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add wiktionary template to lead to the translations, I guess
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{{Short description|Type of rice dish}} |
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'''Flattened rice''' is a |
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{{Use Indian English|date=May 2024}} |
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{{Infobox prepared food |
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| name = Flattened rice |
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| image = poha.jpg |
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| image_size = 250px |
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| alternate_name = |
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| country = |
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| region = [[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asia]] |
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| course = |
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| type = |
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| main_ingredient = Dehusked rice |
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| variations = |
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| similar_dish = |
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| calories = |
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| other = |
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}} |
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| ⚫ | '''Flattened rice''' is a preparation of [[rice]] made from raw, toasted, or [[parboiled]] rice grains pounded into flat flakes.<ref name="Alford">{{cite book |last1=Alford |first1=Jeffrey |last2=Duguid |first2=Naomi |title=Seductions of rice |date=2003 |publisher=Artisan Books |location=New York |isbn=9781579655662 |page=30}}</ref> It is traditional to many rice-cultivating cultures in [[Southeast Asia]] and [[South Asia]].<ref name="Bladholm"/> It is also known as '''rice flakes''',<ref name="Smit">{{cite book |last1=Smit |first1=B.A. |title=A New Kind of Normal: Back to the Basics a Comprehensive Survival Guide for Eating Sugar -- Gluten -- Dairy and Yeast Free |date=2011 |publisher=Tuttle Publishing |isbn=9781426975127 |page=143}}</ref> '''beaten rice''', '''pounded rice''', '''pressed rice'''<ref name="Bladholm">{{cite book |last1=Bladholm |first1=Linda |title=The Indian Grocery Store Demystified: A Food Lover's Guide to All the Best Ingredients in the Traditional Foods of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh |date=2016 |publisher=St. Martin's Publishing Group |isbn=9781250120793 |pages=30–31}}</ref> or '''chipped rice'''. |
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It is toasted, fried, or used as ingredients or toppings for other dishes. Depending on their use, they can be crispy, crunchy, chewy, or soft in texture with a light nutty flavor. Much like [[oatmeal]], the term "flattened rice" and its equivalents in other languages may refer to the ingredient itself or a dish based on the ingredient. |
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==South Asia== |
==South Asia== |
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| ⚫ | Flattened rice is a breakfast staple in South Asia where it is called ''poha'', ''aval'', and other names depending on the local language. It is particularly popular in [[India]], [[Nepal]], and [[Bangladesh]]. ''Poha'' is made by de-husking rice grains and then [[parboiling]] or soaking them in hot water for 45 minutes. They are then dried, roasted, and then flattened with rollers. They usually come in thin, medium, and thick varieties. Thinner varieties are ideal for cooking and use in desserts, while thicker varieties are ideal for deep-frying.<ref name="Bladholm"/><ref name="Sodha">{{cite book |last1=Sodha |first1=Meera |title=Made in India: 130 Simple, Fresh and Flavourful Recipes from One Indian Family |date=2016 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=9780241278833}}</ref> ''Poha'' can be eaten as snacks such as [[Indori poha]], or cooked into various sweet, savory, or spicy dishes.<ref name="Bladholm"/> |
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[[File:Poha.jpg|thumb|''Poha'' from [[India]]]] |
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{{Main|Poha (rice)}} |
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| ⚫ |
Flattened rice is a breakfast staple in South Asia where it is |
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Flattened rice is called ''chiura'' in [[Nepali language|Nepali]] and ''baji'' in [[Newar language|Newar]]. It is part of the traditional [[samay baji]] platter, and holds an important place in the traditional [[Newar]] wedding ceremony. Chiura is usually included in the [[brideprice]]. After the initial wedding ceremony, the families escort the bride back to the groom’s house. During this procession, the pounded rice ceremony occurs. The bride and groom are seated next to one another, and the bride is given the chiura. The groom asks three times for the bride to give him the chiura, each time using [[T–V distinction|a less respectful form of the pronoun "you"]]. This ceremony reflects the married woman's diminished [[social status]] in traditional culture.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ahearn|first=Laura M. |year=2001|title=Invitations to Love: Literacy, Lover Letters, and Social Change in Nepal|publisher=University of Michigan Press|page=90}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebigfatindianwedding.com/2015/the-essential-guide-to-nepali-weddings-food-and-desserts/|title=The Essential Guide to Nepali Weddings: Food and Desserts|work=The Big Fat Indian Wedding|date=June 9, 2015}}</ref> |
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''Poha'' can be eaten as snacks or cooked into various sweet, savory, or spicy dishes.<ref name="Bladholm"/> |
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==Southeast Asia== |
==Southeast Asia== |
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===Cambodia=== |
===Cambodia=== |
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{{See also|Bon Om Touk#Og Ambok}} |
{{See also|Bon Om Touk#Og Ambok}} |
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Flattened rice is known in [[Cambodia]] as ''ambok''. It is made by toasting newly-harvested rice (with husks on) on a [[wok]], then pounding the heated rice with a large wooden [[mortar and pestle]] |
Flattened rice is known in [[Cambodia]] as ''ambok'' ({{lang-km|អំបុក}}). It is made by toasting newly-harvested rice (with husks on) on a [[wok]], then pounding the heated rice with a large wooden [[mortar and pestle]] until flat. The husks are then removed. Ambok plays a very significant role in the Cambodian Water Festival ([[Bon Om Touk]]). They are commonly eaten mixed with bananas, palm sugar, and coconut water; or roasted together with small shrimp.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cambodians Enjoy Ambok-Eating Day |url=https://cambodiatribune.com/cambodians-enjoy-ambok-eating-day/ |website=Cambodian Tribune |date=9 November 2019 |access-date=5 July 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183038/https://cambodiatribune.com/cambodians-enjoy-ambok-eating-day/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Khmer gather to eat ork ambok as disruption attempt foiled (photo gallery) |url=https://aecnewstoday.com/2019/khmer-gather-to-eat-ork-ambok-as-disruption-attempt-foiled/ |website=ACC News Today |date=10 November 2019|access-date=5 July 2021|last=Le Fevre|first=John}}</ref> |
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===Myanmar=== |
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Flattened rice in Myanmar is known as ''mont hsan'' ({{lang-my|မုန့်ဆန်း}}). In [[Lower Myanmar]], it is traditionally given as an offering to [[U Shin Gyi]], a guardian [[nat (spirit)]] of waterways. ''Mont hsan'' is also consumed in the Upper Myanmar, and is used as an ingredient in Burmese sweets called [[mont (food)|mont]]. |
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===Philippines=== |
===Philippines=== |
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[[File:Duman2jf.jpg|thumb|''Duman'', a variant of ''[[pinipig]]'' from the [[Philippines]]]] |
[[File:Duman2jf.jpg|thumb|''Duman'', a variant of ''[[pinipig]]'' from the [[Philippines]]]] |
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{{Main|Pinipig}} |
{{Main|Pinipig}} |
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Flattened rice in the [[Philippines]] is called ''[[pinipig]]''. It is made using immature [[glutinous rice]] grains, giving it a distinctive greenish color. It is de-husked first, pounded |
Flattened rice in the [[Philippines]] is called ''[[pinipig]]''. It is made using immature [[glutinous rice]] grains, giving it a distinctive greenish color. It is de-husked first, pounded in a mortar with a pestle, and then toasted or baked until crisp. They have a crunchy exterior with a chewy center. They are commonly eaten plain, used as toppings in desserts and drinks, or made into cakes.<ref name="lopez">{{cite book|author=Mellie Leandicho Lopez|title =A Study of Philippine Games|publisher =University of the Philippines Press|year =2001|page=139|isbn =9789715422956}}</ref><ref name="oxford">{{cite book|editor=Alan Davidson|title =The Oxford Companion to Food|publisher =Oxford University Press|year =2014|page=618|isbn =9780199677337}}</ref><ref name="bowen">{{cite book|editor =Jean Donald Bowen|title =Beginning Tagalog: A Course for Speakers of English|publisher =University of California Press|year =1965|page=85|isbn =9780520001565}}</ref><ref name="gs">{{cite web|url=http://www.gourmetsleuth.com/ingredients/detail/pinipig|title=Pinipig|publisher=Gourmet Sleuth|access-date=6 July 2015|archive-date=6 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706130901/http://www.gourmetsleuth.com/ingredients/detail/pinipig|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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A notable variant of the ''pinipig'' from [[Pampanga]] is the ''duman'', which differs in that it is toasted first before being pounded. It is celebrated annually in the Duman Festival of [[Santa Rita, Pampanga]].<ref name="duman">{{cite web|url=http://www.philstar.com:8080/food-and-leisure/187469/love-duman|title=For the love of duman |author=Mary Ann Quioc Tayag |date=11 December 2002|publisher=PhilStar|access-date=6 July 2015}}</ref> |
A notable variant of the ''pinipig'' from [[Pampanga]] is the ''duman'', which differs in that it is toasted first before being pounded. It is celebrated annually in the Duman Festival of [[Santa Rita, Pampanga]].<ref name="duman">{{cite web|url=http://www.philstar.com:8080/food-and-leisure/187469/love-duman|title=For the love of duman |author=Mary Ann Quioc Tayag |date=11 December 2002|publisher=PhilStar|access-date=6 July 2015}}</ref> |
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===Thailand=== |
===Thailand=== |
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Flattened rice is known as '' |
Flattened rice is known as ''khao mao'' ({{lang-th|ข้าวเม่า}}) in [[Thailand]]. Similar to the Philippine variant, it uses immature [[glutinous rice]] grains and is also green in color. It is made by soaking de-husked rice grains in water for several hours, steaming it in a bamboo container, toasting it in a wok, and then pounding it flat in a mortar with a pestle.<ref name="Ekasit">{{cite journal |last1=Ekasit |first1=O. |last2=Jiraporn |first2=B. |title=Some physical characteristics and bioactive compounds of young flattened rice (Khao-Mao) |journal=International Food Research Journal |date=2013 |pages=1323–1328 |url=http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my/20%20(03)%202013/42%20IFRJ%2020%20(03)%202013%20Ekasit%20(435).pdf}}</ref> |
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===Vietnam=== |
===Vietnam=== |
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[[File:Com.JPG|thumb|''[[Cốm]]'' from [[Vietnam]]]] |
[[File:Com.JPG|thumb|''[[Cốm]]'' from [[Vietnam]]]] |
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{{Main|Cốm}} |
{{Main|Cốm}} |
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Flattened rice in [[Vietnam]] is known as ''[[cốm]]''. It is also green in color. It is made by toasting immature rice grains in low heat and then pounding |
Flattened rice in [[Vietnam]] is known as ''[[cốm]]''. It is also green in color. It is made by toasting immature rice grains in low heat and then pounding them flat in a mortar with a pestle. The husk is removed afterwards via [[winnowing]]. It can be eaten plain, used as an ingredient in other dishes, or made into cakes known as ''bánh cốm''. It is commonly eaten during the [[Autumn]] season.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tran |first1=Rachel |title="Cốm" (Green Sticky Rice) – Autumn's Special Gift |url=https://vietnamdiscovery.com/culture-arts/com-green-sticky-rice/ |website=Vietnam Discovery |date=11 February 2020 |access-date=5 July 2021}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{wiktionary}} |
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*[[Rolled oats]] |
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*[[ |
* [[Rolled oats]] |
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*[[ |
* [[Puffed rice]] |
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* [[Rice Krispies]] |
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* [[List of rice dishes]] |
* [[List of rice dishes]] |
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| Region or state | South and Southeast Asia |
|---|---|
| Main ingredients | Dehusked rice |
Flattened rice is a preparation of rice made from raw, toasted, or parboiled rice grains pounded into flat flakes.[1] It is traditional to many rice-cultivating cultures in Southeast Asia and South Asia.[2] It is also known as rice flakes,[3] beaten rice, pounded rice, pressed rice[2]orchipped rice.
It is toasted, fried, or used as ingredients or toppings for other dishes. Depending on their use, they can be crispy, crunchy, chewy, or soft in texture with a light nutty flavor. Much like oatmeal, the term "flattened rice" and its equivalents in other languages may refer to the ingredient itself or a dish based on the ingredient.
Flattened rice is a breakfast staple in South Asia where it is called poha, aval, and other names depending on the local language. It is particularly popular in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Poha is made by de-husking rice grains and then parboiling or soaking them in hot water for 45 minutes. They are then dried, roasted, and then flattened with rollers. They usually come in thin, medium, and thick varieties. Thinner varieties are ideal for cooking and use in desserts, while thicker varieties are ideal for deep-frying.[2][4] Poha can be eaten as snacks such as Indori poha, or cooked into various sweet, savory, or spicy dishes.[2]
Flattened rice is called chiurainNepali and bajiinNewar. It is part of the traditional samay baji platter, and holds an important place in the traditional Newar wedding ceremony. Chiura is usually included in the brideprice. After the initial wedding ceremony, the families escort the bride back to the groom’s house. During this procession, the pounded rice ceremony occurs. The bride and groom are seated next to one another, and the bride is given the chiura. The groom asks three times for the bride to give him the chiura, each time using a less respectful form of the pronoun "you". This ceremony reflects the married woman's diminished social status in traditional culture.[5][6]
Flattened rice is known in Cambodiaasambok (Khmer: អំបុក). It is made by toasting newly-harvested rice (with husks on) on a wok, then pounding the heated rice with a large wooden mortar and pestle until flat. The husks are then removed. Ambok plays a very significant role in the Cambodian Water Festival (Bon Om Touk). They are commonly eaten mixed with bananas, palm sugar, and coconut water; or roasted together with small shrimp.[7][8]
Flattened rice in Myanmar is known as mont hsan (Burmese: မုန့်ဆန်း). In Lower Myanmar, it is traditionally given as an offering to U Shin Gyi, a guardian nat (spirit) of waterways. Mont hsan is also consumed in the Upper Myanmar, and is used as an ingredient in Burmese sweets called mont.
Flattened rice in the Philippines is called pinipig. It is made using immature glutinous rice grains, giving it a distinctive greenish color. It is de-husked first, pounded in a mortar with a pestle, and then toasted or baked until crisp. They have a crunchy exterior with a chewy center. They are commonly eaten plain, used as toppings in desserts and drinks, or made into cakes.[9][10][11][12]
A notable variant of the pinipig from Pampanga is the duman, which differs in that it is toasted first before being pounded. It is celebrated annually in the Duman Festival of Santa Rita, Pampanga.[13]
Flattened rice is known as khao mao (Thai: ข้าวเม่า) in Thailand. Similar to the Philippine variant, it uses immature glutinous rice grains and is also green in color. It is made by soaking de-husked rice grains in water for several hours, steaming it in a bamboo container, toasting it in a wok, and then pounding it flat in a mortar with a pestle.[14]
Flattened rice in Vietnam is known as cốm. It is also green in color. It is made by toasting immature rice grains in low heat and then pounding them flat in a mortar with a pestle. The husk is removed afterwards via winnowing. It can be eaten plain, used as an ingredient in other dishes, or made into cakes known as bánh cốm. It is commonly eaten during the Autumn season.[15]
