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Hsinchu

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Hsinchu 新竹[I] Shinchiku
City
Hsinchu City
Clockwise from top: Hsinchu Railway Station, Hsinchu City Government Building, Hsinchu City East Gate, Hsinchu Chenghuang Temple, Hsinchu Zoo, Hsinchu City Moat Park, Hsinchu City Art Gallery and Reclamation Hall
Flag Logo
Nickname:  Windy City (風城) or Chu City (竹市)
Hsinchu Location within Taiwan
Coordinates: 24°49′N 120°59′E / 24.817°N 120.983°E / 24.817; 120.983
Country	Republic of China (Taiwan)
Province	Taiwan Province (government suspended)
Region	Northern Taiwan
First mentioned as Tek-kham	1626
City established	1711
Renamed to Hsinchu	1878
Part of Shinchiku Prefecture	17 April 1895
Reconstituted as a provincial city	9 November 1945
Demoted to county-administered city within Hsinchu County	1 December 1951
Provincial city status restored	1 July 1982
Seat	North District
Districts	3 districts East North Xiangshan
Government
• Body	Hsinchu City Government Hsinchu City Council
• Mayor	Ann Kao (TPP)
Area [1]
• Total	104.15 km2 (40.21 sq mi)
• Rank	20 out of 22
Population  (March 2023)[2]
• Total	453,536
• Rank	15 of 22
• Density	4,400/km2 (11,000/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+8 (National Standard Time)
Postal code	300
Area code	(0)3
ISO 3166 code	TW-HSZ
Bird	Eurasian magpie (Pica pica)
Flower	Azalea
Website	www.hccg.gov.tw/en/

Hsinchu^[I] (/ˈʃɪnˈdʒuː/,^[3]) is a city located in northwestern Taiwan. It is the most populous city in Taiwan that is not a special municipality, with estimated 450,655 inhabitants.^[4] Hsinchu is a coastal city bordering the Taiwan Strait to the west, Hsinchu County to the north and east, and Miaoli County to the south. Hsinchu is nicknamed the Windy City for its strong northeastern monsoon during the autumn and winter seasons.^[5]

The area was originally settled by the Austronesian Taiwanese indigenous peoples, with the settlement being named "Tek-kham" by the Hoklo immigrants. The city was founded by Han Chinese settlers in 1711, and renamed "Hsinchu" in 1878. During Japanese rule, the city was named "Shinchiku" and was the seat of Shinchiku Prefecture. The prefecture encompassed present-day Hsinchu City and County, as well as entire Taoyuan and Miaoli. After the ROC rule in 1945, the urban area of Hsinchu was organized as a provincial city.

In 1980, the Taiwanese government established the Hsinchu Science Park, an industrial centre for semiconductor manufacturing. The headquarters of TSMC, a semiconductor foundry, MediaTek and United Microelectronics Corporation, are all located in the park.^{[citation needed]}

Besides its industry, Hsinchu is a cultural center of Taiwan.^[6] The Chenghuang Temple of Hsinchu, built in 1747, is a common prayer destination. The research institutions of National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and National Tsing Hua University are both located near the science park.

Etymology

Hsin-chu is the Wade-Giles romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of the Chinese name 新竹. The same name is rendered XīnzhúinHanyu Pinyin and SinjhúinTongyong Pinyin.

This name refers to the settlement's original Hokkien name Tek-chhàm (竹塹),^[7] meaning "bamboo barrier".^[8] The name may transcribe an aboriginal^[which?] name meaning "Seashore".^{[citation needed]} The same name is variously recorded as Teukcham,^[9] Teuxham,^[9] Tekcham,^[10] and Teckcham;^[11] its Mandarin pronunciation appears as Chuchien.^[8]

Hsinchu is popularly nicknamed "The Windy City" for its windy climate^[12] and "The Garden City of Culture and Technology" by its tourism department.^[8]

History

Early settlement

The area around Hsinchu City was inhabited by the Taokas aborigines^{[citation needed][13]} when the Spanish occupied northern Taiwan in the 17th century. Catholic missionaries reached the settlement of Tek-kham in 1626. The Spanish were expelled by the Dutch a few decades later.

Qing Dynasty

Under the Qing, a Chinese town was established at Tek-kham by Wang Shih-chieh [zh] and other Han settlers in 1711.^[8] Wang and his party of over 180 people were natives of Kinmen who first camped alongside what is now Dongqian Street in East District, Hsinchu.^[14]

As part of the reorganization of Taiwan by Shen Baozhen, the viceroy of Liangjiang, Zhuqian Subprefecture (i.e., Tek-kham) was raised to the level of a county and renamed Xinzhu (i.e., Sin-tek or Hsinchu) in 1878.^[15] When Taiwan was made a province in 1887, Hsinchu was made a part of Taipeh Prefecture.

Japanese rule

During the Japanese occupation following the First Sino-Japanese War, the city—known at the time as Shinchiku—was among the province's most populous. In 1904, its 16,371 residents ranked it in 7th place, behind Keelung and ahead of Changhua ("Shoka"). Shinchiku was raised to town status in 1920 and city status in 1930. At the same time, it became the seat of Shinchiku Prefecture. In 1941, its prefecture was expanded, annexing Xiangshan ("Kōzan"). Jiugang ("Kyūminato") and Liujia ("Rokka") merged to become Zhubei ("Chikuhoku").

Republic of China

The Nationalist government of the Republic of China established the Hsinchu City Government in 1945 to oversee all of what had been Shinchiku Prefecture under the Japanese.

In 1946, the Take-Over Committee dissolved and replaced by the Hsinchu County Government, located in Taoyuan. As the administrative districts were readjusted, Hsinchu was granted provincial city status. It used the old prefecture office as its city hall at 120 Chung Cheng Road. In February 1946, representative congresses were formed for seven district offices. On 15 April, the city congress was formed. Provincial representatives were elected from among the city legislators.

On 16 August 1950, the administrative districts on Taiwan were re-adjusted once more, demarcating 16 counties and 5 provincial cities.

In June 1982, under presidential order, the Xiangshan TownshipofHsinchu County merged into Hsinchu City. A new municipal government was formally established on 1 July 1982, comprising 103 villages and 1,635 neighborhoods. These were organized into the East, North, and Xiangshan districts by 1 November.^[16] By June 1983, the new government consisted of three bureaus (Civil Service, Public Works, and Education), four departments (Finance, Social Welfare, Compulsory Military Service, and Land Affairs), four offices (Secretary, Planning, Personnel, and Auditing), and 49 various sections. The Police Department, Tax Department, and Medicine and Hygiene Department were considered affiliate institutions.

From 1994 to 1999, as Taiwan made its transition from authoritarian rule to a representative democracy and the mostly pro forma provincial level of government began to be dissolved, regulations were established for the self-government of Hsinchu. A deputy mayor, consumer officer, and three consultants were added to the city government. In 2002, the city added a Bureau of Labor and transferred Compulsory Military Service to the Department of Civil Service.

A movement is underway from 2021 to have Hsinchu City and Hsinchu County to be upgraded to the nation's seventh special municipality.^[17]

Geography

The city is bordered by Hsinchu County to the north and east, Miaoli County to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the west.

Climate

Hsinchu's climateishumid subtropical (Koppen: Cfa). The city is located in a part of the island that has a rainy season that lasts from February to September, with the heaviest time coming late April through August during the southwest monsoon, and also experiences heavy "plum rains" in May and early June.^[18] The city succumbs to hot humid weather from June until September, while October to December are arguably the most pleasant times of year. Hsinchu is affected by easterly winds off of the East China Sea. Natural hazards such as typhoons and earthquakes are common in the region.^[19][20][21]

Government

Hsinchu City is administered as a city. North District is the seat of Hsinchu City which houses the Hsinchu City Government and Hsinchu City Council. The incumbent Mayor of Hsinchu City is Ann Kao Hung-an of the Taiwan People's Party.

Administrative divisions

Hsinchu has 3 districts (區):^[27][28]

Map	Name		Chinese	Hokkien	Hakka	Population (March 2023)	Area (km²)
		East	東區	Tang	Tûng	222,223	33.5768
		North	北區	Pak	Pet	152,504	15.7267
		Xiangshan	香山區	Hiong-san	Hiông-sân	78,809	54.8491

Colors indicate the common language status of Hakka within each division.

Politics

Hsinchu City voted for one Kuomintang legislator to be in the Legislative Yuan during the 2020 Taiwan general election.

The city was historically pan-Blue^{[citation needed]} but in recent years, the pan-Green coalition has started to rise in popularity. As a result, local factions have decreased in power, and political parties have greater importance in local elections.^[29]

Economy

The Hsinchu Science Park has around 360 companies.^[30] The purpose of the park is to attract high-tech investment to Taiwan. Since its establishment in 1978, the government has invested over NT$30 billion in software and hardware ventures. In 2001, it developed 2.5 km² (0.97 sq mi) of land in the park and 0.5 km² (0.19 sq mi) in southern Hsinchu.^{[citation needed]}

The semiconductor and related electronic businesses have faced competition from South Korea and the United States. This has resulted in lower profits and an oversupply of some electronic products, such as memory and semiconductors.^{[citation needed]}

In 2020, Hsinchu was classified as a "Sufficiency" level global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.^[31]

Education

Hsinchu City is one of the most focused educational centers in northern Taiwan. It has six universities in this concentrated area, and among these universities, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and National Tsing Hua University are focused on by the government of Taiwan. Other public and private educational institutions in the city included 33 elementary schools, 19 middle schools, 12 high schools and a complete secondary school.^{[citation needed]}

International schools (grade school and secondary school)

• Pacific American School^[32]
• Hsinchu International School^[33]
• Hsinchu American School^[34]

High Schools

• National Experimental High School
• National Hsinchu Senior High School
• National Hsinchu Girls' Senior High School
• Hsinchu Kuang-Fu Senior High School

Universities

• National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
• National Tsing Hua University
• Chung Hua University
• Hsuan Chuang University
• Yuanpei University of Medical Technology
• National Hsinchu University of Education

Tourist attractions

Some tourist attractions in Hsinchu include:

• Aqueduct Museum of Hsinchu City
• Black Bat Squadron Memorial Hall
• Chenghuang Temple of Hsinchu
• Glass Museum of Hsinchu City
• Hsinchu City Art Site of Railway Warehouse
• Hsinchu CKS Baseball Stadium
• Hsinchu Museum of Military Dependents Village
• Hsinchu Fish Harbor
• Hsinchu Zoo
• National Hsinchu Living Arts Center
• 17 Kilometer Coastal Scenic Area^[35]
• Green Grass Lake
• Chenghuang Temple Night Market – Most of the old stands in Cheng-huang Temple are of 50-year-old history, known snacks here include Hsin-chu meatballs, pork balls, spring rolls, braised pork rice, cuttlefish thick soup, rice noodles, and cow tongue-shaped cakes.^[36]
• Neiwan Old Street – Traditional Hakka restaurants that serve ginger-lily-flavored glutinous rice dumplings, Hakka tea, and Hakka rice cakes.^[37]

Sports

Taiwan's Chinese Professional Baseball League has a professional baseball team, Wei Chuan Dragons, based in Hsinchu.^[38]

Major sporting events held by Hsinchu include:

• 1997 World Youth Baseball Championship
• 2005 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships

Transportation

Rail

Hsinchu City is mainly served by Hsinchu railway station, along with five other minor TRA stations on both the Western Trunk line and the Neiwan line. There is also an HSR station in nearby Zhubei, Hsinchu CountyonTaiwan High Speed Rail.

Cycling

Hsinchu City has recently created a series of cycling routes. Hsinchu is home to many cycling clubs.

Sea ports

Fishing ports are located at Nanliao Street, North District, and Haishan, Xiangshan.

Airport

Hsinchu Airport is located in the North District and is mainly used as a military airbase. The nearest international airportisTaoyuan International Airport, which is located 58 km away from the city.

Notable natives

• Chi Cheng, the 1968 Olympic bronze medalist in track and field
• Yuan T. Lee, 1986 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry
• Chiang Hsiao-yen, Vice Premier (1997)
• Lin Cho-liang, Taiwanese American violinist
• Hsieh Su-Wei, Taiwanese tennis player and former World No. 1 in doubles
• Hebe Tien, solo artist and member of the S.H.E
• David Wu, member of the U.S. House of Representatives for the state of Oregon from 1999 until 2011.
• Cyndi Wang, singer
• Chen Qiaoen, singer, actress, 7F Member
• Lü Shao-chia, Taiwanese conductor
• Wen Shang-Yi, guitarist and leader of the band Mayday

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

Hsinchu is twinned with:^[39]

City	Region	Country	Since
Beaverton	Oregon	United States	1988
Cary	North Carolina	United States	1993
Cupertino	California	United States	1998
Richland	Washington	United States	1988
Plano	Texas	United States	2003
Okayama	Okayama Prefecture	Japan	2003
Puerto Princesa	Palawan	Philippines	2006
Fairfield	New South Wales	Australia	1994
Chiayi City	Taiwan	Taiwan	2002
Airai	Airai	Palau	2011

See also

• Administrative divisions of the Republic of China
• List of cities in Taiwan

Notes

Words in native languages

References

External links

• Definitions from Wiktionary

Media from Commons

News from Wikinews

Quotations from Wikiquote

Texts from Wikisource

Textbooks from Wikibooks

Resources from Wikiversity

Travel information from Wikivoyage

• Official website (in English)
• Geographic data related to HsinchuatOpenStreetMap