Jump to content
 







Main menu
   


Navigation  



Main page
Contents
Current events
Random article
About Wikipedia
Contact us
Donate
 




Contribute  



Help
Learn to edit
Community portal
Recent changes
Upload file
 








Search  

































Create account

Log in
 









Create account
 Log in
 




Pages for logged out editors learn more  



Contributions
Talk
 



















Contents

   



(Top)
 


1 Notes  





2 References  





3 See also  





4 External links  














Help:IPA/Mandarin







فارسی
ि
Bahasa Indonesia
Jawa
Ladin
Македонски


Simple English
اردو

 

Edit links
 









Help page
Talk
 

















Read
Edit
View history
 








Tools
   


Actions  



Read
Edit
View history
 




General  



What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Get shortened URL
Download QR code
Wikidata item
 




Print/export  



Download as PDF
Printable version
 
















Appearance
   

 






From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 

< Help:IPA

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Standard Mandarin pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA}}, Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Standard Chinese phonology for more detail on the sounds of Mandarin Chinese.

Consonants
IPA Pinyin Wade–Giles Bopomofo Chinese example English approximation
ɕ x hs //xiǎo sheep,[a] but more y-like
f f /fēi fan
j y-/-i- /yá yes
k g k /gān skin
k k' /kǒu kin
l l //lái leaf
m m /míng moon
n n ㄋ,ㄣ,ㄢ /ní noon
ŋ -ng ㄥ,ㄤ /jiāng song
p b p //bāng span
p p' /páng pan
ʐ[b] r- j /rì pleasure, but with tongue curled or pulled back
s s /sī same
ʂ sh /shǐ show, but without lip rounding and with tongue curled or pulled back
t d t /duān stop
t t' /tòu top
j ch /jiào cheap,[a] but more y-like (without lip rounding)
tɕʰ q ch' /qù Above, but with a strong burst of breath (aspiration)
ts z ts /zǐ outset
tsʰ c ts' /cǐ let's help
ʈʂ zh ch 之/zhī cheer, but without lip rounding and with tongue curled or pulled back
ʈʂʰ ch ch' 吃/chī Above, but with a strong burst of breath (aspiration)
w w-/-u- /wǒ water
x h /huǒ loch (Scottish English)
ɥ yu-/-ü-[c] yü-/-ü- /yuè between wet and yet
Vowels
IPA Pinyin Wade–Giles Bopomofo Chinese example English approximation
a a ㄚ,ㄢ 阿,安 cat
er êrh 二,兒(儿)
ɑ yang/-iang car
ɛ yan/-ian yen/-ien ㄧㄢ set
yuan/-üan ㄩㄢ
e ye/-ie, yue/-üe eh 也,月 hey
ə en,[d] eng ên, êng ㄣ,ㄥ 本,冷 atop
ɚ er êrh 二,兒(儿) fern[e]
ɤ e ê / o[f] between boot and but
i yi/-i city
o wo/-uo[g]/-ou o[h] go, but without lip rounding
ɻ̩ zhi, chi, shi, ri ih [i] 之,吃,師(师),日 Below, but with tongue curled or pulled back[j]
ɹ̩ zi, ci, si ŭ 子,次,私 roses, cousin
u wu/-u cool
ʊ -ong -ung ㄨㄥ,ㄩㄥ 冬,用 book
y yu/-ü[c] yü/-ü beet, but with the lips rounded as for boot
Diphthongs
ai time
ao cow
ei[d] face
ou[d] 歐(欧) show
Tones
IPA Pinyin Wade–Giles Bopomofo Chinese example Tone number Description
á ā a1 巴/bā tone 1 high level [˥]
ǎ á a2 ㄚˊ /bá tone 2 mid rising [˧˥]
à ǎ a3 ㄚˇ 把/bǎ tone 3 medially, low [˩]; initially, mid falling [˧˩]; finally, low rising [˩˧]; in isolation, dipping [˧˩˧]
â à a4 ㄚˋ 爸/bà tone 4 high falling [˥˩]
a a a0 ˙ㄚ 吧/ba tone 0 or 5
(toneless)
mid [˧] after all tones but 4, where it is low [˩]
Note: Pinyin uses three of the same diacritics as IPA but with different values.

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b [ɕ, tɕ, tɕʰ] are always followed by [i] [j], [y], or [ɥ].
  • ^ Also transcribed as ɻ in some literature.
  • ^ a b ü (/y/) is spelled u after j, q, x in pinyin since /u/ cannot occur after them.
  • ^ a b c wei, you/yu, wen/wên are spelled respectively ui, iu, un in Pinyin and Wade-Giles but are pronounced identically when they are preceded by a consonant.
  • ^ The rhotic vowel also appears in erhua.
  • ^ This sound is spelled ⟨o⟩ after ⟨k, k', h⟩ in Wade-Giles.
  • ^ This sound is spelled ⟨o⟩ after ⟨b, p, m, f⟩ in Pinyin.
  • ^ ㄨㄛ is spelled as ⟨o⟩, except for ⟨k, k', h, sh⟩ (as ⟨kuo, k'uo, huo, shuo⟩) in Wade-Giles.
  • ^ This symbol is rarely used and usually omitted during writing.
  • ^ Voiced continuants (also transcribed [ɨ, ɯ]or[ʐ̩, z̩]) reflecting the character of the preceding consonant[clarification needed]
  • References[edit]

    • Duanmu, San (2007). The Phonology of Standard Chinese (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Lee, Wai-Sum; Zee, Eric (2003). "Standard Chinese (Beijing)" (PDF). Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 33 (1): 109–112. doi:10.1017/S0025100303001208.
  • Lin, Yen-Hwei (2007). The Sounds of Chinese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • See also[edit]

    External links[edit]


    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Mandarin&oldid=1223152276"

    Category: 
    International Phonetic Alphabet help
    Hidden categories: 
    Pages using the Phonos extension
    Pages with plain IPA
     



    This page was last edited on 10 May 2024, at 06:57 (UTC).

    Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.



    Privacy policy

    About Wikipedia

    Disclaimers

    Contact Wikipedia

    Code of Conduct

    Developers

    Statistics

    Cookie statement

    Mobile view



    Wikimedia Foundation
    Powered by MediaWiki