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Before the table is served, it is strewn with a thin layer of straw and covered with a white cloth. The family members sit down at the table. Prior to tucking in, they all rise and a man or boy among them says a prayer, or they together sing the [[Troparion]] of the Nativity in [[Church Slavonic language]]:<ref name=spc>{{cite web |
Before the table is served, it is strewn with a thin layer of straw and covered with a white cloth. The family members sit down at the table. Prior to tucking in, they all rise and a man or boy among them says a prayer, or they together sing the [[Troparion]] of the Nativity in [[Church Slavonic language]]:<ref name=spc>{{cite web |
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| script-title |
| script-title=sr:Божићни празници и обичаји |
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| publisher = spcportal.org |
| publisher = spcportal.org |
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| language = sr |
| language = sr |
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| url = http://www.spcportal.org/index.php?pg=647&lang=sr |
| url = http://www.spcportal.org/index.php?pg=647&lang=sr |
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| access-date = 2008-12-08 |
| access-date = 2008-12-08}}</ref> |
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| archive-date = 2011-10-05 |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111005104931/http://www.spcportal.org/index.php?pg=647&lang=sr |
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| url-status = dead |
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}}</ref> |
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Christmas Eve being a [[Eastern Orthodox Church#Fasting|fast day]], the dinner is prepared in accordance with that, but it is copious and diverse in foods. Besides a round [[Leavening agent|unleavened]] loaf of bread called ''badnjački kolač'', and salt, which are necessary, this meal may comprise roast fish, cooked beans, [[sauerkraut]], noodles with ground walnuts, honey, and wine.<ref>{{cite web |
Christmas Eve being a [[Eastern Orthodox Church#Fasting|fast day]], the dinner is prepared in accordance with that, but it is copious and diverse in foods. Besides a round [[Leavening agent|unleavened]] loaf of bread called ''badnjački kolač'', and salt, which are necessary, this meal may comprise roast fish, cooked beans, [[sauerkraut]], noodles with ground walnuts, honey, and wine.<ref>{{cite web |
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| script-title |
| script-title=sr:Трпеза за Бадње вече |
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| publisher = [[Krstarica]] |
| publisher = [[Krstarica]] |
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| language = sr |
| language = sr |
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| work = Кувар |
| work = Кувар |
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| url = http://kuvar.krstarica.com/c/izdvajamo/svecanosti/trpeza-za-badnje-vece |
| url = http://kuvar.krstarica.com/c/izdvajamo/svecanosti/trpeza-za-badnje-vece |
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| ⚫ | | access-date = 2008-12-08}}</ref> It used to be served in some villages on a sack filled with straw, with the family seated around it on the floor.<ref name=v81/> In the north [[Dalmatia]]n region of [[Bukovica, Dalmatia|Bukovica]], a part of food that remained after the dinner used to be put on a potsherd, and taken to the rubbish heap.<ref name=border group=note/> Wolf was there invited for dinner, "My dear wolf, do not slaughter my sheep, here you are [[Groat (grain)|groat]]s! Here you are yours, and leave mine alone!"<ref name=ardalic>{{cite web |
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| access-date = 2008-12-08 |
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| archive-date = 2007-10-21 |
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| archive-url = https://archive.today/20071021082118/http://kuvar.krstarica.com/c/izdvajamo/svecanosti/trpeza-za-badnje-vece |
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| url-status = dead |
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| ⚫ | }}</ref> It used to be served in some villages on a sack filled with straw, with the family seated around it on the floor.<ref name=v81/> In the north [[Dalmatia]]n region of [[Bukovica, Dalmatia|Bukovica]], a part of food that remained after the dinner used to be put on a potsherd, and taken to the rubbish heap.<ref name=border group=note/> Wolf was there invited for dinner, "My dear wolf, do not slaughter my sheep, here you are [[Groat (grain)|groat]]s! Here you are yours, and leave mine alone!"<ref name=ardalic>{{cite web |
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| last = Ardalić |
| last = Ardalić |
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| first = Vladimir |
| first = Vladimir |
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| first = Mirjana |
| first = Mirjana |
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| year = 2006 |
| year = 2006 |
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| script-title |
| script-title=sr:Божићни обичаји Срба у Темишвару |
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| journal = Glasnik Etnografskog instituta SANU |
| journal = Glasnik Etnografskog instituta SANU |
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| volume = 54 |
| volume = 54 |
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| location = Belgrade |
| location = Belgrade |
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| language = sr |
| language = sr |
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| url = http://www.etno-institut.co.rs/GEI/GEI_LIV/mira.pdf |
| url = http://www.etno-institut.co.rs/GEI/GEI_LIV/mira.pdf}}</ref> |
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| access-date = 2009-04-04 |
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| archive-date = 2012-02-22 |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120222153512/http://www.etno-institut.co.rs/GEI/GEI_LIV/mira.pdf |
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| url-status = dead |
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}}</ref> |
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In central Serbia, once the household members have gone to bed, an elderly woman of the family sticks a knife into the house door from the inside. Alternatively, she puts a [[Crataegus monogyna|hawthorn]] stake by the door, hanging a wreath of [[garlic]] on it. This is done as a protection against [[curse]]s, [[Witchcraft|witch]]es, and [[demon]]s. For the same reason, children are rubbed with garlic on the palms, armpits, and soles before going to bed. In some regions, the men keep watch in shifts by the fireplace during the night, to keep the fire burning.<ref name=v81/><ref name=k/> |
In central Serbia, once the household members have gone to bed, an elderly woman of the family sticks a knife into the house door from the inside. Alternatively, she puts a [[Crataegus monogyna|hawthorn]] stake by the door, hanging a wreath of [[garlic]] on it. This is done as a protection against [[curse]]s, [[Witchcraft|witch]]es, and [[demon]]s. For the same reason, children are rubbed with garlic on the palms, armpits, and soles before going to bed. In some regions, the men keep watch in shifts by the fireplace during the night, to keep the fire burning.<ref name=v81/><ref name=k/> |
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Having said that, he moves the log a little forward and throws a coin into the fire. The woman of the house puts a woolen blanket on the ''polaznik'''s back, and seats him on a low stool by the fireplace. At the moment when he sits down, they try to pull away the stool beneath him, as if to make him fall on the floor. |
Having said that, he moves the log a little forward and throws a coin into the fire. The woman of the house puts a woolen blanket on the ''polaznik'''s back, and seats him on a low stool by the fireplace. At the moment when he sits down, they try to pull away the stool beneath him, as if to make him fall on the floor. The ''polaznik'' goes out into the yard, and throws grain inside a circle made with the rope with which Christmas straw has been tied, calling chickens. When they gather in the circle he catches a rooster, whose head is then cut off by him or the head of household on the house's threshold. The rooster will be roasted on a wooden spit as part of Christmas dinner. The ''polaznik'' usually stays for dinner with the family. He receives a gift in the form of a round cake with an embedded coin, and a towel, shirt, socks, or some other useful thing.<ref name=v87/> |
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A custom to use a domestic animal as a ''polaznik'' was kept in some regions until the first half of the 20th century. A sheep, ox, swine, or calf was led into the house on Christmas morning.<ref name=v87/> In the west Serbian region of Rađevina, centered on the town of [[Krupanj]], the head of household would place a sheep between himself and the fireplace, and pronounce the aforementioned words while striking the ''badnjak'' with a branch cut from it.<ref name=djurdjev/> In the region of [[Bihor, Montenegro|Bihor]], north-eastern [[Montenegro]], a round loaf of bread with a hole in its center was prepared; four grooves were impressed into its surface along two mutually perpendicular diameters of the loaf. After an ox was led into the house, the loaf was put on his horn, and some grain was thrown on the ox. Yanking his head, the ox would throw off the loaf; having fallen down, the loaf would break into four pieces along the grooves. The pieces were picked up and distributed among the family members. This custom was preserved up to the 1950s even in some Muslim families of the region.<ref>{{Cite book |
A custom to use a domestic animal as a ''polaznik'' was kept in some regions until the first half of the 20th century. A sheep, ox, swine, or calf was led into the house on Christmas morning.<ref name=v87/> In the west Serbian region of Rađevina, centered on the town of [[Krupanj]], the head of household would place a sheep between himself and the fireplace, and pronounce the aforementioned words while striking the ''badnjak'' with a branch cut from it.<ref name=djurdjev/> In the region of [[Bihor, Montenegro|Bihor]], north-eastern [[Montenegro]], a round loaf of bread with a hole in its center was prepared; four grooves were impressed into its surface along two mutually perpendicular diameters of the loaf. After an ox was led into the house, the loaf was put on his horn, and some grain was thrown on the ox. Yanking his head, the ox would throw off the loaf; having fallen down, the loaf would break into four pieces along the grooves. The pieces were picked up and distributed among the family members. This custom was preserved up to the 1950s even in some Muslim families of the region.<ref>{{Cite book |
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| year = 2003 |
| year = 2003 |
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| place = Belgrade |
| place = Belgrade |
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| ⚫ | | isbn = 86-83679-12-8}}</ref> [[Ethnologist]]s consider that the animal ''polažajnik'' is more ancient than the human one.<ref>Janićijević, p. 211</ref> |
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| isbn = 86-83679-12-8 |
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| access-date = 2009-04-04 |
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| archive-date = 2012-02-22 |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120222153503/http://etnoloskabiblioteka.co.rs/cir_citaonica.php5?id=5 |
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| url-status = dead |
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| ⚫ | }}</ref> [[Ethnologist]]s consider that the animal ''polažajnik'' is more ancient than the human one.<ref>Janićijević, p. 211</ref> |
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===Strong water=== |
===Strong water=== |
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===''Koleda''=== |
===''Koleda''=== |
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{{see also|Koliada}} |
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The ''[[Koledarenje|koleda]]'' was a custom that a group of young men, [[mask]]ed and costumed, went from house to house of their village singing special ''koleda'' songs and performing acts of magic intended to summon health, wealth, and prosperity for each household.<ref name=kulisic>{{cite book |
The ''[[Koledarenje|koleda]]'' was a custom that a group of young men, [[mask]]ed and costumed, went from house to house of their village singing special ''koleda'' songs and performing acts of magic intended to summon health, wealth, and prosperity for each household.<ref name=kulisic>{{cite book |
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|last = Kulišić |
|last = Kulišić |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Christmas in Serbia| ]] |
[[Category:Christmas in Serbia| ]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Serbian culture]] |
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[[Category:Serbian traditions]] |
[[Category:Serbian traditions]] |
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[[Category:Christmas traditions by country|Serbia]] |
[[Category:Christmas traditions by country|Serbia]] |
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Latin: A a Á á À à  â Ä ä Ǎ ǎ Ă ă Ā ā à ã Å å Ą ą Æ æ Ǣ ǣ B b C c Ć ć Ċ ċ Ĉ ĉ Č č Ç ç D d Ď ď Đ đ Ḍ ḍ Ð ð E e É é È è Ė ė Ê ê Ë ë Ě ě Ĕ ĕ Ē ē Ẽ ẽ Ę ę Ẹ ẹ Ɛ ɛ Ǝ ǝ Ə ə F f G g Ġ ġ Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ģ ģ H h Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ḥ ḥ I i İ ı Í í Ì ì Î î Ï ï Ǐ ǐ Ĭ ĭ Ī ī Ĩ ĩ Į į Ị ị J j Ĵ ĵ K k Ķ ķ L l Ĺ ĺ Ŀ ŀ Ľ ľ Ļ ļ Ł ł Ḷ ḷ Ḹ ḹ M m Ṃ ṃ N n Ń ń Ň ň Ñ ñ Ņ ņ Ṇ ṇ Ŋ ŋ O o Ó ó Ò ò Ô ô Ö ö Ǒ ǒ Ŏ ŏ Ō ō Õ õ Ǫ ǫ Ọ ọ Ő ő Ø ø Œ œ Ɔ ɔ P p Q q R r Ŕ ŕ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ S s Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Š š Ş ş Ș ș Ṣ ṣ ß T t Ť ť Ţ ţ Ț ț Ṭ ṭ Þ þ U u Ú ú Ù ù Û û Ü ü Ǔ ǔ Ŭ ŭ Ū ū Ũ ũ Ů ů Ų ų Ụ ụ Ű ű Ǘ ǘ Ǜ ǜ Ǚ ǚ Ǖ ǖ V v W w Ŵ ŵ X x Y y Ý ý Ŷ ŷ Ÿ ÿ Ỹ ỹ Ȳ ȳ Z z Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž ß Ð ð Þ þ Ŋ ŋ Ə ə
Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я ́
IPA: t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ ʡ ʔ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ ɦ ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ ʙ ⱱ ʀ ɾ ɽ ɫ ɬ ɮ ɺ ɭ ʎ ʟ ɥ ʍ ɧ ʼ ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ɨ ʉ ɯ ɪ ʏ ʊ ø ɘ ɵ ɤ ə ɚ ɛ œ ɜ ɝ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ ʰ ʱ ʷ ʲ ˠ ˤ ⁿ ˡ ˈ ˌ ː ˑ ̪ {{IPA|}}
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