Template:PBB Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), also called plasma lipid transfer protein, is a plasma protein that facilitates the transport of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides between the lipoproteins. It collects triglycerides from very-low-density (VLDL) or low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and exchanges them for cholesteryl esters from high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and vice versa. Most of the time, however, CETP does a homoexchange, trading a triglyceride for a cholesteryl ester or a cholesteryl ester for a triglyceride.
The CETP gene is located on the sixteenth chromosome (16q21).
Rare mutations leading to increased function of CETP have been linked to accelerated atherosclerosis.[1] In contrast, a polymorphism (I405V) of the CETP gene leading to lower serum levels has also been linked to exceptional longevity [2] and to metabolic response to nutritional intervention.[3] However, this mutation also increases the prevalence of coronary heart disease in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.[4] The D442G mutation, which lowers CETP levels and increases HDL levels also increases coronary heart disease.[1]
Elaidic acid, a major component of trans fat, increases CETP activity.[5]
AsHDL can alleviate atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases, and certain disease states such as the metabolic syndrome feature low HDL, pharmacological inhibition of CETP is being studied as a method of improving HDL levels.[6] To be specific, in a 2004 study, the small molecular agent torcetrapib was shown to increase HDL levels, alone and with a statin, and lower LDL when co-administered with a statin.[7] Studies into cardiovascular endpoints, however, were largely disappointing. While they confirmed the change in lipid levels, most reported an increase in blood pressure, no change in atherosclerosis,[8][9] and, in a trial of a combination of torcetrapib and atorvastatin, an increase in cardiovascular events and mortality.[10]
A compound related to torcetrapib, Dalcetrapib (investigative name JTT-705/R1658), is also being studied.[11] It increases HDL levels by 30%, as compared to 60% by torcetrapib.[12] Another CETP inhibitor under development is Merck's MK-0859 anacetrapib, which in initial studies is not shown to increase blood pressure.[13]
Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. [§ 1]
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Fatty acid |
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Hormone |
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Metal/element |
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Vitamin |
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Pigment |
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Other |
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Lipids: lipoprotein particle metabolism
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Lipoprotein particle classes and subclasses |
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Apolipoproteins |
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Extracellular enzymes |
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Lipid transfer proteins |
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Cell surface receptors |
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ATP-binding cassette transporter |
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