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It is most often performed for patients with certain [[cancer]]s of the [[blood]] or [[bone marrow]], such as [[multiple myeloma]] or [[leukemia]].<ref name="HSCT1"/> In these cases, the recipient's immune system is usually destroyed with radiation or chemotherapy before the transplantation. Infection and [[graft-versus-host disease]] are major complications of [[Allotransplantation|allogeneic]] HSCT.<ref name="HSCT1"/> |
It is most often performed for patients with certain [[cancer]]s of the [[blood]] or [[bone marrow]], such as [[multiple myeloma]] or [[leukemia]].<ref name="HSCT1"/> In these cases, the recipient's immune system is usually destroyed with radiation or chemotherapy before the transplantation. Infection and [[graft-versus-host disease]] are major complications of [[Allotransplantation|allogeneic]] HSCT.<ref name="HSCT1"/> |
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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains a dangerous procedure with many possible complications; it is reserved for patients with life-threatening diseases. As survival following the procedure has increased, its use has expanded beyond cancer to [[autoimmune diseases]]<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Tyndall A, Fassas A, Passweg J, etal |title=Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplants for autoimmune disease–feasibility and transplant-related mortality. Autoimmune Disease and Lymphoma Working Parties of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, the European League Against Rheumatism and the International Stem Cell Project for Autoimmune Disease |journal=Bone Marrow Transplant |volume=24 |issue=7 |pages=729–34 |year=1999 |pmid=10516675 |doi=10.1038/sj.bmt.1701987|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Burt RK, Loh Y, Pearce W, etal |title=Clinical applications of blood-derived and marrow-derived stem cells for nonmalignant diseases |journal=JAMA |volume=299 |issue=8 |pages=925–36 |year=2008 |pmid=18314435 |doi=10.1001/jama.299.8.925|doi-access=free }}</ref> and hereditary [[skeletal dysplasia]]s; notably [[malignant infantile osteopetrosis]]<ref name= elsobky2017>{{cite journal |last1=EL-Sobky |first1=Tamer Ahmed |last2=El-Haddad |first2=Alaa |last3=Elsobky |first3=Ezzat |last4=Elsayed |first4=Solaf M. |last5=Sakr |first5=Hossam Moussa |title=Reversal of skeletal radiographic pathology in a case of malignant infantile osteopetrosis following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |journal=The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine |date=March 2017 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=237–43 |doi=10.1016/j.ejrnm.2016.12.013 |doi-access=free | name-list- |
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains a dangerous procedure with many possible complications; it is reserved for patients with life-threatening diseases. As survival following the procedure has increased, its use has expanded beyond cancer to [[autoimmune diseases]]<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Tyndall A, Fassas A, Passweg J, etal |title=Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplants for autoimmune disease–feasibility and transplant-related mortality. Autoimmune Disease and Lymphoma Working Parties of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, the European League Against Rheumatism and the International Stem Cell Project for Autoimmune Disease |journal=Bone Marrow Transplant |volume=24 |issue=7 |pages=729–34 |year=1999 |pmid=10516675 |doi=10.1038/sj.bmt.1701987|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Burt RK, Loh Y, Pearce W, etal |title=Clinical applications of blood-derived and marrow-derived stem cells for nonmalignant diseases |journal=JAMA |volume=299 |issue=8 |pages=925–36 |year=2008 |pmid=18314435 |doi=10.1001/jama.299.8.925|doi-access=free }}</ref> and hereditary [[skeletal dysplasia]]s; notably [[malignant infantile osteopetrosis]]<ref name= elsobky2017>{{cite journal |last1=EL-Sobky |first1=Tamer Ahmed |last2=El-Haddad |first2=Alaa |last3=Elsobky |first3=Ezzat |last4=Elsayed |first4=Solaf M. |last5=Sakr |first5=Hossam Moussa |title=Reversal of skeletal radiographic pathology in a case of malignant infantile osteopetrosis following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |journal=The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine |date=March 2017 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=237–43 |doi=10.1016/j.ejrnm.2016.12.013 |doi-access=free | name-list-style=vanc}}</ref><ref name= Hashemi2015>{{cite journal |last1=Hashemi Taheri |first1=Amir Pejman |last2=Radmard |first2=Amir Reza |last3=Kooraki |first3=Soheil |last4=Behfar |first4=Maryam |last5=Pak |first5=Neda |last6=Hamidieh |first6=Amir Ali |last7=Ghavamzadeh |first7=Ardeshir |title=Radiologic resolution of malignant infantile osteopetrosis skeletal changes following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |journal=Pediatric Blood & Cancer |date=September 2015 |volume=62 |issue=9 |pages=1645–49 |doi=10.1002/pbc.25524 |pmid=25820806 |s2cid=11287381 | name-list-style=vanc}}</ref> and [[mucopolysaccharidosis]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Langereis |first1=Eveline J. |last2=den Os |first2=Matthijs M. |last3=Breen |first3=Catherine |last4=Jones |first4=Simon A. |last5=Knaven |first5=Olga C. |last6=Mercer |first6=Jean |last7=Miller |first7=Weston P. |last8=Kelly |first8=Paula M. |last9=Kennedy |first9=Jim |last10=Ketterl |first10=Tyler G. |last11=O'Meara |first11=Anne |last12=Orchard |first12=Paul J. |last13=Lund |first13=Troy C. |last14=van Rijn |first14=Rick R. |last15=Sakkers |first15=Ralph J. |last16=White |first16=Klane K. |last17=Wijburg |first17=Frits A. |title=Progression of Hip Dysplasia in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I Hurler After Successful Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation |journal=The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery |date=March 2016 |volume=98 |issue=5 |pages=386–95 |doi=10.2106/JBJS.O.00601 |pmid=26935461 | name-list-style=vanc}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
Haematopoietic system | |
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Sites of haematopoiesis periods before and after birth.
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Details | |
Function | Creation of the cells of blood. |
Identifiers | |
MeSH | D006413 |
FMA | 9667 |
Anatomical terminology |
The haematopoietic system is the system in the body involved in the creation of the cells of blood.[1]
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the medulla of the bone (bone marrow) and have the unique ability to give rise to all of the different mature blood cell types and tissues.[2] HSCs are self-renewing cells: when they differentiate, at least some of their daughter cells remain as HSCs, so the pool of stem cells is not depleted.This phenomenon is called asymmetric division.[3] The other daughters of HSCs (myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells) can follow any of the other differentiation pathways that lead to the production of one or more specific types of blood cell, but cannot renew themselves. The pool of progenitors is heterogeneous and can be divided into two groups; long-term self-renewing HSC and only transiently self-renewing HSC, also called short-terms.[4] This is one of the main vital processes in the body.
In developing embryos, blood formation occurs in aggregates of blood cells in the yolk sac, called blood islands. As development progresses, blood formation occurs in the spleen, liver and lymph nodes. When bone marrow develops, it eventually assumes the task of forming most of the blood cells for the entire organism.[2] However, maturation, activation, and some proliferation of lymphoid cells occurs in the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes. In children, haematopoiesis occurs in the marrow of the long bones such as the femur and tibia. In adults, it occurs mainly in the pelvis, cranium, vertebrae, and sternum.[5]
Haematopoiesis (from Greek αἷμα, "blood" and ποιεῖν "to make"; also hematopoiesis in American English; sometimes also haemopoiesis or hemopoiesis) is the formation of blood cellular components. All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells.[2] In a healthy adult person, approximately 1011–1012 new blood cells are produced daily in order to maintain steady state levels in the peripheral circulation.[6][7]
All blood cells are divided into three lineages.[8]
Astem cell transplant is a transplant intended to replace the progenitor hematopoietic stem cells
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood.[9][10][11] It may be autologous (the patient's own stem cells are used), allogeneic (the stem cells come from a donor) or syngeneic (from an identical twin).[9][10]
It is most often performed for patients with certain cancers of the bloodorbone marrow, such as multiple myelomaorleukemia.[10] In these cases, the recipient's immune system is usually destroyed with radiation or chemotherapy before the transplantation. Infection and graft-versus-host disease are major complications of allogeneic HSCT.[10]
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains a dangerous procedure with many possible complications; it is reserved for patients with life-threatening diseases. As survival following the procedure has increased, its use has expanded beyond cancer to autoimmune diseases[12][13] and hereditary skeletal dysplasias; notably malignant infantile osteopetrosis[14][15] and mucopolysaccharidosis.[16]
{{cite journal}}
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(help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Human systems and organs
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Musculoskeletal system |
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Circulatory system |
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Nervous system |
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Integumentary system |
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Haematopoietic and immune systems |
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Respiratory system |
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Digestive system |
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Urinary system |
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Reproductive system |
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Endocrine system |
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