attacks by the [[Allied Democratic Forces]].
* [[Belgrade]], [[Serbia]] – May 26 – Three aid workers were put on trial for spying.
* [[Angola]] – June 15 – Two aid workers were killed when gunmen ambushed and robbed them.
* [[Tajikistan]] – October 2 – A French aid worker was killed.

===2000===
* [[Balad, Somalia|Balad]], Somalia – January 3 – A local [[CARE (relief agency)|CARE]] staff was shot dead in an ambush.
* North of Mogadishu, Somalia – January 4 – A CARE worker was shot dead in an ambush.
* Sudan – January 9 – Two CARE staff were killed and 2 went missing after an ambush.
* Somalia – January 31 – Attacks on a convoy of aid vehicles left 20 people dead.
* [[Ethiopia]] – February 9 – A medical organisation suspended operations in parts of Ethiopia after the killing of a staff member.
* [[Ambon Island|Ambon]], [[Indonesia]] – May 22 – Foreign aid workers pulled out of the island to escape growing inter-communal violence.
* [[Sierra Leone]] – June 19 – British aid worker Alan Smith was freed after being held for one month by rebels.
* [[Baghdad]], [[Iraq]] – June 28 – Two [[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] workers were shot and killed.
* South Sudan – August 6 – Eight aid workers were killed when their vehicle was attacked near the border with [[Uganda]].
* [[Atambua]], [[Belu Regency]], [[West Timor]], Indonesia – September 6 – Five [[UNHCR]] staff members, Samson Aregahegn (Supply Officer); Carlos Caceres-Collazo (Protection Officer); and Pero Simundza (Telecommunications Operator) and two Indonesians were killed when their office was attacked by militia.
* [[Macenta]], [[Guinea]] – September 17 – Killing of one UNHCR staff member and the abduction of another.
* Guinea – December 7 – Hundreds of people were killed after rebels destroyed a UNHCR centre.
* [[Afghanistan]] – December 9 – Seven people working for the UN mine clearance programme were killed in an ambush.
* [[Aceh]], Indonesia – December 10 – Three aid workers were killed.
* Burundi – December 30 – A British voluntary worker was one of 20 people killed by gunmen.
* [[Kigali]], Rwanda – March 2 - A Liberian Voluntary Humanitarian Samuel W. Sargbah was killed in his car

===2001===
* Democratic Republic of Congo – February 27 – Six ICRC staff were killed.
* Mogadishu, Somalia – March 27 – The [[Médecins Sans Frontières|MSF]] compound was attacked by gunmen.
* [[Alkhan-Kala]], Chechnya – April 18 – Aid worker [[Viktor Popkov]] was fatally wounded and two others injured in a shooting attack.
* Tajikistan – June 16 – Kidnappers asked for the release of detained militants after taking a group of aid workers hostage.
* [[Banda Aceh]], Indonesia – October 4 – Three people, including a Red Cross worker who had been tortured, were killed.
* Afghanistan – November 15 – Eight western aid workers were released after three months of captivity by [[Taliban]].

===2002===
* Mogadishu, Somalia – February 23 – A [[Switzerland|Swiss]] woman who ran a small [[aid agency]] was shot dead.
* Mogadishu, Somalia – February 28 – A Somali UN worker was kidnapped hours after the region was declared too dangerous for permanent UN presence.
* [[Dagestan]] - August 12 - A Dutch MSF worker was abducted in [[Makhachkala]]. He was released 20 months later.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msf.org/arjan-erkel-free-607-days-kidnapped|title=ARJAN ERKEL FREE - 607 days kidnapped|website=Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) International|language=en|access-date=2019-09-11}}</ref>

===2003===
* [[Gaza Strip]] – March 16 – [[Rachel Corrie]] an American member of [[International Solidarity Movement|ISM]] was killed by an [[Israel Defense Forces]] (IDF) bulldozer when attempting to prevent the demolition of a Palestinian's home.
* Gaza Strip - April 11 - [[Tom Hurndall]] was a British photography student and member of ISM who was killed by an IDF sniper. Hurndall was left in a coma and died nine months later. His killer [[Taysir Hayb]] was sentenced to eight years imprisonment for manslaughter and obstruction of justice but was released after serving six and a half years of his sentence.
* Baghdad, Iraq – August 19 – The bombing of the UN Headquarters at the [[Canal Hotel Bombing|Canal Hotel]] killed at least 24 people including [[United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq|UN Special Representative for Iraq]] [[Sérgio Vieira de Mello]] and wounded over 100.
* Baghdad, Iraq – October 27 – An attack on the ICRC building killed at least 12 people.
* [[Ghazni]], Afghanistan – November 16 – UNHCR staff person Bettina Goislard was shot dead by a motorcycle-borne gunman while travelling by car.
* [[Kandahar]], Afghanistan – March 24 – ICRC staff member Ricardo Munguia was shot and killed in an ambush north of Kandahar. He was working as a water engineer in Afghanistan and travelling with local colleague when their car was stopped by unknown armed men. He was killed execution-style at point-blank range while his colleagues were allowed to escape. The killing prompted the ICRC to temporarily suspend operations across Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irinnews.org/news/2003/03/28/swiss-icrc-delegate-murdered |title=Swiss ICRC delegate murdered |author=<!--Staff writer(<span class="ltr">s</span>); no by-line.--> |date=28 March 2003 |website=www.irinnews.org |publisher=IRIN |access-date=8 March 2016 |quote=Ricardo Munguia, a Swiss citizen of Salvadorian origin was travelling with Afghan colleagues on an assignment to improve the water supply to the district. He was shot in cold blood on Thursday by a group of unidentified assailants who stopped the vehicles transporting them...the assailants had shot the 39-year-old water and habitat engineer in the head and burned one car, warning two Afghans accompanying him not to work for foreigners...Asked what action ICRC was taking, Bouvier explained that 'for the time being, the ICRC has decided to temporarily freeze all field trips in Afghanistan, calling all staff to the main delegation’s offices.'}}</ref>

===2004===
* [[Kabul]], Afghanistan – February 26 – Five Afghans working for the [[Sanayee Development Organization|Sanayee Development Foundation]] were killed when their vehicle was ambushed northeast of Kabul.
* [[Mosul]], Iraq – March 15 –  Larry Elliott, Jean Dover Elliott, Karen Denise Watson, and David McDonnall were killed in a [[drive-by shooting]]. They were US missionaries for [[Southern Baptist International Mission Board]].
* Kandahar , Afghanistan – April 28 – Two Afghan aid workers and a soldier were killed in an attack in the [[Panjwayi]] district of Kandahar .
* [[Badghis]] Province, Afghanistan – June 2 – Five staff working for Médecins Sans Frontières were killed on the road between Khairkhana and [[Qala e Naw]], resulting in the complete withdrawal of MSF from Afghanistan. The names of the murdered staff were: Hélène de Beir, Willem Kwint, [[Egil Tynaes]], Fasil Ahmad and Besmillah.
* [[North Darfur]], Sudan – October 10 –  A [[Save the Children]] vehicle was hit by an anti-tank landmine in the Um Barro area. Two members of staff travelling in the vehicle were killed, namely Rafe Bullick (British, Programme Manager, North Darfur) and Nourredine Issa Tayeb (Sudanese, Water Engineer).

===2005===
* Baghdad, Iraq – April 16 – [[Marla Ruzicka]], founder of the [[Center for Civilians in Conflict]] (CIVIC), and her Iraqi translator, [[Faiz Ali Salim]], was killed by a suicide car bombing on Airport Road.
* South Sudan – November 5 – [[Collin Lee]], who worked for International Aid Services died when his jeep, containing his wife and driver, was ambushed by the [[Lord's Resistance Army|LRA]].

===2006===
*[[Vavuniya]], [[Sri Lanka]] – May 15 – An employee of the [[Norwegian Refugee Council]] was shot dead on his way back from work.
*[[Muttur (Sri Lanka)|Muttur]], Sri Lanka – August 6 – 17 workers from the aid group [[Action Against Hunger]] were found murdered. They were working on post-[[2004 tsunami]] reconstruction. There had been fierce fighting in the area for more than a week. (See [[Muttur massacre]].)

===2007===
*[[2007 Mogadishu TransAVIAexport Airlines Il-76 crash]]
*[[Darfur]] – between 1 January 2006 and 31 August 2007 –  A total of 12 humanitarian workers were killed, including four working for the Sudanese government's water project.
*[[Colombo]], Sri Lanka – June 3 – Two [[Murder of Red Cross workers in Sri Lanka|Red cross workers were abducted and murdered]].
*[[El Bared]] refugee camp, [[Lebanon]] – June 11 – Two Lebanese Red Cross workers were killed and a third wounded.[http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/06/12/lebanon.assault/index.html]
*South Sudan – A driver of the World Food Program was killed in an ambush.
*[[Central African Republic]] – June 11 – An MSF logistician was killed when her car was hit by gunfire during an assessment mission near Paoua [https://archive.today/20130722080037/http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/press/release.cfm?id=2061].
*[[Algeria]] – 11 December – 10 United Nations staff died in a double car bombing in the capital, [[Algiers]], which killed at least 26 people and injured 177.
*Somalia – December 26 – A nurse and a doctor working for MSF in [[Bossaso]] were abducted. After one week, they were released [https://archive.today/20130722075959/http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/press/release.cfm?id=2381].
*Burundi  – December 31 – An Action Against Hunger vehicle was targeted by shooters in Ruyigi. Five people, including three female expatriate staff of Action Against Hunger, were inside the vehicle. One of them, a French psychologist, died upon arrival at the hospital in [[Gitega]] as a result of her injuries. The second victim suffered a gunshot wound. The third expatriate escaped uninjured.

===2008===
* Kabul, Afghanistan – January 14 – Six people, including at least one aid worker from the USA named Thor Hesla, were killed in an attack on the [[Serena Hotel]].
* Kandahar, Afghanistan – January 26 – An aid worker and her Afghan driver were kidnapped and presumed dead.
* [[Kismayo]], Somalia – January 28 – A surgeon, a logistician and a driver working for Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) were killed when their convoy was attacked between the hospital and their base [https://archive.today/20130722084117/http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/press/release.cfm?id=2481].
* [[Chad]] - May 1 - The country director of Save the Children UK was shot dead when his car was attacked near Hadjer Hadid [http://www.patronusanalytical.com/files/Save%20the%20Children%20Aid%20Worker%20Killed%20in%20Chad.php].
* Colombo, Sri Lanka – May 16 – A [[Batticaloa]]-based employee of the Norwegian Refugee Council was abducted while visiting the capital and disappeared, presumed dead.
* [[Arusha]], [[Tanzania]] – June 30 – An Australian working with the nonprofit organisation [http://www.foodwatershelter.org.au/ foodwatershelter] was killed during a robbery.
* [[Logar Province]], Afghanistan – August 13 – Three female [[International Rescue Committee]] (IRC) workers and their local driver were killed in an ambush as they drove back to Kabul. One was an American national.
* [[Somali Region]], Ethiopia - September 22 - A nurse and a doctor working for Medecins du Monde were kidnapped in Fadhigaradle village and taken across the border to Somalia. They were released 4 months later [https://bielbienne.wordpress.com/2009/01/08/medecins-du-monde-announces-the-release-of-its-two-volunteers-keiko-akahane-and-wilhem-sools-abducted-on-september-22-2008-in-ethiopia-and-held-in-somalia/].
* [[Merka]], Somalia – October 17 – A senior programme assistant for the World Food Programme (WFP) was shot and killed as he left a [[mosque]].
* Kabul, Afghanistan – October 20 – An [[Gayle Williams|aid worker]] with [[SERVE Afghanistan]] was killed as she walked to work.
* Gurilel, Somalia – October 25 – A local worker with the aid agency Iida was killed as she returned from work.

===2009===
* [[Yemen]] - Several aid workers were kidnapped.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130209013459/http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2009-06/2009-06-14-voa9.cfm?CFID=275134120&CFTOKEN=54927137&jsessionid=003088fb9d53b2294cbc54381763d2d53132 Yemen Reports Kidnapping of 9 Foreigners]</ref>
* Two [[Chechen people|Chechen]] aid workers were kidnapped and murdered.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/12/world/europe/12chechnya.html The New York Times – Two Chechen Aid Workers Are Killed]</ref>
* Bakool, Somalia - April 19 - Two MSF doctors were kidnapped and released 9 days later [https://web.archive.org/web/20100616194909/http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/press/release.cfm?id=3571&cat=press-release].
* An [[Irish people|Irish]] charity worker was killed during a mugging in [[Zanzibar]], Tanzania.<ref>[http://www.patronusanalytical.com/files/Volunteer_aid_worker_murdered_in_Zanzibar.php Volunteer aid worker murdered in Zanzibar]</ref>
* Chad - August 4 - A logistician working for MSF and his Chadian assistant were kidnapped in Ade. The Chadian was freed soon afterwards while the logistician was released a month later [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8232896.stm].
* [[Pakistan]] – 5 October - 3 United Nations staff killed in a suicide bombing attack against the office of the World Food Programme in the capital city [[Islamabad]].
* [[West Darfur]], Sudan - October 22 - A French ICRC delegate was kidnapped and released after 5 months [http://www.panapress.com/Kidnapped-iCRC-worker-freed-in-Sudan--12-534419-30-lang2-index.html].
* Afghanistan - 28 October - 5 United Nations staff, two Afghan security personnel, and an Afghan civilian were killed by three Taliban attackers in an assault on the Bekhtar Guesthouse in Kabul. Nine other UN staff, also there working for the presidential election, were wounded.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8329543.stm | work=BBC News | title=UN chief condemns Kabul killings | date=October 28, 2009}}</ref>
* Birao, Central African Republic - November 22 - Two French aid workers employed by Triangle Generation Humanitaire are kidnapped and held for 4 months before being freed in Darfur [https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hxkYQ1SoQXHZy5ePtfCg33RJQz_w]{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}.

===2010===

* Gaza Strip - 31 May - The [[Israeli navy]] killed 9 members of the "Gaza Freedom Flotilla" attempting to bring aid to the Gaza Strip and breach the Israeli naval blockade. The [[Gaza flotilla raid]] caused worldwide controversy.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/22/gaza-flotilla-un-condemns-israeli-brutality | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Haroon | last=Siddique | title=Gaza flotilla, Israel (News), Palestinian territories (News), Gaza,World news, United Nations (News) | date=September 22, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10206802 | work=BBC News | title=Activists describe Israeli raid on Gaza aid convoy | date=June 3, 2010}}</ref>
* [[Abéché]], Chad - June 6 - A logistician working for Oxfam GB was kidnapped. He was rescued 10 days later by security forces near the border with Sudan [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10327194].
* Afghanistan - 7 August - 10 men and women who were working for a Christian aid agency were murdered by the Taliban. Two Afghan interpreters, six Americans, a British woman and a German woman who had been running an eye clinic in the country died of gunshot wounds. Sabjullah Mujaheed, a Taliban spokesman, said later that they had been killed because they were missionaries and spies for the United States.<ref>[D+C article 10/2010: Acceptance of humanitarian aid agencies no longer self-evident {{cite web|url=http://www.inwent.org/ez/articles/179937/index.en.shtml |title=D+C 2010/10 - Radtke - Humanitarian agencies must not over-react to new risks - Development and Cooperation - International Journal |accessdate=2010-10-26 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222011425/http://www.inwent.org/ez/articles/179937/index.en.shtml |archivedate=2011-02-22 }}]</ref>

===2011===

*[[Nigeria]] - 26 August - the United Nations Headquarters in [[Abuja]] was attacked by a suicide car bomber, killing at least 18 people, injuring dozens, and causing massive devastation to the building itself. [[Boko Haram]] claimed responsibility.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14677957 | work=BBC News | title=Abuja attack: Car bomb hits Nigeria UN building | date=August 26, 2011}}</ref>
*[[Syria]] - 7 September - An attack on an ambulance by unknown assailants injured three rescuers and the wounded patient it was transporting in [[Homs]], one of the rescuers, Hakam Drak Sibai, died due to his wounds.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-09-14|title=Syria: Red Crescent Workers Under Attack|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/09/14/syria-red-crescent-workers-under-attack|access-date=2021-09-18|website=Human Rights Watch|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Volunteer medic shot dead by Assad's security forces|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2011-09-16/volunteer-medic-shot-dead-assad-s-security-forces|access-date=2021-09-18|website=The World from PRX|language=en}}</ref>
*Somalia - 23 December - 2 United Nations aid workers and a 3rd colleague were shot to death in Mataban, [[Hiran, Somalia|Hiran]]. The UN workers, who worked specifically for the [[World Food Program]], had been monitoring the distribution of food and camps for internally displaced peoples. United Nations operations in Mataban were temporarily suspended.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2011-12-23/africa/world_africa_somalia-aid-workers-killed_1_humanitarian-workers-aid-workers-somalia?_s=PM:AFRICA |work=CNN |title=3 humanitarian workers killed in Somalia - CNN.com |date=December 23, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307194804/http://articles.cnn.com/2011-12-23/africa/world_africa_somalia-aid-workers-killed_1_humanitarian-workers-aid-workers-somalia?_s=PM%3AAFRICA |archivedate=2012-03-07 }}</ref>
* Mogadishu, Somalia - December 29 - A doctor and a logistician working for MSF were shot to death in their compound [https://web.archive.org/web/20120105105752/http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/press/release.cfm?id=5709&cat=press-release].
* [[Dadaab]], [[Kenya]]: Two Spanish women who worked for [[Médecins sans Frontières]] were kidnapped by gunmen<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/13/aid-workers-kidnapped-kenyan-camp|title=Two aid workers kidnapped from Kenyan refugee camp|last=Rice|first=Xan|date=2011-10-13|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-09-11|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> and released in July 2013.

===2013===

* [[Aleppo]], Syria: A worker for Support to Life, [[Kayla Mueller]], was kidnapped by [[ISIS]] and killed in 2015.

===2014===
*Afghanistan: Two Finnish aid workers with the [[International Assistance Mission]], a Christian medical charity, were shot and killed in [[Herat]] by two men on motorbikes. The women were in a taxi when shot.<ref name="FinnsKilled">{{cite news|title=Militants gun down Finnish aid workers in Afghanistan|url=http://www.afghanistansun.com/index.php/sid/224095835/scat/6e1d5c8e1f98f17c/ht/Militants-gun-down-Finish-aid-workers-in-Afghanistan|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140806020136/http://www.afghanistansun.com/index.php/sid/224095835/scat/6e1d5c8e1f98f17c/ht/Militants-gun-down-Finish-aid-workers-in-Afghanistan|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 August 2014|accessdate=25 July 2014|publisher=Afghanistan Sun}}</ref>
*Syria: British aid worker [[David Cawthorne Haines]] was kidnapped near the Atmeh refugee camp in [[Idlib Province]] near the Turkish border.<ref name=bbc-3sept>{{cite news|last1=Robinson|first1=Nick|title=British hostage: PM says UK will not be 'cowed' by threats|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-29040550|accessdate=8 September 2014|work=[[BBC News]]|date=3 September 2014}}</ref> He was seized along with an Italian aid worker and two Syrians who were later freed.<ref name=bbc-3sept/> Haines was apparently executed by a member of the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] called [[Mohammed Emwazi]], in September 2014.<ref name=Reuters-video-purports-to-show-beheading>{{cite news|last1=Holmes|first1=Oliver|title=Islamic State video purports to show beheading of UK hostage David Haines|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-crisis-execution-idUSKBN0H80SE20140914|accessdate=14 September 2014|work=[[Reuters]]|date=14 September 2014}}</ref>
* [[Ukraine]]: An ICRC worker was killed by a shell in [[Donetsk]].

===2015===
*Afghanistan - October 30 - The [[Kunduz hospital airstrike]] by the [[United States military]] killed 42 [[Médecins Sans Frontières]] staff and patients.<ref name="Guardian_2015-12-12">{{Cite news |author=Chris Johnston and agencies |date=12 Dec 2015 |title=MSF Afghanistan hospital airstrike death toll reaches 42 |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/12/msf-afghanistan-hospital-airstrike-death-toll-42 |access-date=5 October 2021}}</ref>

===2016===
* Syria: Around twenty civilians and one [[Syrian Arab Red Crescent|SARC]] staff member were killed, as they were unloading trucks carrying vital humanitarian aid. Much of the aid was destroyed.<ref name="Syria: Attack on the humanitarian convoy is an attack on humanity">{{cite news|title=Syria: Attack on the humanitarian convoy is an attack on humanity|url=http://www.ifrc.org/en/news-and-media/press-releases/general/syria-attack-on-humanitarian-convoy-is-an-attack-on-humanity|accessdate=20 September 2016|date=20 September 2016}}.</ref>
* Nigeria: A humanitarian convoy was attacked in [[Borno State]] and a [[UNICEF]] worker was injured.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/media/media_92039.html|title=UNICEF statement on attack on humanitarian convoy in northeastern Nigeria|website=UNICEF|access-date=2019-09-11}}</ref>
* Afghanistan: Five Emiratis (Mohammed Ali Zainal Al Bastaki, Abdullah Mohammed Essa Obaid Al Kaabi, Ahmed Rashid Salim Ali Al Mazroui, Ahmed Abdul Rahman Ahmad Al Tunaiji, and Abdul Hamid Sultan Abdullah Ibrahim Al Hammadi) carrying out humanitarian work were killed in a terrorist bomb attack.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenational.ae/uae/five-emiratis-killed-in-afghanistan-attack-1.637336|title=Five Emiratis killed in Afghanistan attack|website=The National|date=11 January 2017|language=en|access-date=2019-09-11}}</ref>

=== 2017 ===

* Nigeria - January 17 - 6 aid workers were killed, 8 seriously wounded, and numerous civilians were killed following a government airstrike on a refugee camp in Rann, Borno State.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian fighter jet strikes refugees, aid workers in Borno|url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/17/africa/nigeria-airstrike-refugee-camp-aid-workers-killed/index.html|author1=Stephanie Busari |author2= Ibrahim Sawab|website=CNN|date=17 January 2017|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref> 
* Somalia - October 14 - 6 aid workers were killed and 13 seriously wounded by a vehicle-borne IED in Mogadishu.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Jason |last=Burke |date=2017-10-16|title=Mogadishu truck bomb: 500 casualties in Somalia's worst terrorist attack|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/15/truck-bomb-mogadishu-kills-people-somalia|access-date=2020-05-13|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

===2019===
* Kabul, Afghanistan: [[United Nations Development Programme]] aid workers were attacked and one, [[Anil Raj]], was killed.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191128014725/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-citizen-from-california-killed-in-afghanistan-attack/2019/11/26/bd2f6bf2-106d-11ea-924c-b34d09bbc948_story.html] The Washington Post, "US Citizen from California Killed in Afghanistan attack, Nov 26, 2019, </ref>
* An independent humanitarian research organization, Humanitarian Outcomes, conducted a survey revealing that in 2019, a record number of 277 major attacks took place against aid workers. Besides, 483 aid workers were killed, kidnapped or wounded in that year, which was the highest number since 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/aid-workers-attacks-humanitarian-work-syria-congo-a9673796.html|title=Attacks on aid workers reached record high in 2019, the humanitarian organisation says|accessdate=17 August 2020|website=The Independent|date=17 August 2020}}</ref>

=== 2020 ===

* Kabul, Afghanistan: An attack by gunmen on the maternity ward of Dasht-e-Barchi hospital, run by MSF, resulted in the death of at least 24 people – including mothers, young children, and an MSF midwife.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MSF pulls out of Kabul hospital after maternity ward attack|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/6/15/msf-pulls-out-of-kabul-hospital-after-maternity-ward-attack|access-date=2021-11-05|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Niger]]: An attack resulted in the death of eight people, of which seven were staff working for the French NGO ACTED, and one their guide.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-11|title=Troops launch manhunt after Niger aid worker killings, France initiates terror probe|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200811-troops-launch-manhunt-after-niger-aid-worker-killings-france-initiates-terror-probe|access-date=2021-11-05|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref>
* Yemen: In an attack on [[Aden]] airport, at least three ICRC staff were killed and three more injured.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-30|title=Yemen: 3 ICRC staff members killed in airport blast|url=https://www.icrc.org/en/document/yemen-2-icrc-staff-members-killed-1-unaccounted-after-airport-blast|access-date=2021-11-05|website=International Committee of the Red Cross|language=en}}</ref>
* Nigeria: Five aid workers of ACF were abducted and later executed in Borno state by Jihadists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200722-jihadists-northeastern-nigeria-execute-abducted-humanitarian-workers-islamic-state|title = Jihadists in northeast Nigeria execute five abducted humanitarian workers|date = 22 July 2020}}</ref>

=== 2021 ===

* Ethiopia: Three MSF staff were killed in the [[Tigray region]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ethiopia: Three MSF staff killed in attack|url=https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/what-we-do/news-stories/news/ethiopia-three-msf-staff-killed-attack|access-date=2021-11-05|website=Doctors Without Borders - USA|language=en}}</ref>

=== 2023 ===

* Gaza: Israeli forces kill five [[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies|IFRC]] members, one Palestinian ambulance driver, and four Palestinian paramedics in Gaza in two separate instances.<ref>https://www.ifrc.org/press-release/five-ifrc-network-members-killed-civilians-and-healthcare-workers-must-be-respected</ref>
* Gaza: Israeli forces killed 72 [[UNRWA]] personnel in [[2023 Israel–Hamas war|Gaza between October 7 and November 2]]. According to UNRWA, this is "the highest number of [[United Nations|UN]] civilian aid workers killed in a conflict in such a short time, in recent history."<ref>https://www.unrwa.org/resources/reports/unrwa-situation-report-no-21-situation-gaza-strip-and-west-bank-including-east-Jerusalem</ref>

===2024===
*Gaza: [[World Central Kitchen airstrike|An Israeli airstrike killed]] seven [[World Central Kitchen]] aid workers and their Palestinian driver after hitting their vehicle in the [[Gaza Strip]] on 2 April 2024.<ref name="cnn1">{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/04/01/middleeast/world-central-kitchen-killed-gaza-intl-hnk/index.html|title=Foreigners among World Central Kitchen staff killed in Israeli strike, Gaza authorities and aid group say|work=CNN|date=2 April 2024|accessdate=2 April 2024}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers]]
* [[Monument to Canadian Aid Workers]]
* [[World Humanitarian Day]]

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101007000103/http://cahr.info/index_files/page0029.htm IRC Suspends Activity in Afghanistan after the Murder of Four Employees] [[Central Asia Health Review]]. Aug. 14, 2008
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050417071043/http://www.unhcr.ch/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home/%2BNwwBmek8yLCwwwwqwwwwwwwhFqo20I0E2gltFqoGn5nwGqrAFqo20I0E2glcFqrwBwMx1wDzmxwwwwwww/opendoc.pdf UNHCR Report on Atambua killings]
* [https://www.hrw.org/wr2k1/special/refugees4.html Extract from Human Rights Watch report ''Refugees, Asylum Seekers, and Internally Displaced Persons'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070912223027/http://www.reliefweb.int/symposium/2002_symposium/PayingUltimatePrice97-01.html Paying the Ultimate Price: Analysis of the deaths of humanitarian aid workers  (1997–2001)]
* [http://www.aidworkers.net/?q=advice/security Security Advice for Aid Workers (Aid Workers Network)]
* [http://www.aidworkers.net/?q=node/809 ECHO Generic Security Guide for Humanitarian Organisations]
* [https://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/report/council-of-delegates-report-commission-humanitarian-action-181105.htm ICRC – Neutral and independent humanitarian action – Consolidated report of the Commissions]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060811060411/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/files/sas/publications/co_publi_pdf/2005/2005-no_relief-full_text.pdf Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue and Small Arms Survey]
* [http://translationexcellence.com/first-international-resolution-to-protect-interpreters-from-threats-kidnapping-injury-death-and-imprisonment/ Protect Interpreters from Threats, Kidnapping, Injury, Death and Imprisonment]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180810050013/http://cwcentre.org/ Christine Witcutt Memorial Fund]
* [http://www.redr.org.uk RedR UK – an international NGO that provides recruitment, training and support services for humanitarian professionals across the world]
*[http://www.centreforsafety.org Centre for Safety and Development]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090127001619/http://www.odi.org.uk/HPG/papers/hpgbrief24.pdf HPG -Providing aid in insecure environments: trends in policy and operations]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090207150348/http://www.odihpn.org/report.asp?ID=2584 HPG In the Line of Fire]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090228220246/http://www.odihpn.org/report.asp?ID=2743 HPG No Relief]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101214081952/http://www.alnap.org/pool/files/alnap-sohs-final.pdf ALNAP The State of the Humanitarian System]

{{Humanitarian Aid|state=collapsed}}{{War crimes}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Attacks On Humanitarian Workers}}
[[Category:Law of war]]
[[Category:Humanitarian aid]]
[[Category:Lists of attacks|humanitarian]]
[[Category:Violations of medical neutrality|*]]