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{{About|the city of Ithaca|the legally distinct town|Ithaca (town), New York}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Ithaca, New York
| settlement_type                 = [[List of municipalities in New York|City]]
| image_skyline                   = 
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| image_caption                   = Clockwise from top left: Ithaca during winter, Ithaca during autumn, Ithaca Commons (downtown), Ithaca Falls, Hemlock Gorge, [[Cornell University]]
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| subdivision_name                = United States
| subdivision_type1               = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1               = New York
| subdivision_type2               = [[List of counties in New York|County]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Tompkins County, New York|Tompkins]]
| subdivision_type3               = 
| subdivision_name3               = 
| established_title               = [[Municipal corporation|Founded]]
| established_date                = {{start date and age|1790}}
| established_title1              = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date1               = {{start date and age|1888}}
| founder                         = 
| named_for                       = [[Ithaca (island)|Ithaca, Greece]]
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| seat                            = 
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| government_type                 = [[Mayor–council]]
| governing_body                  = Common Council
| leader_party                    = [[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]
| leader_title                    = Mayor
| leader_name                     = Robert Cantelmo <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cityofithaca.org/341/Common-Council|publisher=City of Ithaca|title=Common Council|access-date=2024-01-23|archive-date=February 22, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222032533/http://www.cityofithaca.org/341/Common-Council|url-status=live}}</ref>
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 |2           = Ward 1:
 |3           = • Cynthia Brock ([[United States Democratic Party|D]])
 |4           = • George McGonigal ([[United States Democratic Party|D]])
 |5           = Ward 2:
 |6           = • Phoebe Brown ([[United States Democratic Party|D]])
 |7           = • Ducson Nguyen ([[United States Democratic Party|D]])
 |8           = Ward 3:
 |9           = • Donna Fleming ([[United States Democratic Party|D]])
 |10          = • Rob Gearhart ([[United States Democratic Party|D]])
 |11          = Ward 4:
 |12          = • Tiffany Kumar ([[United States Democratic Party|D]])
 |13          = • Jorge Defendini ([[United States Democratic Party|D]])
 |14          = Ward 5:
 |15          = • Robert Gesualdo Cantelmo ([[United States Democratic Party|D]])
 |16          = • Kris Haines-Sharp ([[United States Democratic Party|D]])
}}
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| area_total_sq_mi                = 6.07
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| area_urban_sq_mi                = 24.581
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| population_as_of                = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
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| population_total                = 32108
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| postal_code                     = 14850, 14851, 14852, and 14853
| area_code_type                  = 
| area_code                       = [[Area code 607|607]]
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| blank_name                      = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info                      = {{FIPS|36|38077}}
| blank1_name                     = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
| blank1_info                     = {{GNIS 4|970238}}, {{GNIS 4|979099}}
| website                         = {{URL|https://cityofithaca.org}}
| footnotes                       = 
| population_density_km2          = 2300.47
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}}

'''Ithaca''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|θ|ə|k|ə}}) is a city in and the county seat of [[Tompkins County, New York]], United States. Situated on the southern shore of [[Cayuga Lake]] in the [[Finger Lakes]] region of [[New York (state)|New York]], Ithaca is the largest community in the Ithaca [[metropolitan statistical area]]. It is named after the Greek island of [[Ithaca (island)|Ithaca]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ |title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States |publisher=Govt. Print. Off. |author=Gannett, Henry |year=1905 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n166 167]}}</ref>  As of 2020, the city's population was 32,108.<ref name="Census Bureau QuickFacts 2023">{{cite web | title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Ithaca city, New York | website=Census Bureau QuickFacts | date=2023-07-01 | url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/ithacacitynewyork/PST045223 | access-date=2024-03-11}}</ref>

A [[college town]], Ithaca is home to [[Cornell University]], an [[Ivy League]] university,<ref name="hoiatc">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ci.ithaca.ny.us/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC={480C93FC-88B9-4C3D-811D-BD7EE0E3F926}&DE={0F21E16C-E234-456D-8841-FF5C2F491300} |title=History of Ithaca and Tompkins County |author=Carol Kammen |publisher=City of Ithaca |access-date=August 16, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927012044/http://www.ci.ithaca.ny.us/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC=%7B480C93FC-88B9-4C3D-811D-BD7EE0E3F926%7D&DE=%7B0F21E16C-E234-456D-8841-FF5C2F491300%7D |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref> and [[Ithaca College]]. Nearby is [[Tompkins Cortland Community College]] (TC3), located in [[Dryden, New York|Dryden]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tc3.edu/ |title=TC3 – Tompkins Cortland Community College |publisher=Tc3.edu |access-date=April 30, 2015 |archive-date=August 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809090259/http://tc3.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== History ==
===17th century===
[[File:Cascadilla Gorge.jpg|thumb|[[Cascadilla Creek]] gorge]]
[[File:Ithaca, N.Y. LOC 95685698.tif|thumb|An 1882 [[perspective map]] of Ithaca]]
Native Americans lived in this area for thousands of years. When reached by Europeans, this area was controlled by the [[Cayuga people|Cayuga tribe]] of Indians, one of the [[Five Civilized Tribes]] or Iroquois League. [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] [[missionaries]] from [[New France]] in present-day [[Quebec]] had a mission to convert the Cayuga as early as 1657.<ref name=first>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tk5IAAAAYAAJ&q=History+of+Ithaca%2C+New+York&pg=PA160|title=History of the First Presbyterian Church of Ithaca, New York, During One Hundred Years: The Anniversary Exercises, January Twenty-first to Twenty-fourth, 1904|first1=Ithaca (N Y. ) First Presbyterian|last1=church|first2=Ithaca, N. Y. First Presbyterian|last2=church|date=August 2, 1904|publisher=Press of Andrus & Church|access-date=August 2, 2019|via=Google Books}}</ref>

===18th century===
[[Saponi]] and [[Tutelo]] peoples, Siouan-speaking tribes, later occupied lands at the south end of [[Cayuga Lake]]. Dependent tributaries of the Cayuga, they had been permitted to settle on the tribe's hunting lands at the south end of Cayuga Lake, and in Pony (originally Sapony) Hollow of present-day [[Newfield, New York]]. Remnants of these tribes had been forced from [[Virginia]] and [[North Carolina]] by tribal conflicts and European colonial settlement. Similarly, the [[Tuscarora people]], an Iroquoian-speaking tribe from the Carolinas, migrated after defeat in the [[Yamasee War]]; they settled with the [[Oneida people]] and became the sixth nation of the Haudenosaunee, with chiefs stating the migration was complete in 1722.

During the [[American Revolutionary War]], four of the then six Iroquois nations helped the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] attempt to crush the revolution, although bands made decisions on fighting in a highly decentralized way. Conflict with the rebel colonists was fierce throughout the [[Mohawk Valley]] and [[Western New York]]. In retaliation for conflicts to the east and resentment at the way in which the Iroquois made war, the 1779 [[Sullivan Expedition]] was conducted against the Iroquois in the west of the state, destroying more than 40 villages and stored winter crops and forcing their retreat from the area.<ref name=dhs>"Ithaca: History", The DeWitt Historical Society of Tompkins County Library & Archive</ref> It destroyed the Tutelo village of Coregonal, located near what is now the junction of state routes [[New York State Highway 13|13]] and [[New York State Route 13A|13A]] just south of Ithaca. Most Iroquois were forced from the state after the Revolutionary War, but some remnants remained. The state sold off the former Iroquois lands to stimulate development and settlement by non-indigenous Americans; lands were also granted as payment to veterans of the war.

Within the current boundaries of Ithaca, Native Americans maintained a temporary hunting camp at the base of Cascadilla Gorge. In 1788, eleven men from [[Kingston, New York]], came to the area with two [[Lenape]] guides, to explore what they considered wilderness. The following year Jacob Yaple, Isaac Dumond, and Peter Hinepaw returned with their families and constructed log cabins.<ref name=first /> That same year Abraham Bloodgood of Albany obtained a patent from the state for 1,400 acres, which included all of the present downtown west of Tioga Street.<ref name=Daniel>{{Cite web |url=http://tcpl.org/local-history/documents/ithaca-tc/Ithaca_and_its_Past/001to48.pdf |title=Snodderly, Daniel R., "Ithaca and its Past", DeWitt Historical Society of Tompkins County, 1982 |access-date=August 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113164659/http://tcpl.org/local-history/documents/ithaca-tc/Ithaca_and_its_Past/001to48.pdf |archive-date=January 13, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 1790, the [[Federal government of the United States|federal government]] and [[Government of New York (state)|state]] began an official program to grant land in the area, known as the [[Central New York Military Tract]], as payment for service to [[Continental Army]] soldiers of the Revolutionary War, when the newly established federal government was cash poor. Most local land titles trace back to these Revolutionary war grants. However, the Bloodgood tract was not part of the state bounties to veterans. It was originally granted to a member of the state militia, Martinus Zielie, as a bounty under a different law for recruiting men to enlist in the Continental Army.

As part of this process, the [[Central New York Military Tract]], which included northern Tompkins County, was surveyed under the direction of [[Simeon De Witt]], Bloodgood's son-in-law and the Surveyor General of New York. Simeon commissioned his first cousin, Moses De Witt, after whom [[DeWitt, New York]], is named, to survey the area around the south end of Cayuga Lake. Both Simeon and Moses were first cousins of [[DeWitt Clinton]] through his mother, Mary De Witt, who married James Clinton, brother of Governor [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]]. The Commissioners of Lands of New York State (chairman Gov. George Clinton) met in 1790. The Military Tract township in which Ithaca is located was named the [[Ulysses, New York|Town of Ulysses]]. A few years later De Witt moved to Ithaca, then called variously "The Flats," "The City," or "Sodom";<ref name=first /><ref name=facts /> he renamed it for the Greek island home of Ulysses in the spirit of the multitude of settlement names in the region derived from [[classical literature]], such as [[Aurelius, New York|Aurelius]], [[Ovid, New York|Ovid]], and especially of [[Ulysses, New York]], the town that contained Ithaca at the time.<ref name=dhs />

Around 1791, De Witt surveyed what is now the downtown area into lots and sold them at modest prices. That same year John Yaple built a grist mill on Cascadilla Creek. The first frame house was erected in 1800 by Abram Markle.<ref name=first /> In 1804, the village had a postmaster and, in 1805, a tavern.<ref name=Kammen>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cU0kI2ShQa8C&q=Ithaca%2C+New+York|title=Kammen, Carol. ''Ithaca: A Brief History'', The History Press, 2011|isbn=9781614230670|access-date=August 2, 2019|last1=Kammen|first1=Carol|date=November 28, 2011|publisher=History Press }}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

===19th century===
[[File:State Street - Ithaca, New York.jpg|thumb|State Street in Ithaca, {{Circa|1901}}]]
[[File:Ithaca-guns 1916 a-oakley.jpg|thumb|Ithaca Gun Company's [[Annie Oakley]] gun in 1916]]
Ithaca became a transshipping point for salt from curing beds near [[Salina, New York]], to buyers south and east. This prompted construction in 1810 of the Owego Turnpike.<ref name=Kammen /> When the [[War of 1812]] cut off access to [[gypsum]] in [[Nova Scotia]], which was used for fertilizer, Ithaca became the center of trade in Cayuga gypsum.<ref name=Daniel /> The Cayuga Steamboat Company was organized in 1819 and, in 1820, launched the first [[steamboat]] on Cayuga Lake, the ''Enterprise.''<ref name=Daniel /> In 1821, the village was incorporated at the same time the Town of Ithaca was organized and separated from the parent Town of Ulysses. In 1834, the Ithaca and Owego Railroad's first horse drawn train began service,<ref name=dhs /> connecting traffic on the east–west [[Erie Canal]], which was completed in 1825, with the [[Susquehanna River]] to the south to expand the trade network.

With the [[Long Depression]] of 1837, the Ithaca and Owego Railroad was re-organized as the [[Cayuga and Susquehanna Railroad]]. It was re-engineered with switchbacks downhill into Ithaca in the late 1840s. In the late 20th century, a short section of its abandoned right-of-way in the City and Town of Ithaca was used for the [[Trails in Ithaca, New York#South Hill Recreation Way|South Hill Recreation Way]].

However, easier early railroad routes were constructed that bypassed Ithaca, such as that of the Syracuse, Binghamton & New York, built in 1854. In the decade following the [[American Civil War]], railroads were built from Ithaca to [[Auburn, New York|Auburn]], [[Geneva, New York|Geneva]], [[Cayuga, New York|Cayuga]], [[Cortland, New York|Cortland]], [[Elmira, New York|Elmira]], and [[Athens, Pennsylvania]], mainly with financing from [[Ezra Cornell]]. These were all branch-lines, since the city, located on a steep hill by the lake, prevented it from being directly connected to a major transportation artery.

In 1892, when the [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania]]-based [[Lehigh Valley Railroad]] built its main, double-track freight line from Van Etten Junction to Geneva and on to [[Buffalo, New York]], it bypassed Ithaca and Auburn to the west, running via Burdett and eastern [[Schuyler County, New York|Schuyler County]] on easier grades, just as the [[Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad]] had  done a decade earlier, in 1882, with its own, new Binghamton-Buffalo mainline extension to the south and west, via Owego, Waverly, Bath, and Dansville. Two of three daily [[New York City]]-Buffalo roundtrip passenger trains served Ithaca on the older, original Lehigh Valley Ithaca Branch between Van Etten Junction and Geneva, until discontinuance of the ''[[Black Diamond (train)|Black Diamond]]'' daylight train, on May 11, 1959. On May 25, 1959, the overnight "Maple Leaf" train was shifted back to the Ithaca Branch from the main line via Burdett, and operated on this route until the Lehigh Valley Railroad discontinued this last passenger service on February 4, 1961.<ref>Lehigh Valley passenger timetable, January 14, 1958.</ref>

In the late 19th century, more industry developed in Ithaca. In 1883, William Henry Baker and his partners founded the [[Ithaca Gun Company]], which manufactured shotguns. The original factory was located in the Fall Creek neighborhood of the city, on a slope later known as Gun Hill, where the nearby waterfall supplied the main source of energy for the plant. The company became an icon in the hunting and shooting world, and its shotguns were known for their fine decorative work. Wooden gunstocks with knots or other imperfections were donated to the high school woodworking shop to be made into lamps.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Johnson |first=Kirk |date=October 15, 2000 |title=Ithaca Journal: Sweet Fishing and a Gorgeous Gorge, if You Don't Mind All That Old Lead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/15/nyregion/ithaca-journal-sweet-fishing-gorgeous-gorge-if-you-don-t-mind-all-that-old-lead.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=March 2, 2016 |archive-date=September 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913002130/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/15/nyregion/ithaca-journal-sweet-fishing-gorgeous-gorge-if-you-don-t-mind-all-that-old-lead.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[John Philip Sousa]] and [[Exhibition shooting|trick-shooter]] [[Annie Oakley]] favored Ithaca Gun Company guns. In 1937, the company began producing the [[Ithaca 37]], based on a 1915 patent by noted firearms designer [[John Browning]]. Its 12-gauge shotguns were the standard used for decades by the [[New York City Police Department]] and [[Los Angeles Police Department]].<ref name="nyt thai">{{Cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990DE0DB123BF933A05755C0A964948260|title=Ithaca Gun Co. Has Thai Order|work=[[The New York Times]]|agency=Associated Press|date=June 30, 1982}}</ref>

In 1885, Ithaca Children's Home was established on West Seneca Street. The orphanage had two programs at the time: a residential home for both orphaned and destitute children, and a day nursery.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fcsith.org/history/ |title="History", Family & Children's Service of Ithaca |access-date=August 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815021311/http://fcsith.org/history/ |archive-date=August 15, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The village established its first trolley in 1887. Ithaca developed as a small manufacturing and retail center and was incorporated as a city in 1888. The largest industrial company in the area was Morse Chain, elements of which were absorbed into [[Emerson Electric Company|Emerson]] Power Transmission on South Hill and [[BorgWarner|Borg Warner Automotive]] in [[Lansing (town), New York|Lansing, New York]].

Ithaca claims to be the birthplace of the [[Sundae|ice cream sundae]], created in 1892 when fountain shop owner [[Chester Platt]] "served his local priest vanilla ice cream covered in cherry syrup with a dark candied cherry on top. The priest suggested the dessert be named after the day, Sunday, although the spelling was later changed out of fear some would find it offensive."<ref>{{Cite news |last=York |first=Michelle |date=August 6, 2006 |title=Ithaca Journal: The Ice Cream Sundae's Birthplace? That's the 64,000-Calorie Question |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/06/nyregion/06sundae.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=March 2, 2016 |archive-date=March 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330013326/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/06/nyregion/06sundae.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The local [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]] church, where the priest, Rev. John Scott, preached, has an annual "Sundae Sunday" every September in commemoration.<ref name=facts /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icecreamsundae.com/?action=history|title=The Official Website of the Ice Cream Sundae|website=www.icecreamsundae.com|access-date=August 2, 2019|archive-date=September 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912192454/http://www.icecreamsundae.com/?action=history|url-status=live}}</ref> Ithaca's claim has long been disputed by [[Two Rivers, Wisconsin]]. Also in 1892, the [[Ithaca Kitty]] became one of the first mass-produced stuffed animal toys in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ithacajournal.com/story/news/local/2016/07/28/ithaca-kitty-success-across-america/87666422/|title=Ithaca Kitty was a success across America|last=Sachse|first=Gretchen|date=July 28, 2016|newspaper=[[The Ithaca Journal]]|location=Ithaca, New York|access-date=August 2, 2016|archive-date=March 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322023513/https://www.ithacajournal.com/story/news/local/2016/07/28/ithaca-kitty-success-across-america/87666422/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===20th century===
[[File:Wallingford.001.jpg|thumb|A 1915 still from ''The New Adventures of J. Rufus Wallingford'', a [[The Wharton Studio|Wharton Studio]] production]]
In 1900, [[Cornell University]] anatomy professor G. S. Moler made an early movie using frame-by-frame technology. For ''The Skeleton Dance,'' he took single-frame photos of a human skeleton in varying positions, giving the illusion of a dancing skeleton. During the early 20th century, Ithaca was an important center in the [[silent film]] industry. These films often featured the local natural scenery. Many of these films were the work of [[Leopold Wharton]] and his brother [[Theodore Wharton|Theodore]]; [[The Wharton Studio]] was on the site of what is now [[Stewart Park (Ithaca, New York)|Stewart Park]].<ref name=facts>{{Cite web|url=https://www.visitithaca.com/facts-trivia|title=Facts About Ithaca, NY &#124; Visit Ithaca, NY|website=www.visitithaca.com|access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref>

In 1903, a [[typhoid]] [[epidemic]] resulting from poor sanitation infrastructure devastated the city. Not having access to unpolluted water was one suspicion to the cause of the outbreak because "[<span class="ltr">r</span>]efuse and the contents of the early sewer system dumped directly into the inlet".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kammen|first=Carol|title=Ithaca: A Brief History|publisher=History Press|year=2008|isbn=978-1-59629-515-5|location=Charleston, SC|pages=84}}</ref> One out of ten citizens fell ill or died.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Seely|first1=Hart|last2=Post-St|first2=The|last3=ard|date=2011-01-30|title=The story behind a deadly typhoid epidemic in Ithaca|url=https://www.syracuse.com/cny/2011/01/the_story_behind_a_deadly_typhoid_epidemic_in_ithaca.html|access-date=2021-10-02|website=syracuse|language=en|archive-date=October 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002121853/https://www.syracuse.com/cny/2011/01/the_story_behind_a_deadly_typhoid_epidemic_in_ithaca.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Local residents lost fifty-one people to the illness that year, but there was “an average of thirty-nine cases each year” for the consecutive ten years following.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kammen|first=Carol|title=Ithaca: A Brief History|publisher=History Press|year=2008|isbn=978-1-59629-515-5|location=Charleston, SC|pages=85}}</ref>

The Star Theatre on East Seneca Street was built in 1911 and became the most popular vaudeville venue in the region. Wharton movies were also filmed and shown there.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.whartonstudiomuseum.org/history/ithaca-silent-movie-history/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808055532/http://www.whartonstudiomuseum.org/history/ithaca-silent-movie-history/|url-status=dead|title=Simmons-Lynch, Julie. "Ithaca and the Silver Screen", Wharton Studio Museum|archive-date=August 8, 2015|access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref> After the film industry centralized in Hollywood, production in Ithaca effectively ceased. Few of the silent films made in Ithaca have been preserved.

After [[World War II]], the Langmuir Research Labs of [[General Electric]] developed as a major employer; the defense industry continued to expand. GE's headquarters were in Schenectady, New York, to the northeast in the Mohawk Valley.

Although Ithaca has a history of [[Ku Klux Klan]] activity, including a cross-burning in 1923 and 1924, "the peak years of Klan activity in Ithaca were 1923-1925" and it represented only a fraction of the population.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kammen|first=Carol|title=Ithaca: A Brief History|publisher=History Press|year=2008|isbn=978-1-59629-515-5|location=Charleston, SC|pages=97}}</ref> Ithaca is known for its political activism regarding civil rights and environmental issues.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Kammen|first=Carol|title=Ithaca: A Brief History|publisher=History Press|year=2008|isbn=978-1-59629-515-5|location=Charleston, SC|pages=102}}</ref> “Martin Luther King Jr. came to speak twice in Ithaca, in 1960 and 1961”.<ref name=":0" /> The annual Ithaca Festival, which often takes place on the [[Ithaca Commons]] or [[Stewart Park (Ithaca, New York)|Stewart Park]], frequently centers around themes promoting "a political statement into a cultural and festive event”<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kammen|first=Carol|title=Ithaca: A Brief History|publisher=History Press|year=2008|isbn=978-1-59629-515-5|location=Charleston, SC|pages=107}}</ref>

===21st century===
[[File:Ithaca Commons (New York).jpg|thumb|The west entrance to [[Ithaca Commons]] at Cayuga Street]]
The [[Ithaca Gun Company]] tested their shotguns behind the plant on Lake Street; the shot fell into the [[Fall Creek (New York)|Fall Creek]] gorge at the base of [[Ithaca Falls]]. Lead accumulated in the soil in and around the factory and gorge. A major lead clean-up effort sponsored by the United States [[Superfund (environmental law)|Superfund]] took place from 2002 to 2004, managed through the [[Environmental Protection Agency]].<ref>[http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/b1ab9f485b098972852562e7004dc686/1d33c848fd4ada78852571220072d73d!OpenDocument "EPA Finishes $4.8 Million Cleanup at Ithaca Gun"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705150146/https://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/b1ab9f485b098972852562e7004dc686/1d33c848fd4ada78852571220072d73d!OpenDocument |date=July 5, 2017 }}, United States Environmental Protection Agency, October 29, 2004. Retrieved March 25, 2006.</ref> The old Ithaca Gun building has been dismantled. It was scheduled to be replaced by the development of an apartment complex on the cleaned land.

The former Morse Chain company factory on South Hill, now owned by Emerson Power Transmission, was the site of extensive groundwater and [[soil contamination]] from its industrial operations.<ref>[http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8669.html "Public Meeting – Emerson Power Transmission Environmental Investigation"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008052248/http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8669.html |date=October 8, 2014}}, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. June 22, 2005. Retrieved December 6, 2008.</ref> Emerson Power Transmission has been working with the state and South Hill residents to determine the extent and danger of the contamination and aid in cleanup.

In 2004, Gayraud Townsend, a 20-year-old senior in Cornell's School of Industrial and Labor Relations, was sworn in as alderman of the city council: the first black male to be elected to the council and the youngest African American to be elected to office in the United States.<ref name="american">[ "Gayraud Townsend"], Young Elected Officials Network, Inaugural National Convening, Washington, DC, January 13–15, 2006, People of the American Way Foundation</ref> He served his full term and has mentored other student politicians.<ref name="cornell">[http://cornellsun.com/blog/2007/05/02/the-sun-speaks-to-townsend-05/ Susan Hoffman, "The Sun Speaks to Gayraud Townsend '05"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213002250/http://cornellsun.com/blog/2007/05/02/the-sun-speaks-to-townsend-05/ |date=December 13, 2014 }}, ''Cornell Sun'' blog, May 2, 2007, accessed September 14, 2014</ref> In 2011, [[Svante Myrick]], a 2009 [[Cornell University]] graduate, was elected as the youngest mayor of the city of Ithaca.<ref name="svante">[http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2011/11/svante_myrick_how_a_child_of_m.html Teri Weaver, "Svante Myrick: How a child of modest means became Ithaca's youngest mayor-elect"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125130/http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2011/11/svante_myrick_how_a_child_of_m.html |date=September 24, 2015 }}, Syracuse.com, November 20, 2011, accessed September 14, 2014</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Ithaca Hemlock Gorge.JPG|thumb|Hemlock Gorge along Fall Creek before emptying into Beebe Lake on Cornell's campus]]
The valley in which [[Cayuga Lake]] is located is long and narrow with a north–south orientation. Ithaca is located at the southern end (the "head") of the lake, but the valley continues to the southwest behind the city. Originally a river valley, it was deepened and widened by the action of [[Pleistocene]] ice sheets over the last several hundred thousand years.<ref name=Cayuga_Geology_Cornell>{{cite conference |author=Department of Geology, Cornell University |title=Geology of the Cayuga Lake Basin |conference=31st Annual Field Meeting of the New York State Geological Association |pages=1–6 |date=May 1959 |location=Ithaca, NY |edition=2 |url=https://ottohmuller.com/nysga2ge/Files/1959/NYSGA%201959%20Cornell%20Bookmarked.pdf |access-date=3 November 2021 |archive-date=November 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104043021/https://ottohmuller.com/nysga2ge/Files/1959/NYSGA%201959%20Cornell%20Bookmarked.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
These ice sheets gouged the land crosswise to preexisting streams, producing [[Valley#Hanging valleys|hanging valleys]]. Once the last ice sheets receded — around twenty or thirty thousand years ago — these streams cut deep into the steep hillsides, forming the many distinctive gorges, rapids, and waterfalls seen in the region; examples include Fall and Cascadilla Creeks in Ithaca, and nearby [[Buttermilk Falls State Park|Buttermilk Falls]], [[Robert H. Treman State Park|Enfield Gorge]], and [[Taughannock Falls State Park|Taughannock Falls]].<ref name=Cayuga_Geology_Cornell/> Cayuga Lake is the most recent lake in a long series of lakes which developed as the ice retreated northward.<ref name=Cayuga_Geology_Cornell/> The lake drains to the north, and was formed behind a dam of glacial debris called a [[moraine]].

Rock in the region is predominantly [[Devonian]] [[shale]] and [[sandstone]].<ref name=Cayuga_Geology_Cornell/> North of Ithaca, it is relatively fossil rich. The world-renowned fossils found in this area can be examined at the [[Museum of the Earth]]. [[Glacial erratic]]s can also be found in the area.

Ithaca was founded on flat land just south of the lake — land that formed in fairly recent geological times when silt filled the southern end of the lake. The city ultimately spread to the adjacent hillsides, which rise several hundred feet above the central flats: East Hill, West Hill, and South Hill. The Cornell campus is loosely bounded to the north and south by Fall and Cascadilla Creeks, respectively.

The natural vegetation of the Ithaca area is northern [[Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests|temperate broadleaf forest]]. It is dominated by [[deciduous plant|deciduous trees]], including maple, sycamore, black walnut, birch, and oak; [[conifer|coniferous trees]] include white pine, Norway spruce, and eastern hemlock.<ref name=Ithacas_Trees>{{cite report |first=Bryan |last=R. Denig |title=Ithaca's Trees: Master Plan, Inventory, & Arboricultural Guidelines for the Public Trees of the City of Ithaca, New York |pages=1–2 |publisher=The City of Ithaca Shade Tree Advisory Committee |date=February 2014 |location=Ithaca, NY |url=http://www.hort.cornell.edu/uhi/outreach/pdfs/Ithacas-Trees.pdf |access-date=3 November 2021 |archive-date=November 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104043021/http://www.hort.cornell.edu/uhi/outreach/pdfs/Ithacas-Trees.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The city of Ithaca has a rich diversity of tree plantings, with over 190 species, including cherry, southern magnolia, and ginkgo.<ref name=Ithacas_Trees/> In addition to visual beauty, this species diversification helps reduce the impact of arboreal epidemics, such as that caused by the [[emerald ash borer]].

==Climate==
{{Climate chart
| Ithaca
|15.7|31.6|2.01
|15.2|32.5|1.94
|24.0|41.7|2.62
|34.7|54.8|2.89
|44.6|67.1|3.33
|53.8|76.2|3.64
|58.4|80.9|3.61
|56.7|78.9|3.50
|50.1|71.8|3.41
|40.0|60.0|3.12
|31.8|47.2|2.65
|21.0|35.3|2.41
|units = imperial
|float = right
|clear = }}
According to the [[Köppen climate classification]] method, Ithaca experiences a warm-summer [[humid continental climate]], also known as a hemiboreal climate (''Dfb''). Summers are warm but brief, and it is cool-to-cold the rest of the year, with long, snowy winters; an average of {{Convert|67|in|cm|abbr=on}} of snow falls per year. In addition, frost may occur any time of year except mid-summer.

Winter is typically characterized by freezing temperatures, cloudy skies and light-to-moderate snows, with some heavier falls; the largest snowfall in one day was {{Convert|26.0|in|cm|abbr=on}} on February 14, 1914. But the season is also variable; there can be short mild periods with some rain, but also outbreaks of frigid air with night temperatures down to {{convert|-10|°F|0}} or lower. Summers usually bring sunshine, along with moderate heat and humidity, but also frequent afternoon thunderstorms. Nights are pleasant and sometimes cool. Occasionally, there can be heatwaves, with temperatures rising into the {{Convert|90|°F}} to {{Convert|95|°F}} range, but they tend to be brief.

The average date of the first freeze is October 5, and the average date of the last freeze is May 15, giving Ithaca a [[growing season]] of 141 days. The average date of the first and last snowfalls are November 12 and April 7, respectively. The [[hardiness zone]] is between 5b and 6a. Extreme temperatures range from {{Convert|−25|°F|0}} as recently as February 2, 1961, up to {{Convert|103|°F|0}} on July 9, 1936.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=bgm |title=NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher=NOAA |access-date=December 14, 2011 |archive-date=March 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325204622/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=bgm |url-status=live }}</ref>

The valley flatland has slightly cooler weather in winter, and occasionally Ithaca residents experience simultaneous snow on the hills and rain in the valley. The phenomenon of mixed precipitation (rain, wind, and snow), common in the late fall and early spring, is known tongue-in-cheek as ''ithacation'' to many of the local residents.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tompkinsready.org/disaster/winter.html |title=Winter Weather |publisher=TompkinsREADY |access-date=December 30, 2010 |archive-date=July 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728114154/http://www.tompkinsready.org/disaster/winter.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Due to the [[microclimate]]s created by the impact of the lakes, the region surrounding Ithaca ([[Finger Lakes]] [[American Viticultural Area]]) experiences a short but adequate growing season for winemaking similar to the Rhine Valley wine district of Germany. As such, the region is home to many wineries.
{{Weather box
|location = Ithaca, New York ([[Cornell University]]), 1991–2020 normals and extremes 1893–present
|single line = Y
|collapsed = Y
|Jan record high F = 70
|Feb record high F = 73
|Mar record high F = 85
|Apr record high F = 91
|May record high F = 96
|Jun record high F = 102
|Jul record high F = 103
|Aug record high F = 101
|Sep record high F = 100
|Oct record high F = 91
|Nov record high F = 81
|Dec record high F = 69
|year record high F = 103
|Jan avg record high F = 55.6
|Feb avg record high F = 54.6
|Mar avg record high F = 64.4
|Apr avg record high F = 79.2
|May avg record high F = 85.5
|Jun avg record high F = 89.6
|Jul avg record high F = 90.5
|Aug avg record high F = 89.3
|Sep avg record high F = 87.3
|Oct avg record high F = 78.1
|Nov avg record high F = 68.6
|Dec avg record high F = 57.1
|year avg record high F = 92.6
|Jan high F = 31.0
|Feb high F = 33.1
|Mar high F = 40.8
|Apr high F = 54.5
|May high F = 67.3
|Jun high F = 75.7
|Jul high F = 79.9
|Aug high F = 78.5
|Sep high F = 71.6
|Oct high F = 59.0
|Nov high F = 46.8
|Dec high F = 36.2
|year high F = 56.2
|Jan mean F = 22.8
|Feb mean F = 24.1
|Mar mean F = 31.3
|Apr mean F = 43.7
|May mean F = 55.6
|Jun mean F = 64.6
|Jul mean F = 68.9
|Aug mean F = 67.4
|Sep mean F = 60.2
|Oct mean F = 49.0
|Nov mean F = 38.6
|Dec mean F = 29.1
|year mean F = 46.3
|Jan low F = 14.6
|Feb low F = 15.1
|Mar low F = 21.8
|Apr low F = 32.9
|May low F = 44.0
|Jun low F = 53.4
|Jul low F = 57.9
|Aug low F = 56.3
|Sep low F = 48.8
|Oct low F = 38.9
|Nov low F = 30.4
|Dec low F = 22.0
|year low F = 36.3
|Jan avg record low F = -8.0
|Feb avg record low F = -5.3
|Mar avg record low F = 1.8
|Apr avg record low F = 19.3
|May avg record low F = 29.0
|Jun avg record low F = 38.7
|Jul avg record low F = 45.9
|Aug avg record low F = 43.8
|Sep avg record low F = 34.0
|Oct avg record low F = 25.9
|Nov avg record low F = 15.5
|Dec avg record low F = 3.4
|year avg record low F = -10.9
|Jan record low F = −25
|Feb record low F = −25
|Mar record low F = −17
|Apr record low F = -1
|May record low F = 22
|Jun record low F = 31
|Jul record low F = 38
|Aug record low F = 32
|Sep record low F = 24
|Oct record low F = 15
|Nov record low F = −5
|Dec record low F = −22
|year record low F = −25
|precipitation colour= green
|Jan precipitation inch = 2.24
|Feb precipitation inch = 1.98
|Mar precipitation inch = 2.78
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.40
|May precipitation inch = 3.20
|Jun precipitation inch = 3.98
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.90
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.77
|Sep precipitation inch = 3.83
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.70
|Nov precipitation inch = 2.94
|Dec precipitation inch = 2.57
|year precipitation inch = 38.29
|Jan snow inch = 16.6
|Feb snow inch = 14.5
|Mar snow inch = 12.0
|Apr snow inch = 2.8
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.2
|Nov snow inch = 4.6
|Dec snow inch = 12.2
|year snow inch = 62.9
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 16.1
|Feb precipitation days = 13.1
|Mar precipitation days = 14.0
|Apr precipitation days = 13.6
|May precipitation days = 14.6
|Jun precipitation days = 13.8
|Jul precipitation days = 12.7
|Aug precipitation days = 11.7
|Sep precipitation days = 11.5
|Oct precipitation days = 15.2
|Nov precipitation days = 14.1
|Dec precipitation days = 15.7
|year precipitation days = 166.1
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 12.3
|Feb snow days = 9.6
|Mar snow days = 7.1
|Apr snow days = 1.7
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.1
|Nov snow days = 3.4
|Dec snow days = 9.1
|year snow days = 43.3
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=bgm
| title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = May 8, 2021}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210508163140/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USC00304174&format=pdf
| archive-date = May 8, 2021 
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USC00304174&format=pdf
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
| title = Station: Ithaca Cornell UNIV, NY
| work = U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020)
| access-date = May 8, 2021}}</ref>
|date=August 2013}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1870= 8462
|1880= 9105
|1890= 11079
|1900= 13136
|1910= 14802
|1920= 17004
|1930= 20708
|1940= 19730
|1950= 29257
|1960= 28732
|1970= 26226
|1980= 28799
|1990= 29541
|2000= 29287
|2010= 30014
|2020= 32108
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
Ithaca is the principal city of the Ithaca-Cortland Combined Statistical Area, which includes the Ithaca Metropolitan Statistical Area ([[Tompkins County, New York|Tompkins County]]) and the Cortland Micropolitan Statistical Area ([[Cortland County, New York|Cortland County]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/List4.txt |title=Archived copy |access-date=May 26, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070526063716/http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/List4.txt |archive-date=May 26, 2007 }}, [[Office of Management and Budget]], May 11, 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-01.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/List5.txt |title=Archived copy |access-date=August 1, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629011245/http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/List5.txt |archive-date=June 29, 2007 }}, [[Office of Management and Budget]], May 11, 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-01.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/List6.txt |title=Archived copy |access-date=June 29, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629011223/http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/List6.txt |archive-date=June 29, 2007 }}, [[Office of Management and Budget]], May 11, 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-01.</ref> which had a combined population of 145,100 at the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]].<ref name="GR2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website|archive-date=May 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512074548/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/08000.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

As of the census of 2000, there were 29,287 people, 10,287 households, and 2,962 families residing in the city.<ref name="GR2" /> The [[population density]] was {{convert|5,360.9|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people}}. There were 10,736 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,965.2|/mi2|/km2}}. The racial makeup of the city was 73.97% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 13.65% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 6.71% [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.39% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.05% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.86% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.36% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 5.31% of the population.

There were 10,287 households, out of which 14.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 19.0% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 71.2% were non-families. 43.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 9.2% under the age of 18, 53.8% from 18 to 24, 20.1% from 25 to 44, 10.6% from 45 to 64, and 6.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $21,441, and the median income for a family was $42,304. Males had a median income of $29,562 versus $27,828 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $13,408. About 13.2% of individuals and 4.2% of families were below the [[poverty line]].

===Greater Ithaca===
[[File:Ithaca-Cortland CSA.png|thumb|Location of the Ithaca-Cortland census designated area and its components: {{legend|#FF0000|Ithaca Metropolitan Statistical Area}} {{legend|#FFFF00|Cortland Micropolitan Statistical Area}}]]
The term "Greater Ithaca" encompasses both the City and Town of Ithaca, as well as several smaller settled places within or adjacent to the Town:

'''Municipalities'''
{{Div col}}
* [[Groton (village), New York|Village of Groton]]
* [[Lansing (village), New York|Village of Lansing]]
* the southern part of the [[Lansing (town), New York|Town of Lansing]]
* [[Cayuga Heights, New York|Village of Cayuga Heights]]
* [[Forest Home, New York|Hamlet of Forest Home]]
* [[South Hill, New York|Hamlet of South Hill]]
{{div col end}}

'''[[Census-designated place]]s'''
{{Div col}}
* [[East Ithaca, New York|East Ithaca]]
* [[Northeast Ithaca, New York|Northeast Ithaca]]
* [[Northwest Ithaca, New York|Northwest Ithaca]]
{{div col end}}

==Local government==
[[File:Ithaca City Hall, Green Street.jpg|thumb|Ithaca City Hall at 108 East Green Street]]
There are two governmental entities in the area: the [[Ithaca (town), New York|Town of Ithaca]] and the [[Ithaca (city), New York|City of Ithaca]]. The Town of Ithaca is one of the nine towns comprising Tompkins County. The City of Ithaca is surrounded by, but legally independent of, the Town.

The City of Ithaca has a [[mayor–council government]]. The charter of the City of Ithaca provides for a full-time mayor and city judge, each independent and elected [[at-large]]. Since 1995, the mayor has been elected to a four-year term, and since 1989, the city judge has been elected to a six-year term.

Since 1983, the city has been divided into five wards. Each elects two representatives to the city council, known as the Common Council, for staggered four-year terms. In March 2015, the Common Council unanimously adopted a [[Resolution (law)|resolution]] recognizing freedom from [[domestic violence]] as a fundamental [[human right]].<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Hill|first1=David|title=City: Freedom from domestic violence is a human right|url=http://www.ithacajournal.com/story/news/local/2015/03/15/council-backs-fighting-domestic-violence/70297186/|website=www.ithacajournal.com|publisher=Ithaca Journal|access-date=March 15, 2015|archive-date=April 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402163348/http://www.ithacajournal.com/story/news/local/2015/03/15/council-backs-fighting-domestic-violence/70297186/|url-status=live}}</ref>  In September 2023, the Common Council unanimously passed an extensive local ordinance to "protect, defend and shield transgender individuals".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2023/09/ithaca-new-york-declares-itself-a-safe-haven-for-trans-people/ | title=Ithaca, New York declares itself a safe haven for trans people | date=September 14, 2023 | access-date=June 7, 2024 | archive-date=March 21, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321063318/https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2023/09/ithaca-new-york-declares-itself-a-safe-haven-for-trans-people/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

Since students won the right to vote where they attend colleges, some have become more active in local politics. In 2004, Gayraud Townsend, a 20-year-old senior in Cornell's School of Industrial and Labor Relations, was sworn in as alderman of the city council, representing the fourth Ward. He was the first black male to be elected to the council and was then the youngest African American to be elected to office in the United States.<ref name="american" /> In 2011, Cornell graduate [[Svante Myrick]] was elected Mayor of the City of Ithaca, becoming the youngest mayor in the city's history.<ref name="svante" />

In December, 2005, the City and Town governments began discussing opportunities for increased government consolidation, including the possibility of joining the two into a single entity. This topic had been previously discussed in 1963 and 1969. [[Cayuga Heights, New York|Cayuga Heights]], a village adjacent to the city on its northeast, voted against annexation into the city of Ithaca in 1954.

===Politics===
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:1em; font-size:95%;"
|+Mayoral election results<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tompkinscountyny.gov/boe/Additional_Information/Past_Results_files/Past_Results|title=BOE Past Election Results|access-date=April 23, 2021|archive-date=April 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417111810/https://tompkinscountyny.gov/boe/Additional_Information/Past_Results_files/Past_Results|url-status=dead}}</ref>
!Year
![[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
![[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
!Independent
|-
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | 1975
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''Edward Conley''' 61%
| {{party shading/Republican}} | Anne Jones 38%
|-
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | 1977
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''Edward Conley''' 54%
| {{party shading/Republican}} | Vincent Giordano 46%
|-
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | 1979
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''Raymond Bordoni''' 30%
| {{party shading/Republican}} | William Shaw 27%
|-
| {{party shading/Republican}} | 1981
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | John Gutenberger 47%
| {{party shading/Republican}} | '''William Shaw''' 53%
|-
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | 1983
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''John Gutenberger''' 58%
| {{party shading/Republican}} | William Shaw 42%
|-
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | 1985
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''John Gutenberger''' 68%
| {{party shading/Republican}} | Charlotte Stone 32% 
|-
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | 1987
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''John Gutenberger''' 72%
| {{party shading/Republican}} | Reuben Weiner 28%
|-
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | 1989
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''[[Benjamin Nichols]]''' 52%
| {{party shading/Republican}} | Jean Cookingham 48%
|-
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | 1991
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''Benjamin Nichols''' 53%
| {{party shading/Republican}} | Mark Finkelstein 47%
|-
| 1995
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Benjamin Nichols 48%
|
| '''Alan Cohen''' 51%
|-
| 1999
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Daniel Hoffman 46%
|
| '''Alan Cohen''' 54%
|-
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | 2003
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''[[Carolyn K. Peterson|Carolyn Peterson]]''' 61%
| {{party shading/Republican}} | John Saul 27%
|-
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | 2007
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''Carolyn Peterson''' 98%
|
|-
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | 2011 
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''[[Svante Myrick]]''' 54% 
| {{party shading/Republican}} | Janis Kelly 7% 
| Wade Wykstra 25%
|-
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | 2015 
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''Svante Myrick''' 89% 
| 
|-
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | 2019
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''Svante Myrick''' 76%
|
| Adam Levine 23%
|}

Politically, the majority of the city's voters (many of them students) have supported [[American liberalism|liberalism]] and the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]. A November 2004 study by [[ePodunk]] lists it as New York's most liberal city.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.epodunk.com/top10/liberal/index.html |title=Most liberal places in America |publisher=ePodunk.com |access-date=April 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408142929/http://www.epodunk.com/top10/liberal/index.html |archive-date=April 8, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This contrasts with the more [[American conservatism|conservative]] leanings of the generally rural Upstate New York region; the city's voters are also more liberal than those in the rest of [[Tompkins County]]. In 2008, [[Barack Obama]], running against New York State's US Senator Hillary Clinton, won Tompkins County in the Democratic Presidential Primary, the only county that he won in New York State.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/Elections/2008/Primary/PP-DEM-PRES-2008.pdf|title=2008 presidential general election results|publisher=New York State Board of Elections|access-date=April 30, 2015|archive-date=August 15, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815104346/http://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/Elections/2008/Primary/PP-DEM-PRES-2008.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Obama won Tompkins County (including Ithaca) by a wide margin of 41% over his opponent [[John McCain]] in the November 2008 election.

=== Sister city ===
Ithaca is a [[city twinning|sister city]] of:
* [[Eldoret]], Kenya<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://hepstrack.com/blog/2014/03/31/the-rift-makes-ithaca-shift/ | title=The Rift Makes Ithaca Shift | publisher=HepsTrack, LLC | work=HepsTrack.com | date=March 31, 2014 | access-date=April 27, 2014 | archive-date=January 21, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121103654/http://hepstrack.com/blog/2014/03/31/the-rift-makes-ithaca-shift/ | url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Education ==
===Colleges===
{{Further|Cornell University|Ithaca College}}
[[File:Cornell University from McGraw Tower.JPG|thumb|[[Sage Chapel]] at [[Cornell University]]]]
Ithaca is a major educational center in [[Central New York]]. The two major post-secondary educational institutions located in Ithaca were each founded in the late 19th century. In 1865, Ezra Cornell founded [[Cornell University]], which overlooks the town from East Hill. It was opened as a [[coeducational]] institution. Women first enrolled in 1870. Ezra Cornell also established [[Tompkins County Public Library|a public library]] for the city. [[Ithaca College]] was founded as the Ithaca Conservatory of Music in 1892.<ref>[https://www.tcpl.org/research-learn/local-history-genealogy Wilgus Opera House] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410012759/https://www.tcpl.org/research-learn/local-history-genealogy |date=April 10, 2020 }}, Ithaca, New York. From 1894 until 1911 (except for occasional years), the Ithaca Conservatory of Music occupied the second and third floors of the Wilgus Block, located beside the Sprague Block. Accessed via "Wilgus Opera House, Ithaca, NY" https://bscottholmes.com/content/wilgus-opera-house-ithaca-ny {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323213741/https://bscottholmes.com/content/wilgus-opera-house-ithaca-ny |date=March 23, 2020 }} March 2020.</ref> Ithaca College was originally located in the downtown area but relocated to South Hill in the 1960s. In 2018, there were 23,600 students enrolled at Cornell and 6,700 at Ithaca College.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cornell.edu/about/facts.cfm |title=Cornell University : Enrollments by College : Ithaca Campus – Fall 2018 |publisher=Dpb.cornell.edu |access-date=April 19, 2019 |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403053400/https://www.cornell.edu/about/facts.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Tompkins Cortland Community College]] is located in the neighboring town of [[Dryden (town), New York|Dryden]], and has an extension center in downtown Ithaca. [[Empire State College]] offers non-traditional college courses to adults in downtown Ithaca.

===Public schools===
{{Further|Ithaca City School District}}
The [[Ithaca City School District]], based in Ithaca, encompasses the city and its surrounding area and enrolls about 5,500 K-12 students in eight elementary schools (roughly one for every neighborhood), two middle schools (Boynton and Dewitt), [[Ithaca High School (Ithaca, New York)|Ithaca High School]] and the [[Lehman Alternative Community School]], a combined middle and high school. Several private elementary and secondary schools are located in the Ithaca area, including the Roman Catholic Immaculate Conception School, the [[Cascadilla School]], the New Roots Charter School, the Elizabeth Ann Clune Montessori School, the Namaste Montessori School (in the [[Trumansburg]] area) and the Ithaca [[Waldorf School]]. Ithaca has two networks for supporting its home-schooling families: Loving Education At Home (LEAH) and the Northern Light Learning Center (NLLC). TST BOCES is located in [[Tompkins County]].

===Library===
[[File:Tompkins County Public Library, Ithaca NY.jpg|thumb|Tompkins County Public Library]]
The [[Tompkins County Public Library]], located at 101 East Green Street, serves as the public library for Tompkins County and is the Central Library for the [[Finger Lakes Library System]]. The library serves over 38,000 registered borrowers and contains nearly 260,000 items in its circulating collection, and circulates about 800,000 items annually.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About TCPL |url=https://www.tcpl.org/about-us/about-tcpl |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=Tompkins County Public Library |archive-date=August 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830152743/https://www.tcpl.org/about-us/about-tcpl |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Economy ==
[[File:Ithaca Farmers Market, Steamboat Landing, Ithaca NY.jpg|thumb|Ithaca Farmer's market at Steamboat Landing]]
The economy of Ithaca is based on education and further supported by agriculture, technology and tourism. As of 2006, Ithaca has continued to have one of the few expanding economies in New York State outside New York City. It draws commuters for work from the neighboring rural counties of [[Cortland County, New York|Cortland]], [[Tioga County, New York|Tioga]], and [[Schuyler County, New York|Schuyler]], as well as from the more urbanized [[Chemung County, New York|Chemung County]].

Ithaca has tried to maintain its traditional downtown shopping area with its pedestrian orientation; this includes the [[Ithaca Commons]] pedestrian mall and Center Ithaca, a small mixed-use complex built at the end of the urban renewal era. Another commercial center, Collegetown, is located next to the Cornell campus. It features a number of restaurants, shops and bars, and an increasing number of high-rise apartments. It is primarily frequented by Cornell University students.

Ithaca has many of the businesses characteristic of small American university towns: bookstores, art-house cinemas, craft stores and vegetarian-friendly restaurants. The collective [[Moosewood Restaurant]], founded in 1973, published a number of vegetarian cookbooks.<ref name=facts /> ''[[Bon Appetit]]'' magazine ranked it among the thirteen most influential restaurants of the 20th century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newyorkupstate.com/ithaca/2016/01/moosewood_ithacas_nationally_known_vegetarian_restaurant_destination_photos.html|title=Moosewood: Ithaca's acclaimed vegetarian restaurant destination (photos)|last=Schild|first=Scott|date=January 14, 2016|website=New York Upstate|access-date=April 9, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801231721/https://www.newyorkupstate.com/ithaca/2016/01/moosewood_ithacas_nationally_known_vegetarian_restaurant_destination_photos.html|url-status=live}}</ref>  Ithaca has many local restaurants and chains, both in the city and town, with a range of ethnic foods.

The Ithaca Farmers Market, a cooperative, first opened for business on Saturdays in 1973. It is located at Steamboat Landing, where steamboats from Cayuga Lake used to dock.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ithacamarket.com/history-mission/|title=History & Mission|date=March 20, 2019|access-date=August 2, 2019|archive-date=August 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802151444/https://ithacamarket.com/history-mission/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The South Hills Business Campus originally opened in 1957 as the regional headquarters of the [[National Cash Register]] Company. Running three full factory shifts, NCR was a major employer. Although it was sold in 1991 to [[American Telephone and Telegraph]] and later acquired by Cognitive TPG, it remains a major tenant of the South Hill Business Campus, which is now owned by a group of private investors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://southhillbusinesscampus.com/southhill/history.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927201925/http://southhillbusinesscampus.com/southhill/history.html|url-status=dead|title=Heffner, Mary C., "History of the South Hill Business Campus"|archive-date=September 27, 2015|access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
Ithaca, home to the [[New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University|Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences]], has a deep connection to Central New York's farming and dairy industries. About 60 small farms are located in the greater Ithaca/Trumansburg area,<ref>{{cite web |title=Local Farms near Ithaca, NY |url=https://www.localharvest.org/ithaca-ny/farms |website=Local Harvest |publisher=The LocalHarvest National Directory |access-date=January 5, 2019 |archive-date=January 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106010221/https://www.localharvest.org/ithaca-ny/farms |url-status=live }}</ref> including a number of research farms managed by the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station.<ref>{{cite web |title=Research Farms |url=https://cuaes.cals.cornell.edu/farms/ |website=Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station |publisher=Cornel College of Agriculture and Life Sciences |access-date=January 5, 2019 |archive-date=January 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105201208/https://cuaes.cals.cornell.edu/farms/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cornell's Dairy Research Facility is a center of research and support for New York's large and growing milk and yogurt industries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cornell summit: Milk means money |url=https://www.ithacajournal.com/story/news/local/2014/10/15/cornell-dairy-summit/17325081/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=The Ithaca Journal |date=October 15, 2014 |archive-date=August 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813084344/https://www.ithacajournal.com/story/news/local/2014/10/15/cornell-dairy-summit/17325081/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Media==
The ''[[Ithaca Journal]]'', founded in 1815, is a morning daily newspaper that has been owned by [[Gannett]] since 1912. The ''Ithaca Voice'' is a nonprofit digital news site with a mission to improve civic and political understanding in Ithaca and Tompkins County.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://ithacavoice.com/about-us-main/ |website=Ithaca Voice |access-date=8 November 2022 |archive-date=February 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206034215/https://ithacavoice.com/about-us-main/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The ''[[Ithaca Times]]'' is a free alternative weekly newspaper that's published every Wednesday. ''[[The Cornell Daily Sun]]'' is also published in Ithaca, operating since 1880. Other media outlets include the online magazine ''14850.com''.

Ithaca is home to several radio stations:
{{Div col}}
* [[WICB]] 91.7 FM is a non-commercial, student-run station owned by Ithaca College.
* [[WPIE]] 1160 AM/107.1 FM "ESPN Ithaca" is a sports talk station locally owned by Taughannock Media.
* [[WQNY]] "Q-Country" 103.7 FM, owned by The Cayuga Radio Group, a subsidiary of Saga Communications, Inc.
* [[WINO (<span class="ltr">FM</span>)|WINO]] 88.1 FM, Ithaca Community Radio, has a studio and offices in the Clinton House, and also broadcasts at 91.9 FM in [[Watkins Glen, New York|Watkins Glen]].
* [[WVBR-FM]] 93.5 FM/105.5 FM, affiliated with Cornell University, is a student-owned and operated commercial station with music, sports including Cornell hockey, and community members hosting specialty programming.
* [[WYXL]] "Lite Rock" 97.3 FM
* News/talk [[WHCU]] 870 AM
* Progressive talk [[WNYY]] 1470 AM
* Classic rock "I-100" [[WIII (<span class="ltr">FM</span>)|WIII]] 99.9 FM
{{Div col}}
{{div col end}}
Public radio:
* WSQG 90.9 FM, [[WSKG-FM]]'s Ithaca frequency, provides [[NPR]] and classical music programming.
* [[WITH (<span class="ltr">FM</span>)|WITH]] 90.1 FM is the local translator for public radio and [[Adult album alternative|AAA]] station [[WRUR-FM]] in Rochester.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.withradio.org/about-us|title=About WITH|website=www.withradio.org|access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

Other FM stations include: Saga's "98.7 The Vine", a low-powered translator station; [[WFIZ]] "Z95.5", airing a top-40 (CHR) format; contemporary Christian music station WCII 88.9; and classic rock "The Wall" WLLW 99.3 and 96.3, based in [[Seneca Falls (village), New York|Seneca Falls]] with a transmitter in Ithaca.

== Culture ==
[[File:ClintonHouseInIthacaNY.jpg|thumb|[[Clinton House (Ithaca, New York)|Clinton House]], a 19th-century building in downtown Ithaca]]
Founded in 1983, the [[Sciencenter]] is a non-profit hands-on science museum, accredited by the American Alliance of Museums (AAM). It is a member of the Association of Science-Technology Centers (ASTC) and Association of Children's Museums (ACM).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sciencenter.org/about-us.html|title=About Us &#124; Staff &#124; Board &#124; Press &#124; Sciencenter|website=www.sciencenter.org|access-date=August 2, 2019|archive-date=July 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725163156/http://www.sciencenter.org/about-us.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Museum of the Earth]] is a [[natural history museum]] created in 2003 by the [[Paleontological Research Institution]] (PRI). The PRI was founded in Ithaca in 1932 and is the publisher of the oldest journal of [[paleontology]] in the [[western hemisphere]]. Exhibits cover the 4.5-billion-year history of the earth in an accessible manner, including interactive displays. As of 2004, the PRI is now formally affiliated with Cornell.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.priweb.org/about.php?page=who_we_are%2FPRI_history |title=Mission and History Accessed Feb 29, 2016 |access-date=August 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114115551/http://www.priweb.org/about.php?page=who_we_are%2FPRI_history |archive-date=November 14, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[Cayuga Nature Center]] occupies the site of the 1914 Cayuga Preventorium, a facility for children with [[tuberculosis]]; treatment of what was then considered an incurable disease was based on rest and good nutrition. In 1981, the Cayuga Nature Center was incorporated as an independent, private, non-profit educational organization, offering environmental education to local school districts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.priweb.org/outreach.php?page=ednaturectr/cnchistory|title=Cayuga Nature Center - Paleontological Research Institution|website=www.priweb.org|access-date=August 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815180118/http://www.priweb.org/outreach.php?page=ednaturectr%2Fcnchistory|archive-date=August 15, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2011, the PRI merged with the Cayuga Nature Center, making it a sister organization to the Museum of the Earth.

The [[Cornell Lab of Ornithology]] is located in the Imogene Powers Johnson Center for Birds and Biodiversity. The Lab's Visitors' Center and observation areas are open to the public. Displays include a surround-sound theater, object-theater presentation, sound studio and informational kiosks featuring bird sounds and information.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.discoverytrail.com/discovering/cloo.php|title=Ithaca's Discovery Trail: Cornell Lab of Ornithology|website=www.discoverytrail.com|access-date=August 2, 2019|archive-date=June 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613234922/http://www.discoverytrail.com/discovering/cloo.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art]] houses one of the finest collections of art in upstate New York.<ref name="muse" /> Special exhibitions are mounted each year, plus selections from a global permanent collection, which is displayed on six public floors. The collection includes art from throughout Asia, Africa, Europe, the Americas, graphic arts, medallic art and Tiffany glass, ranging from the ancient to the contemporary.<ref name="muse">{{Cite web|url=http://museum.cornell.edu/|title=Home &#124; Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art|website=museum.cornell.edu|access-date=August 2, 2019|archive-date=January 5, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105062925/http://www.museum.cornell.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Center for the Arts at Ithaca, Inc., operates the "[[Hangar Theatre]]". Opened in 1975 in a renovated municipal airport hangar, the Hangar hosts a summer season and brings a range of theatre to regional audiences including students, producing a school tour and Artists-in-the-Schools programs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hangartheatre.org/history-of-the-hangar-theatre.html |title="Mission & History", Hangar Theatre |access-date=August 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717043747/http://www.hangartheatre.org/history-of-the-hangar-theatre.html |archive-date=July 17, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Ithaca is also the home to [[Kitchen Theatre Company]], a non-profit professional company with a theatre on West State Street, and Civic Ensemble, a creative collaborative ensemble staging emerging playwrights' work and community-based original productions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://civicensemble.org/|title=Civic Ensemble • Ithaca's Civic-minded Theatre Company: Engaging The Community • Employing Local Talent • Championing New Plays • Starting New Discussions|access-date=August 2, 2019|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104329/http://civicensemble.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ithaca is noted for its annual community celebration, The Ithaca Festival. Ithaca also hosts one of the largest used-book sales in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lifeinthefingerlakes.com/ithacas-booming-book-sale/ |title=Ithaca's Booming Book Sale – Life in the Finger Lakes, Summer 2014 |date=May 2014 |access-date=February 29, 2016 |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306122248/http://www.lifeinthefingerlakes.com/ithacas-booming-book-sale/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Constance Saltonstall Foundation for the Arts supports New York State artists and writers through two key programs: free stipend-supported, juried residencies and a self-directed, non-juried, low-cost retreats. Saltonstall was founded in 1995 and is located eight miles outside Ithaca. Between 1996 and 2008, the Saltonstall Foundation provided grants to individual artists and writers from central and western New York counties. Saltonstall hosts Open House events for the public to meet the current artists and writers at the residency and to learn about the foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Saltonstall |url=https://www.saltonstall.org/about-us/about-saltonstall/ |access-date=February 13, 2024 |website=Constance Saltonstall Foundation for the Arts |archive-date=February 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217223201/https://www.saltonstall.org/about-us/about-saltonstall/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Constance Saltonstall Foundation for the Arts {{!}} Artist Communities Alliance |url=https://artistcommunities.org/directory/organizations/constance-saltonstall-foundation-arts |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=artistcommunities.org |archive-date=March 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327065336/https://artistcommunities.org/directory/organizations/constance-saltonstall-foundation-arts |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Citranglo |first=Christie |date=August 21, 2017 |title=A Look at Saltonstall's Upcoming Open House |url=https://www.ithaca.com/entertainment/a-look-at-saltonstalls-upcoming-open-house/article_474487d0-82a1-11e7-aabc-33e58a4e3a6c.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215001917/https://www.ithaca.com/entertainment/a-look-at-saltonstalls-upcoming-open-house/article_474487d0-82a1-11e7-aabc-33e58a4e3a6c.html |archive-date=February 15, 2024 |access-date=February 14, 2024 |website=Ithica.com}}</ref>

Founded in 1992, the [[Namgyal Monastery Institute of Buddhist Studies|Namgyal Monastery in Ithaca]] is the North American [[Family seat|seat]] of the [[14th Dalai Lama|Dalai Lama]]'s [[Namgyal Monastery]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Namgyal Monastery |publisher=Institute of Buddhist Studies |year=2007 |url=http://www.namgyal.org/ |access-date=August 16, 2007}}</ref>

The city and town also sponsor The Apple Festival in the fall, the Chili Fest in February, the Finger Lakes International Dragon Boat Festival in July,  [[Porchfest]] in late September and the Ithaca Brew Fest in [[Stewart Park (Ithaca, New York)|Stewart Park]] in September.

Ithaca has also pioneered the [[Ithaca Health Fund]], a popular cooperative health insurance. Ithaca is home to [[Ithaca Hours]], one of the first [[local currency]] systems in the United States. It was developed by [[Paul Glover (activist)|Paul Glover]].

=== Music ===
Ithaca is the home of the [[Cayuga Chamber Orchestra]].

The Cornell Concert Series<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cornellconcertseries.com/|title=Home|website=Cornell Concert Series|access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref> has been hosting musicians and ensembles of international stature since 1903. For its initial 84 years, the series featured Western classical artists exclusively. In 1987, however, the series broke with tradition to present Ravi Shankar and has since grown to encompass a broader spectrum of the world's great music. Now, it balances a mix of Western classical music, traditions from around the world, jazz, and new music in these genres. In a single season, Cornell Concert Series presents performers ranging from the Leipzig Tomanerchor and Danish Quartet to Simon Shaheen, Vida Guitar Quartet, and Eighth Blackbird.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cornellconcertseries.com/visit/past-highlights/|title=Past Highlights|website=Cornell Concert Series|access-date=August 2, 2019|archive-date=August 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802151441/http://www.cornellconcertseries.com/visit/past-highlights/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Ithaca College School of Music|School of Music]] at Ithaca College was founded in 1892 by [[William Egbert]] as a music conservatory on Buffalo Street. Among the degree programs offered are those in Performance, Theory, Music Education and Composition. Since 1941, the School of Music has been accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ithaca.edu/academics/school-music|title=School of Music|website=Ithaca College|access-date=August 2, 2019|archive-date=May 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501105913/https://www.ithaca.edu/academics/school-music|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ithaca's [[Suzuki Method|Suzuki]] school, Ithaca Talent Education, provides musical training for children of all ages and also teacher training for undergraduate and graduate-level students. The Community School of Music and Art uses an extensive scholarship system to offer classes and lessons to any student, regardless of age, background, economic status or artistic ability.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.csma-ithaca.org/Info.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021024163928/http://www.csma-ithaca.org/Info.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 24, 2002|title=About CSMA|date=October 24, 2002|access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref>

A number of musicians call Ithaca home, most notably [[Samite (musician)|Samite]] of Uganda, [[The Burns Sisters]], [[The Horse Flies]], [[Johnny Dowd]], [[Mary Lorson]], cellist [[Hank Roberts]], [[Anna Coogan]], [[John Brown's Body (band)|John Brown's Body]], [[Kurt Riley]], [[X Ambassadors]], and [[Alex Kresovich]]. [[Old-time music]] is a staple, and folk music is featured weekly on [[WVBR-FM]]'s ''Bound for Glory'', North America's longest-running live folk concert broadcast. The [[Finger Lakes GrassRoots Festival of Music and Dance]], hosted by local band [[Donna the Buffalo]], is held annually during the third week in July in the nearby village of [[Trumansburg, New York|Trumansburg]], with more than 60 local, national and international acts.

Ithaca is the center of a thriving live music scene, featuring more than 200 groups playing most genres of American popular and world music, the predominant genres being folk, rock, blues, jazz, country, lo-fi and reggae.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://ithacamusic.net/org.php?c=venue|title=Music Venues : Ithaca Music Scene : A catalog of musicians, venues, and services in the Ithaca, NY area|website=ithacamusic.net|access-date=August 2, 2019|archive-date=July 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719235424/http://ithacamusic.net/org.php?c=venue|url-status=live}}</ref> There are more than 80 live music venues within a 40-mile radius of the city, including cafes, pubs, clubs and concert halls.<ref name="auto"/>

== Transportation ==
In 2009, the Ithaca metropolitan statistical area (MSA) ranked as the highest in the United States for the percentage of commuters who walked to work (15.1 percent).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/acs-15.pdf|series=American Community Survey Reports|title=Commuting in the United States: 2009|access-date=December 9, 2017|date=September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726134351/https://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/acs-15.pdf|archive-date=July 26, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2013, the Ithaca MSA ranked as the second-lowest in the United States for percentage of commuters who traveled by private vehicle (68.7 percent). During the same year, 17.5 percent of commuters in the Ithaca MSA walked to work.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2015/acs/acs-32.pdf |title=Who Drives to Work? Commuting by Automobile in the United States: 2013 |series=American Survey Reports |access-date=December 9, 2017 |date=August 2015 |author=McKenzie, Brian |archive-date=December 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221064610/https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2015/acs/acs-32.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Roads ===
[[File:TompkinsConsolidatedAreaTransitBus2.JPG|thumb|A [[Tompkins Consolidated Area Transit|TCAT]] bus]]
[[File:Voyager golden record 103 highway.gif|thumb|[[New York State Route 13|Route 13]] in Ithaca, photographed for the ''[[Voyager Golden Record]]'']]
Ithaca is in the rural Finger Lakes region about {{Convert|225|mi|km}} northwest of New York City; the nearest larger cities, [[Binghamton, New York|Binghamton]] and [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]], are an hour's drive away by car, [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]] and [[Scranton, Pennsylvania|Scranton]] are two hours, [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] and [[Albany, New York|Albany]] are three hours. [[New York City]], [[Philadelphia]], [[Toronto]], and [[Ottawa]] are approximately four hours away.

Ithaca lies at over a half-hour's drive from any [[interstate highway]], and all car trips to Ithaca involve some driving on two-lane state rural highways. The city is at the convergence of many regional two-lane state highways: Routes [[New York State Route 13|13]], [[New York State Route 13A|13A]], [[New York State Route 34|34]], [[New York State Route 79|79]], [[New York State Route 89|89]], [[New York State Route 96|96]], [[New York State Route 96B|96B]] and [[New York State Route 366|366]]. These are usually not congested except in Ithaca proper. However, Route 79 between the I-81 access at Whitney Point and Ithaca receives a significant amount of Ithaca-bound congestion right before Ithaca's colleges reopen after breaks.

In July 2008, a non-profit called Ithaca Carshare began a [[carsharing]] service in Ithaca. Ithaca Carshare has a fleet of vehicles shared by over 1500 members as of July, 2015 and has become a popular service among both city residents and the college communities. Vehicles are located throughout Ithaca downtown and at the two major institutions. With Ithaca Carshare as the first locally-run carsharing organization in New York State, others have since launched in [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], Albany, and [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]].

Rideshare services to promote carpooling and vanpooling are operated by ZIMRIDE and VRIDE. A community mobility education program, Way2Go, is operated by Cornell Cooperative Extension of Tompkins County. Way2Go's website provides consumer information and videos. Way2Go works collaboratively to help people save money, stress less, go green and improve mobility options.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ccetompkins.org/community/way2go#sthash.IocP71mT.dpuf |title=Cornell Cooperative Extension &#124; Way2Go |publisher=Ccetompkins.org |date=April 16, 2015 |access-date=April 30, 2015}}</ref> The 2-1-1 Tompkins/Cortland Help line connects people with services, including transportation, in the community, by telephone and web on a 24/7 basis. The information and referral service is operated by the Human Services Coalition of Tompkins County, Inc. Together, 2-1-1 Information and Referral and Way2Go are a one-call, one-click resource designed to mobility services information for Ithaca and throughout Tompkins County.

===Bus===
There is frequent intercity bus service by [[Greyhound Lines]], New York Trailways, [[OurBus]], [[FlixBus]], and Shortline (Coach USA), particularly to Binghamton and New York City, with limited service to Rochester, [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] and Syracuse, and via connections in Binghamton to [[Utica, New York|Utica]] and [[Albany, New York|Albany]]. OurBus provides limited holiday services to [[Allentown, Pennsylvania]], [[Philadelphia]], and [[Washington, D.C.]]. [[Cornell University]] runs a premium campus-to-campus bus between its Ithaca campus and its medical school in [[Manhattan]], New York City, which is open to the public. Starting in September 2019, intercity buses began serving Ithaca from the downtown bus stop at 131 East Green Street after the former [[Ithaca Bus Station|Greyhound bus station]] on West State Street closed due to staff retirement and building maintenance issues.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://locations.greyhound.com/bus-stations/us/ny/ithaca/bus-station-150898|title=Ithaca NY Bus Station {{!}} Greyhound|website=locations.greyhound.com|access-date=2019-12-05|archive-date=December 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205205516/https://locations.greyhound.com/bus-stations/us/ny/ithaca/bus-station-150898|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ithaca.com/news/future-of-ithaca-s-bus-depot-in-the-air/article_c53fcc16-7ee1-11e8-8d06-4b99a57d66db.html|title=Future of Ithaca's bus depot in the air|last=Reynolds|first=Mark H. Anbinder & Nick|website=Ithaca Times|date=July 3, 2018|language=en|access-date=2019-12-05|archive-date=December 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205195540/https://www.ithaca.com/news/future-of-ithaca-s-bus-depot-in-the-air/article_c53fcc16-7ee1-11e8-8d06-4b99a57d66db.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cornellsun.com/2018/10/10/ithaca-bus-terminal-relocates-to-new-space-on-green-street/|title=Ithaca Bus Terminal Relocates to New Space on Green Street|date=2018-10-10|website=The Cornell Daily Sun|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-05|archive-date=December 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205195538/https://cornellsun.com/2018/10/10/ithaca-bus-terminal-relocates-to-new-space-on-green-street/|url-status=live}}</ref> OurBus now picks up and drops off on Seneca Street, near the downtown Starbucks and Hilton Garden Inn.

Ithaca is the center of an extensive bus public transportation network. [[Tompkins Consolidated Area Transit]], Inc. (TCAT, Inc.) is a not-for-profit corporation that provides public transportation for Tompkins County, New York. TCAT was reorganized as a non-profit corporation in 2004 and is primarily supported locally by Cornell University, the City of Ithaca and Tompkins County. TCAT's ridership increased from 2.7 million in 2004 to 4.4 million in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcatbus.com/files/all/tcat_2013_yearbook_-_final.pdf|title=2013 Yearbook|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027015210/http://www.tcatbus.com/files/all/tcat_2013_yearbook_-_final.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 27, 2014|date=October 27, 2014|access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref> TCAT operates 34 routes, many running seven days a week. It has frequent service to downtown, Cornell University, [[Ithaca College]], and [[The Shops at Ithaca Mall]] in the Lansing, New York, but less frequent service to residential and rural areas, including [[Trumansburg, New York|Trumansburg]] and [[Newfield, New York|Newfield]]. Chemung County Transit (C-TRAN) runs weekday commuter service from Chemung County to Ithaca. Cortland Transit runs commuter service to Cornell University. Tioga County Public Transit operated three routes to Ithaca and Cornell, but ceased operations on November 30, 2014.

GADABOUT Transportation Services, Inc. provides demand-response paratransit service for seniors over 60 and people with disabilities. Ithaca Dispatch provides local and regional taxi service. In addition, Ithaca Airline Limousine and IthaCar Service connect to the local airports.

===Airports===
{{Further|Ithaca Tompkins International Airport}}
[[File:Ithaca Tompkins Airport tower nov 2017.jpg|thumb|[[Ithaca Tompkins International Airport]] viewed from a taxiing plane]]
Ithaca is served by [[Ithaca Tompkins International Airport]], located about three miles to the northeast of the city center. In late 2019, the airport completed a major $34.8 million renovation which included a larger terminal with additional passenger gates and [[jet bridge]]s, expanded passenger amenities and a {{convert|5000|sqft|m2}} customs facility that enables it to receive international charter and private flights.<ref name="ijairport">{{citation|url=https://www.ithacajournal.com/story/news/local/2019/12/20/ithaca-tompkins-international-airport-reveals-34-8-million-upgrades/2697178001/|title=Ithaca Tompkins International Airport reveals $34.8 million upgrades|first=Kate|last=Collins|work=Ithaca Journal|date=December 20, 2019}}</ref>

[[American Eagle (airline brand)|American Airlines]] pulled out of Ithaca on September 7, 2022, citing pilot shortages. [[Delta Connection]] provides service to and from [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]], operated by its commuter partner [[Endeavor Air]], using the [[Bombardier CRJ200]] commuter-jet.  [[United Express]] offers daily flights to its hub at [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark Liberty Airport]], operated by its commuter partner [[GoJet Airlines]], using the two-class [[Bombardier CRJ550]] commuter-jet.

===Railways===
[[File:Lehigh Valley Railroad Station, Ithaca, New York-with sign.jpg|thumb|[[Ithaca station (Lehigh Valley Railroad)|Lehigh Valley Railroad station]], built in 1898, has been refurbished and is now a [[Chemung Canal Trust Company]] bank branch]]
[[File:Cornell - White Memorial Entrance and streetcar (cropped).jpg|thumb|A 1907 illustration of a streetcar passing Eddy Gate, the main entrance to [[Cornell University]] at the time]]
[[File:NS 8921 GE C40-9W.jpg|thumb|A [[Norfolk Southern Railway]] locomotive]]
Into the mid-20th century, it was possible to reach Ithaca by passenger rail. At least two trains per day serviced Ithaca along the [[Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad]] until 1942, or the [[Lehigh Valley Railroad]]. The trip took about seven hours from [[New York City]], about eight hours from [[Philadelphia]], and about three hours from [[Buffalo, New York]].<ref name="Cornell-1920">{{cite book |title=Guide to the Campus: Cornell University |date=1920 |publisher=Cornell University |location=Ithaca, New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924055960987/page/n16 3]–4 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924055960987 |access-date=8 April 2019}}</ref> There has been no passenger rail service since February 4, 1961.

Beginning in the 1870s, there were trains to Buffalo via [[Geneva, New York]], to New York City via [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania]] on the [[Lehigh Valley Railroad]], to [[Hoboken, New Jersey]] with a train change in [[Owego, New York|Owego]] via [[Binghamton, New York|Binghampton]] and [[Scranton, Pennsylvania]] on the [[Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad]], and to the [[Northeastern United States|U.S. Northeast]] via [[Cortland, New York]] on the Lehigh Valley Railroad.<ref>Lee, Hardy Campbell (2008) (2nd ed.; first ed. 1977) ''A History of Railroads in Tompkins County''. Revised and enlarged by Winton Rossiter, maps by David Rossiter. Ithaca, NY: The History Center in Tompkins County</ref><ref>[http://www.swampstomper.nl/history/railways.html "Ithaca had its own 19th century railway rush"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903232612/http://www.swampstomper.nl/history/railways.html |date=September 3, 2015 }}, D G Rossiter, ''The Ithaca Journal'', Centennial edition, Friday, 08-April-1988. Last Accessed on 24-August-2014</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Lehigh Valley Railroad, Table 3|journal=Official Guide of the Railways |publisher=National Railway Publication Company |volume=78 |issue=12 |date=May 1946}}</ref> The Lehigh Valley's top New York City-Ithaca-Buffalo passenger train, the daylight ''[[Black Diamond (train)|Black Diamond]],'' was publicized as "The Handsomest Train in the World," but it took a roundabout route to New York City, traveling south to [[Waverly, Tioga County, New York|Waverly, New York]], to Wilkes-Barre and [[Easton, Pennsylvania|Easton]], and then across [[New Jersey]]. It was named after the railroad's largest commodity, [[anthracite]] coal, and made its last run on May 11, 1959.

Until March 1942, the Lackawanna Railroad operated two shuttle trains a day between Ithaca and Owego, where passengers could transfer to westbound trains to Buffalo and [[Chicago]] or eastbound to Binghamton, [[Scranton, Pennsylvania]], and [[Hoboken, New Jersey]], across the [[Hudson River]] from New York City.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad, Tables 1, 12|journal=Official Guide of the Railways |publisher=National Railway Publication Company |volume=74 |issue=1 |date=June 1941}}</ref> Until September 15, 1958, the Lackawanna maintained Syracuse-Binghamton service through nearby [[Cortland, New York|Cortland]], to the east.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad, Table 3|journal=Official Guide of the Railways |publisher=National Railway Publication Company |volume=91 |issue=3 |date=August 1958}}</ref> Until May 11, 1959, two Lehigh Valley trains a day made both westbound and eastbound stops in Ithaca.<ref>Lehigh Valley Passenger Timetable, January 19, 1958.</ref> The last passenger train making stops in Ithaca was the Lehigh Valley's overnight ''[[Maple Leaf (LV train)|Maple Leaf]]'', which discontinued in February 1961.<ref>'Direct Link To N.Y. CN Link To Be Cut,' 'St. Catherines Standard,' February 2, 1961</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Last of the Railroad - Era Passes Tonight as Lehigh Ends Service|work=Geneva Times|date=February 3, 1961|url=http://www.enter.net/~lvrr/7a8.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013081023/http://www.enter.net/~lvrr/7a8.htm|archive-date=October 13, 2008}}</ref>

Within Ithaca, electric railways ran along Stewart Avenue and Eddy Street.<ref name="Cornell-1920" /> Ithaca was the fourth community in New York state with a street railway; [[streetcar]]s ran from 1887 until the summer of 1935.<ref>Kerr, Richard D. (1972) The Ithaca Street Railway, Forty Fort, PA: Howard D. Cox</ref><ref>[http://www.swampstomper.nl/history/street.html "Street cars preceded local bus lines"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903232612/http://www.swampstomper.nl/history/street.html |date=September 3, 2015 }}, D G Rossiter, The Ithaca Journal, Centennial edition, Friday, 08-April-1988 . Last Accessed on 24-August-2014</ref>

In December 2018, the Ithaca Central Railroad, a [[Watco]] subsidiary, took over operation via lease of the {{Convert|48.8|mi|km|adj=on}} [[Norfolk Southern]] Ithaca Secondary line from [[Sayre, Pennsylvania]] to the Cargill Salt mine site on the eastern shore of Cayuga Lake, near Myers Point. Unit coal trains carrying bituminous coal were delivered to the Ithaca Central at Sayre by [[Norfolk Southern]] for less than eight months afterward, traveling to the Ridge site of the Cayuga Operating Company: a coal-burning power plant known as Milliken Station during NYSEG ownership. The power plant closed on August 29, 2019. As of 2022, there are ambitious, proposed plans to convert its brownfield site into a major data center. The main rail freight traffic is now salt from the Cargill salt mine farther north. Norfolk Southern's tracks, headed north on the former Lehigh Valley Auburn and Ithaca Branch, include a distinctive section in Ithaca that runs along the side of Fulton St. (NY13 southbound), although not in the street itself.

== Points of interest ==
{{For |additional information about recreational trails|Trails in Ithaca, New York}}
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Buttermilk Falls State Park]]
* [[Carl Sagan]]'s Grave
* [[Cayuga Nature Center]]
* [[Cornell Botanic Gardens]]
* [[Cornell University]]
* [[Finger Lakes Trail]]
* [[Ithaca College]]
* [[Ithaca Commons]]
* [[Ithaca Dog Park]]
* [[Ithaca Falls]]
* [[Museum of the Earth|Paleontological Research Institution's Museum of the Earth]]
* [[Robert H. Treman State Park]]
* [[Sagan Planet Walk]]
* [[Sapsucker Woods Sanctuary]]
* [[Sciencenter]]
* [[Stewart Park (Ithaca, New York)|Stewart Park]]
* [[Taughannock Falls State Park]]
{{div col end}}

<gallery class="center">
WaterfallIthacaNY.jpg|The falls at [[Buttermilk Falls State Park]]
F.R. Newman Arboretum, Cornell University.jpg|[[Cornell Botanic Gardens]] at [[Cornell University]]
Hdr-Ithacafalls2.jpg|[[Ithaca Falls]]
IthacaDiner.jpg|Ithaca Diner
BW-IthacaAlley.jpg|Ithaca Alley
</gallery>

== Notable people ==
{{Main|List of people from Ithaca, New York}}

== Reputation ==
In addition to its liberal politics, Ithaca is commonly listed among the most culturally liberal of American small cities. In 1997, ''[[Utne Reader]]'' named Ithaca "America's most enlightened town".<ref>Jay Walljasper, Jon Spayde, [http://cafeutne.org/towns/ithaca.html ''Ithaca, New York: A Gritty upstate City Where the Grassroots are Green'', "America's 10 Most Enlightened Towns (and we don't mean Santa Fe)"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050723080807/http://cafeutne.org/towns/ithaca.html |date=July 23, 2005 }}, May/June, 1997 Issue, UTNE Reader</ref> As of 2007, according to [[ePodunk]]'s Gay Index, Ithaca has a score of 231, versus a national average score of 100.<ref>[http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=922 "Ithaca Community Profile"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070220142108/http://epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=922 |date=February 20, 2007 }} Gays & Lesbians local index</ref>  Like many small college towns, Ithaca has also received accolades for having a high overall quality of life.

In its earliest years, during the frontier days, what is now Ithaca was briefly known by the names "The Flats" and "Sodom,"<ref name="hoiatc" /><ref>[http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ny/state/his/bk7/ch7.html]{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071205073236/http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ny/state/his/bk7/ch7.html|date=December 5, 2007}}</ref><ref>[http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ny/state/his/bk7/index.html]{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303130305/http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ny/state/his/bk7/index.html|date=March 3, 2009}}</ref> the name of the [[Bible|Biblical]] [[Sodom and Gomorrah|city of sin]], due to its reputation as a town of "notorious immorality",<ref>See, e.g., 1811 article in local paper, at [http://freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~townofithaca/maps/1866atlas/_P9D9571small.jpg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525033920/http://freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~townofithaca/maps/1866atlas/_P9D9571small.jpg |date=May 25, 2006 }} or Town of Ithaca History project, available [http://www.town.ithaca.ny.us/ online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060424075412/http://www.town.ithaca.ny.us/ |date=April 24, 2006 }} (click on "History Project", then "Historical maps..." and finally "famous for its notorious immorality").</ref> a place of horse racing, gambling, profanity, Sabbath-breaking and readily-available liquor. [[Simeon De Witt]] renamed the town Ithaca for [[Homer's Ithaca|Odysseus' home island]] in the early 19th century, though nearby [[Robert H. Treman State Park]] still contains Lucifer Falls. Ithaca is primarily known for its growing wineries and microbreweries, live music, colleges and small dairy farms.{{citation needed|date = October 2023}}

== See also ==
* [[Ezra Cornell]]
* [[List of Registered Historic Places in New York]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.cityofithaca.org/ Official website]

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