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m Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 9 templates: del empty params (5×); hyphenate params (9×);
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| SATCAT = 27783 |
| SATCAT = 27783 |
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| website = http://www.galex.caltech.edu/ |
| website = http://www.galex.caltech.edu/ |
||
| mission_duration = Planned: 29 months<ref name="nssdc">{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-017A |title=GALEX |work=[[National Space Science Data Center]] |publisher=[[NASA]] | |
| mission_duration = Planned: 29 months<ref name="nssdc">{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-017A |title=GALEX |work=[[National Space Science Data Center]] |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=September 14, 2015}}</ref> <br/> Final: {{time interval|28 April 2003 12:00|28 June 2013 19:09|show=ymd|sep=,}}<ref name="jpl-missions-galex">{{cite web |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/galaxy-evolution-explorer-galex/ |title=Mission to Universe: Galaxy Evolution Explorer |publisher=NASA |access-date=September 14, 2015}}</ref><ref name="decommission">{{cite press release |url=http://www.galex.caltech.edu/newsroom/glx2013-03r.html |title=NASA Decommissions Its Galaxy Hunter Spacecraft |publisher=[[California Institute of Technology]] |date=June 28, 2013 |access-date=September 14, 2015}}</ref> |
||
| manufacturer = [[Orbital Sciences Corporation|Orbital Sciences]] |
| manufacturer = [[Orbital Sciences Corporation|Orbital Sciences]] |
||
| launch_mass = {{convert|277|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="galex-prkit">{{cite web |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/galex.pdf |title=Press Kit: Galaxy Evolution Explorer Launch |publisher=NASA |date=April 2003 | |
| launch_mass = {{convert|277|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="galex-prkit">{{cite web |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/galex.pdf |title=Press Kit: Galaxy Evolution Explorer Launch |publisher=NASA |date=April 2003 |access-date=September 14, 2015}}</ref> |
||
| payload_mass = |
| payload_mass = |
||
| dimensions = {{convert|9|xx|6.5|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}}<ref name="galex-basics">{{cite web |url=http://www.galex.caltech.edu/about/basics.html |title=GALEX Basics |publisher=California Institute of Technology | |
| dimensions = {{convert|9|xx|6.5|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}}<ref name="galex-basics">{{cite web |url=http://www.galex.caltech.edu/about/basics.html |title=GALEX Basics |publisher=California Institute of Technology |access-date=September 14, 2015}}</ref> |
||
| power = 290 W<ref name="galex-prkit"/> |
| power = 290 W<ref name="galex-prkit"/> |
||
| launch_date = {{start-date|April 28, 2003, 12:00|timezone=yes}} UTC<ref name="nssdc-launch">{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-017A |title=GALEX - Trajectory Details |work=[[National Space Science Data Center]] |publisher=NASA | |
| launch_date = {{start-date|April 28, 2003, 12:00|timezone=yes}} UTC<ref name="nssdc-launch">{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-017A |title=GALEX - Trajectory Details |work=[[National Space Science Data Center]] |publisher=NASA |access-date=September 14, 2015}}</ref> |
||
| launch_rocket = [[Pegasus (rocket)|Pegasus XL]] |
| launch_rocket = [[Pegasus (rocket)|Pegasus XL]] |
||
| launch_site = ''[[Stargazer (aircraft)|Stargazer]]'', [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral]] |
| launch_site = ''[[Stargazer (aircraft)|Stargazer]]'', [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral]] |
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Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
| orbit_mean_anomaly = 144.9927° |
| orbit_mean_anomaly = 144.9927° |
||
| orbit_mean_motion = 14.62146 rev/day |
| orbit_mean_motion = 14.62146 rev/day |
||
| orbit_epoch = April 22, 2019 18:10:09 UTC<ref name="Space-Track">{{cite web |url=https://www.space-track.org | title=TLE | |
| orbit_epoch = April 22, 2019 18:10:09 UTC<ref name="Space-Track">{{cite web |url=https://www.space-track.org | title=TLE | access-date=April 23, 2019}}</ref> |
||
| orbit_rev_number = 85423 |
| orbit_rev_number = 85423 |
||
| apsis = gee |
| apsis = gee |
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Line 68: | Line 68: | ||
After its primary mission of 29 months, observation operations were extended to almost 9 years with NASA placing it into standby mode on 7 Feb 2012.<ref>[http://www.universetoday.com/93409/galex-mission-comes-to-an-end/ GALEX ends]</ref> |
After its primary mission of 29 months, observation operations were extended to almost 9 years with NASA placing it into standby mode on 7 Feb 2012.<ref>[http://www.universetoday.com/93409/galex-mission-comes-to-an-end/ GALEX ends]</ref> |
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NASA cut off financial support for operations of GALEX in early February 2011 as it was ranked lower than other projects which were seeking a limited supply of funding. The mission's life-cycle cost to NASA was $150.6 million. The [[California Institute of Technology]] negotiated to transfer control of GALEX and its associated ground control equipment to the California Institute of Technology in keeping with the [[Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980|Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act]]. Under this Act, excess research equipment owned by the US government can be transferred to educational institutions and [[Nonprofit organization|non-profit organizations]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Stephen Clark |title=NASA, Caltech mull over unique satellite donation |url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1202/10galex/ |work=Spaceflight Now |date=10 February 2011 | |
NASA cut off financial support for operations of GALEX in early February 2011 as it was ranked lower than other projects which were seeking a limited supply of funding. The mission's life-cycle cost to NASA was $150.6 million. The [[California Institute of Technology]] negotiated to transfer control of GALEX and its associated ground control equipment to the California Institute of Technology in keeping with the [[Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980|Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act]]. Under this Act, excess research equipment owned by the US government can be transferred to educational institutions and [[Nonprofit organization|non-profit organizations]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Stephen Clark |title=NASA, Caltech mull over unique satellite donation |url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1202/10galex/ |work=Spaceflight Now |date=10 February 2011 |access-date=2010-02-17}}</ref> In May 2012, GALEX operations were transferred to Caltech.<ref name=woo>[http://phys.org/news/2012-05-nasa-ultraviolet-space-telescope-caltech.html Marcus Woo - NASA lends ultraviolet space telescope to Caltech (May 17, 2012) - Phys.org]</ref> |
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On June 28, 2013 NASA decommissioned GALEX. It is expected that the spacecraft will remain in orbit for at least 65 years before it will re-enter the atmosphere.<ref>[http://www.galex.caltech.edu/newsroom/glx2013-03r.html NASA Decommissions Its Galaxy Hunter Spacecraft]</ref> |
On June 28, 2013 NASA decommissioned GALEX. It is expected that the spacecraft will remain in orbit for at least 65 years before it will re-enter the atmosphere.<ref>[http://www.galex.caltech.edu/newsroom/glx2013-03r.html NASA Decommissions Its Galaxy Hunter Spacecraft]</ref> |
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[[File:GALEX Field of View.jpg|thumb|left|GALEX field of view compared to a full Moon]] |
[[File:GALEX Field of View.jpg|thumb|left|GALEX field of view compared to a full Moon]] |
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The telescope made observations in [[ultraviolet]] wavelengths to measure the history of [[star]] formation in the [[universe]] 80 percent of the way back to the [[Big Bang]]. Since scientists believe the Universe to be about 13.8 billion years old,<ref>{{cite web |
The telescope made observations in [[ultraviolet]] wavelengths to measure the history of [[star]] formation in the [[universe]] 80 percent of the way back to the [[Big Bang]]. Since scientists believe the Universe to be about 13.8 billion years old,<ref>{{cite web |title=Cosmic Detectives |url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Cosmic_detectives |publisher=The European Space Agency (ESA) |date=2013-04-02 |access-date=2013-04-26}}</ref> the mission will study [[galaxy|galaxies]] and stars across about 10 billion years of cosmic history. |
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The [[space observatory|spacecraft's]] mission was to observe hundreds of thousands of [[galaxy|galaxies]], with the goal of determining the distance of each galaxy from Earth and the rate of [[star formation]] in each galaxy. Near- and far-UV emissions as measured by GALEX can indicate the presence of young stars, but may also originate from old stellar populations (e.g. [[sdB stars]]). |
The [[space observatory|spacecraft's]] mission was to observe hundreds of thousands of [[galaxy|galaxies]], with the goal of determining the distance of each galaxy from Earth and the rate of [[star formation]] in each galaxy. Near- and far-UV emissions as measured by GALEX can indicate the presence of young stars, but may also originate from old stellar populations (e.g. [[sdB stars]]). |
![]()
Illustration of GALEX
| |
Names | Explorer-83, SMEX-7 |
---|---|
Mission type | Ultraviolet astronomy |
Operator | NASA / JPL Caltech |
COSPAR ID | 2003-017A ![]() |
SATCAT no. | 27783 |
Website | http://www.galex.caltech.edu/ |
Mission duration | Planned: 29 months[1] Final: 10 years, 2 months[2][3] |
Spacecraft properties | |
Manufacturer | Orbital Sciences |
Launch mass | 277 kg (611 lb)[4] |
Dimensions | 2.7 × 2.0 m (9 × 6.5 ft)[5] |
Power | 290 W[4] |
Start of mission | |
Launch date | April 28, 2003, 12:00 (2003-04-28UTC12Z) UTC[6] |
Rocket | Pegasus XL |
Launch site | Stargazer, Cape Canaveral |
Contractor | Orbital Sciences |
Entered service | May 28, 2003[2] |
End of mission | |
Disposal | Decommissioned |
Deactivated | June 28, 2013, 19:09 (2013-06-28UTC19:10Z) UTC[3] |
Orbital parameters | |
Reference system | Geocentric |
Regime | Low Earth |
Semi-major axis | 7,065.55 km (4,390.33 mi) |
Eccentricity | 0.0003692 |
Perigee altitude | 684.261 km (425.180 mi) |
Apogee altitude | 689.478 km (428.422 mi) |
Inclination | 28.9980° |
Period | 98.4855 minutes |
RAAN | 285.5367° |
Argument of perigee | 215.0418° |
Mean anomaly | 144.9927° |
Mean motion | 14.62146 rev/day |
Epoch | April 22, 2019 18:10:09 UTC[7] |
Revolution no. | 85423 |
Main telescope | |
Type | Ritchey–Chrétien[1] |
Diameter | 50 cm (19.7 in)[1] |
Wavelengths | 135–280 nm (Ultraviolet)[1] |
← RHESSI
AIM →
|
The Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) was an orbiting ultraviolet space telescope which was launched on April 28, 2003 and operated until early 2012 (decommissioned in June 2013).
An airlaunched Pegasus rocket placed the craft into a nearly circular orbit at an altitude of 697 kilometres (433 mi) and an inclination to the Earth's equator of 29 degrees.
The first observation was dedicated to the crew of the Space Shuttle Columbia, and was images in the constellationofHercules taken on May 21, 2003. This region was selected because it had been directly overhead the shuttle at the time of its last contact with the NASA Mission Control Center.
After its primary mission of 29 months, observation operations were extended to almost 9 years with NASA placing it into standby mode on 7 Feb 2012.[8]
NASA cut off financial support for operations of GALEX in early February 2011 as it was ranked lower than other projects which were seeking a limited supply of funding. The mission's life-cycle cost to NASA was $150.6 million. The California Institute of Technology negotiated to transfer control of GALEX and its associated ground control equipment to the California Institute of Technology in keeping with the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act. Under this Act, excess research equipment owned by the US government can be transferred to educational institutions and non-profit organizations.[9] In May 2012, GALEX operations were transferred to Caltech.[10]
On June 28, 2013 NASA decommissioned GALEX. It is expected that the spacecraft will remain in orbit for at least 65 years before it will re-enter the atmosphere.[11]
The telescope made observations in ultraviolet wavelengths to measure the history of star formation in the universe 80 percent of the way back to the Big Bang. Since scientists believe the Universe to be about 13.8 billion years old,[12] the mission will study galaxies and stars across about 10 billion years of cosmic history.
The spacecraft's mission was to observe hundreds of thousands of galaxies, with the goal of determining the distance of each galaxy from Earth and the rate of star formation in each galaxy. Near- and far-UV emissions as measured by GALEX can indicate the presence of young stars, but may also originate from old stellar populations (e.g. sdB stars).
Partnering with the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) on the mission were the California Institute of Technology, Orbital Sciences Corporation, University of California, Berkeley, Yonsei University, Johns Hopkins University, Columbia University, and Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, France.
The observatory participated in GOALS with Spitzer, Chandra, and Hubble.[13] GOALS stands for Great Observatories All-sky LIRG Survey, and Luminous Infrared Galaxies were studied at the multiple wavelengths allowed by the telescopes.[13]
The telescope had a 50 cm diameter aperture primary, in a Richey-Chretien f/6 configuration.[14] It can see light wavelengths from 135 nanometers to 280 nm,[14] with a field of view of 1.2 degrees wide[14] (larger than a full moon). It had gallium-arsenide solar cells which supply nearly 300 watts to the spacecraft.[14]
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ). |