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The city has its origins in five villages that served as the basis for a marketplace.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Indonesian Town Revisited |last=Nas |first=Peter J. M. |year=2002 |publisher=LIT Verlag |isbn=978-3-8258-6038-7}}</ref> It was known as [[Fort de Kock]] in colonial times in reference to the Dutch outpost established here in 1825 during the [[Padri War]]. |
The city has its origins in five villages that served as the basis for a marketplace.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Indonesian Town Revisited |last=Nas |first=Peter J. M. |year=2002 |publisher=LIT Verlag |isbn=978-3-8258-6038-7}}</ref> It was known as [[Fort de Kock]] in colonial times in reference to the Dutch outpost established here in 1825 during the [[Padri War]]. |
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The fort was founded by Captain Bauer at the top of Jirek hill and later named after the then [[Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies|Lieutenant Governor-General]] of the [[Dutch East Indies]], [[Hendrik Merkus de Kock]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Indonesian Houses |year=2004 |last=Domenig |author2=Nas, P |author3-link=Reimar Schefold |author3=Schefold, Reimar |first=Gaudenz |publisher=National University of Singapore Press |isbn=978-9971-69-292-6}}</ref> The first road connecting the region with the west coast was built between 1833 and 1841 via the Anai Gorge, easing troop movements, cutting the costs of transportation and providing an economic stimulus for the agricultural economy.<ref>{{cite journal |title=A Moving History of Middle Sumatra, 1600–1870 |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=1–38 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |year=2005 |last=Colombijn |first=Freek |doi=10.1017/S0026749X04001374 |
The fort was founded by Captain Bauer at the top of Jirek hill and later named after the then [[Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies|Lieutenant Governor-General]] of the [[Dutch East Indies]], [[Hendrik Merkus de Kock]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Indonesian Houses |year=2004 |last=Domenig |author2=Nas, P |author3-link=Reimar Schefold |author3=Schefold, Reimar |first=Gaudenz |publisher=National University of Singapore Press |isbn=978-9971-69-292-6}}</ref> The first road connecting the region with the west coast was built between 1833 and 1841 via the Anai Gorge, easing troop movements, cutting the costs of transportation and providing an economic stimulus for the agricultural economy.<ref>{{cite journal |title=A Moving History of Middle Sumatra, 1600–1870 |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=1–38 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |year=2005 |last=Colombijn |first=Freek |doi=10.1017/S0026749X04001374|url=https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/16df8c23-a7d9-4cf6-b012-076a27ae81d9 }}</ref> |
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In 1856 a teacher-training college (''Kweekschool'') was founded in the city, the first in Sumatra, as part of a policy to provide education opportunities to the indigenous population.<ref>{{cite book |title=Mission Schools in Batakland (Indonesia), 1861-1940 |last=Aritonang |first=Jan S. |publisher=BRILL |year=1994 |isbn=978-90-04-09967-8}}</ref> A rail line connecting the city with Payakumbuh and Padang was constructed between 1891 and 1894.<ref>{{cite web |author=Krishnamurti, Indra |title=History of Railways in Indonesia |date=9 December 2004 |url=http://keretapi.tripod.com/history.html |access-date=3 October 2007}}</ref> |
In 1856 a teacher-training college (''Kweekschool'') was founded in the city, the first in Sumatra, as part of a policy to provide education opportunities to the indigenous population.<ref>{{cite book |title=Mission Schools in Batakland (Indonesia), 1861-1940 |last=Aritonang |first=Jan S. |publisher=BRILL |year=1994 |isbn=978-90-04-09967-8}}</ref> A rail line connecting the city with Payakumbuh and Padang was constructed between 1891 and 1894.<ref>{{cite web |author=Krishnamurti, Indra |title=History of Railways in Indonesia |date=9 December 2004 |url=http://keretapi.tripod.com/history.html |access-date=3 October 2007}}</ref> |
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