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'''Cholestane''' is a [[Saturated and unsaturated compounds|saturated]] [[tetracyclic]] [[triterpene]]. This 27-carbon biomarker is produced by [[diagenesis]] of [[cholesterol]] and is one of the most abundant [[biomarker]]s in the rock record.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The biomarker guide.|last=Peters, Kenneth E. (Kenneth Eric), 1950-|date=2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521039987|oclc=1015511618}}</ref> Presence of cholestane, its derivatives and related chemical compounds in environmental samples is commonly interpreted as an indicator of animal life and/or traces of O<sub>2</sub>, as animals are known for exclusively producing cholesterol, and thus has been used to draw evolutionary relationships between ancient organisms of unknown phylogenetic origin and modern [[metazoan]] taxa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Bobrovskiy|first1=Ilya|last2=Hope|first2=Janet M.|last3=Ivantsov|first3=Andrey|last4=Nettersheim|first4=Benjamin J.|last5=Hallmann|first5=Christian|last6=Brocks|first6=Jochen J.|date=2018-09-20|title=Ancient steroids establish the Ediacaran fossil Dickinsonia as one of the earliest animals|journal=Science|volume=361|issue=6408|pages=1246–1249|doi=10.1126/science.aat7228|pmid=30237355|issn=0036-8075|bibcode=2018Sci...361.1246B|doi |
'''Cholestane''' is a [[Saturated and unsaturated compounds|saturated]] [[tetracyclic]] [[triterpene]]. This 27-carbon biomarker is produced by [[diagenesis]] of [[cholesterol]] and is one of the most abundant [[biomarker]]s in the rock record.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The biomarker guide.|last=Peters, Kenneth E. (Kenneth Eric), 1950-|date=2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521039987|oclc=1015511618}}</ref> Presence of cholestane, its derivatives and related chemical compounds in environmental samples is commonly interpreted as an indicator of animal life and/or traces of O<sub>2</sub>, as animals are known for exclusively producing cholesterol, and thus has been used to draw evolutionary relationships between ancient organisms of unknown phylogenetic origin and modern [[metazoan]] taxa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Bobrovskiy|first1=Ilya|last2=Hope|first2=Janet M.|last3=Ivantsov|first3=Andrey|last4=Nettersheim|first4=Benjamin J.|last5=Hallmann|first5=Christian|last6=Brocks|first6=Jochen J.|date=2018-09-20|title=Ancient steroids establish the Ediacaran fossil Dickinsonia as one of the earliest animals|journal=Science|volume=361|issue=6408|pages=1246–1249|doi=10.1126/science.aat7228|pmid=30237355|issn=0036-8075|bibcode=2018Sci...361.1246B|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cholesterol is made in low abundance by other organisms (e.g., [[Red algae|rhodophytes]], [[Embryophyte|land plants]]), but because these other organisms produce a variety of sterols it cannot be used as a conclusive indicator of any one taxon.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Combaut|first1=Georges|last2=Saenger|first2=Peter|date=April 1984|title=Sterols of the amansieae (rhodomelaceae: Rhodophyta)|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031942200850256|journal=Phytochemistry|volume=23|issue=4|pages=781–782|doi=10.1016/s0031-9422(00)85025-6|bibcode=1984PChem..23..781C |issn=0031-9422}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Sonawane|first1=Prashant D.|last2=Pollier|first2=Jacob|last3=Panda|first3=Sayantan|last4=Szymanski|first4=Jedrzej|last5=Massalha|first5=Hassan|last6=Yona|first6=Meital|last7=Unger|first7=Tamar|last8=Malitsky|first8=Sergey|last9=Arendt|first9=Philipp|last10=Pauwels|first10=Laurens|last11=Almekias-Siegl|first11=Efrat|date=2016-12-22|title=Plant cholesterol biosynthetic pathway overlaps with phytosterol metabolism|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nplants2016205|journal=Nature Plants|language=en|volume=3|issue=1|page=16205|doi=10.1038/nplants.2016.205|pmid=28005066|s2cid=5518449|issn=2055-0278}}</ref> It is often found in analysis of organic compounds in [[petroleum]]. |
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== Background == |
== Background == |
Copy and paste: – — ° ′ ″ ≈ ≠ ≤ ≥ ± − × ÷ ← → · § Cite your sources: <ref></ref>
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Symbols: ~ | ¡ ¿ † ‡ ↔ ↑ ↓ • ¶ # ∞ ‹› «» ¤ ₳ ฿ ₵ ¢ ₡ ₢ $ ₫ ₯ € ₠ ₣ ƒ ₴ ₭ ₤ ℳ ₥ ₦ № ₧ ₰ £ ៛ ₨ ₪ ৳ ₮ ₩ ¥ ♠ ♣ ♥ ♦ 𝄫 ♭ ♮ ♯ 𝄪 © ® ™
Latin: A a Á á À à  â Ä ä Ǎ ǎ Ă ă Ā ā à ã Å å Ą ą Æ æ Ǣ ǣ B b C c Ć ć Ċ ċ Ĉ ĉ Č č Ç ç D d Ď ď Đ đ Ḍ ḍ Ð ð E e É é È è Ė ė Ê ê Ë ë Ě ě Ĕ ĕ Ē ē Ẽ ẽ Ę ę Ẹ ẹ Ɛ ɛ Ǝ ǝ Ə ə F f G g Ġ ġ Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ģ ģ H h Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ḥ ḥ I i İ ı Í í Ì ì Î î Ï ï Ǐ ǐ Ĭ ĭ Ī ī Ĩ ĩ Į į Ị ị J j Ĵ ĵ K k Ķ ķ L l Ĺ ĺ Ŀ ŀ Ľ ľ Ļ ļ Ł ł Ḷ ḷ Ḹ ḹ M m Ṃ ṃ N n Ń ń Ň ň Ñ ñ Ņ ņ Ṇ ṇ Ŋ ŋ O o Ó ó Ò ò Ô ô Ö ö Ǒ ǒ Ŏ ŏ Ō ō Õ õ Ǫ ǫ Ọ ọ Ő ő Ø ø Œ œ Ɔ ɔ P p Q q R r Ŕ ŕ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ S s Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Š š Ş ş Ș ș Ṣ ṣ ß T t Ť ť Ţ ţ Ț ț Ṭ ṭ Þ þ U u Ú ú Ù ù Û û Ü ü Ǔ ǔ Ŭ ŭ Ū ū Ũ ũ Ů ů Ų ų Ụ ụ Ű ű Ǘ ǘ Ǜ ǜ Ǚ ǚ Ǖ ǖ V v W w Ŵ ŵ X x Y y Ý ý Ŷ ŷ Ÿ ÿ Ỹ ỹ Ȳ ȳ Z z Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž ß Ð ð Þ þ Ŋ ŋ Ə ə
Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я ́
IPA: t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ ʡ ʔ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ ɦ ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ ʙ ⱱ ʀ ɾ ɽ ɫ ɬ ɮ ɺ ɭ ʎ ʟ ɥ ʍ ɧ ʼ ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ɨ ʉ ɯ ɪ ʏ ʊ ø ɘ ɵ ɤ ə ɚ ɛ œ ɜ ɝ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ ʰ ʱ ʷ ʲ ˠ ˤ ⁿ ˡ ˈ ˌ ː ˑ ̪ {{IPA|}}
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