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{{Short description|American politician (1942–2024)}}
{{Pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Pp-move}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2024}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Joe Lieberman
| image               = Joe Lieberman official portrait 2 (cropped 2).jpg
| caption             = Official portrait, 2005
| jr/sr               = United States Senator
| state               = [[Connecticut]]
| term_start          = January 3, 1989
| term_end            = January 3, 2013
| predecessor         = [[Lowell Weicker]]
| successor           = [[Chris Murphy]]
| office1             = Chair of the [[Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee]]
| term_start1         = January 3, 2007
| term_end1           = January 3, 2013
| predecessor1        = [[Susan Collins]]
| successor1          = [[Tom Carper]]
| term_start2         = June 6, 2001
| term_end2           = January 3, 2003
| predecessor2        = [[Fred Thompson]]
| successor2          = Susan Collins
| term_start3         = January 3, 2001
| term_end3           = January 20, 2001
| predecessor3        = Fred Thompson
| successor3          = Fred Thompson
| order4              = 21st
| office4             = Attorney General of Connecticut
| governor4           = [[William A. O'Neill|William O'Neill]]
| term_start4         = January 5, 1983
| term_end4           = January 3, 1989
| predecessor4        = [[Carl R. Ajello]]
| successor4          = [[Clarine Nardi Riddle]]
| state_senate5       = Connecticut State
| term_start5         = January 1971
| term_end5           = January 1981
| constituency5       = {{ubl|[[Connecticut's 11th State Senate district|11th district]] (1971–1973)|[[Connecticut's 10th State Senate district|10th district]] (1973–1981)}}
| predecessor5        = Edward Marcus
| successor5          = John Daniels
| birth_name          = Joseph Isadore Lieberman
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1942|2|24}}
| birth_place         = [[Stamford, Connecticut]], U.S.
| death_date          = {{death date and age|2024|3|27|1942|2|24}}
| death_place         = New York City, U.S.
| restingplace        = [[Congregation Agudath Sholom]]
| party               = {{ubl|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (before 2006, from 2013)|[[Independent politician|Independent]] (2006–2013)<ref name = Voght>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/style/power/2023/11/07/joe-lieberman-no-labels-2024 |title=Joe Lieberman Will Not Leave His Fellow Democrats Alone |last=Voght |first=Kara |date=November 7, 2023 |accessdate=March 27, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited |quote=Officially he'd ended his 24 years in the Senate as an independent, but when he moved to the Bronx neighborhood of Riverdale, Lieberman registered to vote with the party he'd joined amid heady idealism of the Kennedy years. |archive-date=November 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111051732/https://www.washingtonpost.com/style/power/2023/11/07/joe-lieberman-no-labels-2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| otherparty          = {{ubl|[[Connecticut for Lieberman]] (2006–2013)|[[Senate Democratic Caucus]] (2006–2013)}}
| spouse              = {{ubl|{{marriage|Betty Haas|1965|1981|end=div}}|{{marriage|[[Hadassah Freilich]]|1982}}}}
| children            = 3
| education           = [[Yale University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[LLB]])
| signature           = Joe Lieberman Signature.svg
| module              = {{Listen
|pos         = center
|embed       = yes
|filename    = Sen. Joe Lieberman Questions Secretary of Defense Robert Gates on 2011 Afghanistan Troop Reductions.ogg
|title       = Joe Lieberman's voice
|type        = speech
|description = Lieberman questions Secretary of Defense [[Robert Gates]] on troop reductions in Afghanistan.<br />Recorded December 2, 2009}}
}}
{{Joe Lieberman series}}
'''Joseph Isadore Lieberman''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|iː|b|ər|m|ən}}; February 24, 1942 – March 27, 2024) was an American politician and lawyer who served as a [[United States senator]] from [[Connecticut]] from 1989 to 2013. A former member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], he was its [[2000 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection|nominee for vice president of the United States]] in the [[2000 U.S. presidential election]]. During his final term in office, he was officially listed as an [[independent Democrat]] and caucused with and chaired committees for the Democratic Party.

Lieberman was elected as a [[Reform Democrat]] in 1970 to the [[Connecticut Senate]], where he served three terms as majority leader. After an unsuccessful bid for the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] in 1980, he served as the [[Connecticut attorney general]] from 1983 to 1989. He narrowly defeated [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] incumbent [[Lowell Weicker]] in [[1988 United States Senate election in Connecticut|1988]] to win election to the U.S. Senate and was re-elected in [[1994 United States Senate election in Connecticut|1994]], [[2000 United States Senate election in Connecticut|2000]], and [[2006 United States Senate election in Connecticut|2006]]. He was the Democratic Party nominee for vice president in the 2000 presidential election, running with [[presidential nominee]] and then Vice President [[Al Gore]], and becoming the first Jewish candidate on a U.S. [[major party]] presidential ticket.<ref name="EDAH">{{cite web |url=http://www.edah.org/backend/coldfusion/search/document.cfm?title=The%20Lieberman%20Phenomenon&hyperlink=The_Lieberman_Phenomenon.html&type=JournalArticle&category=Orthodoxy%20and%20Modernity&authortitle=Dr.&firstname=Samuel&lastname=Heilman&pubsource=The%20Edah%20Journal%20Volume%201%3A1&authorid=278&pdfattachment=heilman.pdf |title=The Lieberman Phenomenon |work=Dr. Samuel Heilman&nbsp;– The Edah Journal Volume 1:1 |access-date=December 31, 2011 |archive-date=February 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202072750/http://www.edah.org/backend/coldfusion/search/document.cfm?title=The%20Lieberman%20Phenomenon&hyperlink=The_Lieberman_Phenomenon.html&type=JournalArticle&category=Orthodoxy%20and%20Modernity&authortitle=Dr.&firstname=Samuel&lastname=Heilman&pubsource=The%20Edah%20Journal%20Volume%201%3A1&authorid=278&pdfattachment=heilman.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washtimes.com/elections/candidate/336/ |title=Joseph Lieberman |work=The Washington Times |access-date=September 3, 2008 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

In the 2000 presidential election, Gore and Lieberman won the [[Direct election|popular vote]] by a margin of more than 500,000 votes but lost the deciding [[Electoral College (United States)|Electoral College]] to the Republican [[George W. Bush]]&nbsp;/ [[Dick Cheney]] ticket 271–266. He also unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination in the [[2004 U.S. presidential election]]. During his Senate re-election bid in 2006, Lieberman lost the Democratic primary election but won re-election in the general election as a [[Third party (United States)|third party]] candidate under the [[Connecticut for Lieberman]] party label.

Lieberman was officially listed in Senate records for the [[110th United States Congress|110th]] and [[111th United States Congress|111th]] congresses as an Independent Democrat,<ref name="senate party">{{cite web |url=https://www.senate.gov/general/contact_information/senators_cfm.cfm?Name=Lieberman |title=Senators of the 110th Congress |publisher=[[U.S. Senate]] |date=January 3, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061227185804/https://www.senate.gov/general/contact_information/senators_cfm.cfm?Name=Lieberman |archive-date=December 27, 2006 }}</ref> and sat as part of the [[Senate Democratic Caucus]]. After [[2008 Republican National Convention#Tuesday, September 2, 2008|his speech at the 2008 Republican National Convention]] in which he endorsed [[John McCain 2008 presidential campaign|John McCain]] for president, he no longer attended Democratic Caucus leadership strategy meetings or policy lunches.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/conventions-over-lieberman-embarks-on-lonely-september-2008-09-09.html |title=The Hill |newspaper=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |access-date=May 24, 2010 |archive-date=December 9, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209132723/http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/conventions-over-lieberman-embarks-on-lonely-september-2008-09-09.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Senate Democratic Caucus voted to allow him to keep the chairmanship of the [[Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs]]. Subsequently, he announced that he would continue to caucus with the Democrats.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/19/us/politics/19cong.html?nl=pol&emc=pola1 | work=[[The New York Times]] | title=Democrats Gain as Stevens Loses Race | first=Carl | last=Hulse | date=November 19, 2008 | access-date=March 27, 2010 | archive-date=February 2, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202072756/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/19/us/politics/19cong.html?nl=pol&emc=pola1 | url-status=live }}</ref> Before the 2016 election, he endorsed [[Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign|Hillary Clinton]] for president and in 2020 endorsed [[Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign|Joe Biden]] for president.

As senator, Lieberman introduced and championed the [[Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010]] and legislation that led to the creation of the [[Department of Homeland Security]]. During debate on the [[Affordable Care Act]] (ACA), as the crucial 60th vote needed to pass the legislation, his opposition to the [[public health insurance option]] was critical to its removal from the resulting bill signed by President [[Barack Obama]].<ref name="auto">{{cite journal|url=http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/29/6/1117|title=The Origins And Demise Of The Public Option|first1=Helen A.|last1=Halpin|first2=Peter|last2=Harbage|date=June 1, 2010|journal=Health Affairs|volume=29|issue=6|pages=1117–1124|doi=10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0363|pmid=20530340|doi-access=free|access-date=May 3, 2016|archive-date=October 6, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006160040/http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/29/6/1117|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Early life==
Lieberman was born on February 24, 1942, in [[Stamford, Connecticut]], the son of Henry, who ran a liquor store, and Marcia (''née'' Manger) Lieberman.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nhyr-1x2hqgC&q=JOE%20LIEBERMAN%20FATHER%20STORE&pg=PA10|title=Joseph Lieberman: Keeping the Faith|first=Barbara Silberdick|last=Feinberg|date=January 1, 2001|publisher=Lerner Publications|isbn=9780761323037|via=Google Books|access-date=November 14, 2020|archive-date=April 1, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401052444/https://books.google.com/books?id=Nhyr-1x2hqgC&q=JOE%20LIEBERMAN%20FATHER%20STORE&pg=PA10#v=snippet&q=JOE%20LIEBERMAN%20FATHER%20STORE&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> His family is Jewish; his paternal grandparents emigrated from [[Congress Poland]] and his maternal grandparents were from [[Austria-Hungary]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wargs.com/political/lieberman.html|title=Ancestry of Joseph Lieberman (b. 1942)|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=February 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227134619/http://www.wargs.com/political/lieberman.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1963, Lieberman traveled to [[Mississippi]] to work in support of the [[civil rights movement]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fox61.com/article/news/local/joe-lieberman-a-look-back-at-his-career/520-13fedea0-ad72-4b96-9583-28093dd636bc |title=Joe Lieberman dies at age 82, his family says |date=March 27, 2024 |access-date=March 28, 2024 |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329234405/https://www.fox61.com/article/news/local/joe-lieberman-a-look-back-at-his-career/520-13fedea0-ad72-4b96-9583-28093dd636bc |url-status=live }}</ref> He received a Bachelor of Arts in both [[political science]] and economics from [[Yale University]] in 1964,<ref name="toi-obit">{{cite news |last1=Kampeas |first1=Ron |title=Joe Lieberman, centrist senator and first Jew on major US presidential ticket, dies at 82 |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/joe-lieberman-centrist-senator-and-first-jew-on-major-presidential-ticket-dies-at-82/ |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=The Times of Israel |date=March 28, 2024 |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329015748/https://www.timesofisrael.com/joe-lieberman-centrist-senator-and-first-jew-on-major-presidential-ticket-dies-at-82/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and was the first member of his family to attend college.<ref name="news8-obit">{{cite news |last1=Pierce |first1=Kent |title=Longtime friend, former law partner remembers Lieberman |url=https://www.wtnh.com/news/connecticut/long-time-friend-former-law-partner-remembers-joseph-lieberman/ |access-date=March 29, 2024 |publisher=WTNH |date=March 28, 2024 |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328234342/https://www.wtnh.com/news/connecticut/long-time-friend-former-law-partner-remembers-joseph-lieberman/ |url-status=live }}</ref> At Yale, he was editor of the ''[[Yale Daily News]]'' and a member of the [[Elihu (secret society)|Elihu Club]].<ref name="ctinsider-obit">{{cite news |work=CT Insider |publisher=Hearst |last1=Putterman |first1=Alex |title=The life of Joe Lieberman: A timeline |url=https://www.ctinsider.com/projects/2024/joe-lieberman-ct/ |access-date=March 29, 2024 |date=March 29, 2024}}</ref> While at Yale Lieberman was introduced to conservative thinker [[William F. Buckley Jr.]], who was also editor of the ''Yale Daily News''; Buckley and Lieberman maintained a social relationship.<ref name=":0"/> His roommate was [[Richard Sugarman]], who later went on to become a Professor of Philosophy and Religion at the [[University of Vermont]] and advisor to 2016 presidential candidate [[Bernie Sanders]].<ref name=sevendayswonderingjew>{{cite news|last1=Picard|first1=Ken|title=The Wondering Jew: For UVM prof Richard Sugarman, life's big questions are the sweetest pursuit|url=http://www.sevendaysvt.com/vermont/the-wondering-jew/Content?oid=2242436|access-date=January 18, 2016|work=[[Seven Days (newspaper)|Seven Days]]|date=December 12, 2012|quote=At Yale, Sugarman roomed with another future U.S. senator: Joe Lieberman, whose mother encouraged Sugarman's religious observances.|archive-date=January 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126224100/http://www.sevendaysvt.com/vermont/the-wondering-jew/Content?oid=2242436|url-status=live}}</ref> Lieberman later attended [[Yale Law School]], receiving his [[Bachelor of Laws]] in 1967.<ref name="wustl-lieberman-danforth">{{cite news |last1=Everding |first1=Gerry |title=Lieberman, Danforth to discuss role of religion in politics Dec. 9 – The Source – Washington University in St. Louis |url=https://source.wustl.edu/2014/12/lieberman-danforth-to-discuss-role-of-religion-in-politics-dec-9/ |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=The Source |publisher=Washington University in St. Louis |date=December 3, 2014 |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329155423/https://source.wustl.edu/2014/12/lieberman-danforth-to-discuss-role-of-religion-in-politics-dec-9/ |url-status=live }}</ref> After graduation from law school, Lieberman worked as a lawyer for the [[New Haven]]-based law firm Wiggin & Dana LLP.<ref name="aba-wiggin&dana">{{cite news |last1=Maniloff |first1=Randy |title=Joe Lieberman reflects on 50 years in law and politics, 'recounts' Bush v. Gore |url=https://www.abajournal.com/columns/article/joe-lieberman-reflects-on-50-years-in-law-and-politics-and-recounts-a-famous-supreme-court-case |access-date=March 28, 2024 |work=ABA Journal |publisher=American Bar Association |date=December 7, 2020 |language=en |archive-date=December 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221000652/https://www.abajournal.com/columns/article/joe-lieberman-reflects-on-50-years-in-law-and-politics-and-recounts-a-famous-supreme-court-case |url-status=live }}</ref>

Lieberman received an educational deferment from the [[Vietnam War]] [[conscription|draft]] when he was an undergraduate and law student from 1960 to 1967. Upon graduating from law school at age 25, Lieberman qualified for a family deferment because he was already married and had a child.<ref name="wrap-deferment">{{cite news |last1=Roe |first1=Mike |title=Joe Lieberman, Former US Senator and VP Candidate, Dies at 82 |url=https://www.thewrap.com/joe-lieberman-dies-obit/ |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=TheWrap |date=March 27, 2024 |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329155422/https://www.thewrap.com/joe-lieberman-dies-obit/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010424162510/http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/democracy/gore/stories/lieberman/ Lieberman: A history-making candidate.] CNN. Retrieved October 10, 2006.</ref>

==Early political career==
[[File:Reagan Contact Sheet C20739 (cropped2).jpg|thumb|left|Lieberman with President [[Ronald Reagan]] in 1984]]
[[File:Bush Contact Sheet P19345 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Lieberman with President [[George H. W. Bush]] in 1991]]

Lieberman was elected as a "reform Democrat" to the [[Connecticut Senate]] in 1970, where he served for 10 years, including the last six as Majority Leader.<ref name="nyt-obit">{{cite news |last1=McFadden |first1=Robert D. |title=Joseph I. Lieberman, Senator and Vice-Presidential Nominee, Dies at 82 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/27/us/politics/joseph-i-lieberman-dead.html |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=March 28, 2024 |archive-date=March 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327221249/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/27/us/politics/joseph-i-lieberman-dead.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He suffered his first defeat in Connecticut elections in the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] landslide year of 1980, losing the race for the third district congressional seat to Republican [[Lawrence Joseph DeNardis]],<ref name="nhi-obit">{{cite news |last1=Bass |first1=Paul |title=Ex-Sen. Joe Lieberman Dies |url=https://www.newhavenindependent.org/article/ex_sen_joe_lieberman_dies |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=New Haven Independent |date=March 27, 2024 |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329144424/https://www.newhavenindependent.org/article/ex_sen_joe_lieberman_dies |url-status=live }}</ref> a state senator from suburban [[Hamden, Connecticut|Hamden]]<ref name="hbj-denardis">{{cite news |last1=Bingham |first1=Michael C. |title=Remembrance: Lawrence J. DeNardis, 1938–2018 |url=https://www.hartfordbusiness.com/article/remembrance-lawrence-j-denardis-1938-2018 |access-date=March 30, 2024 |work=Hartford Business Journal |date=August 28, 2018 |archive-date=April 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401052446/https://www.hartfordbusiness.com/article/remembrance-lawrence-j-denardis-1938-2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> with whom he had worked closely on bipartisan legislative efforts.<ref name="wpost-denardis">{{cite news |last1=Walsh |first1=Edward |title=Centrist In Debt To JFK |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2003/06/15/centrist-in-debt-to-jfk/f78d8d41-72a2-430f-b2b4-3bf97c9bde1c/ |access-date=March 30, 2024 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=June 14, 2003}}</ref> In 1981 he wrote an admiring biography of long-time Connecticut and national Democratic leader [[John Moran Bailey]], reviewing also in the book the previous 50 years of Connecticut political history.<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DEED61538F933A15751C1A967948260 Review of ''THE LEGACY: Connecticut Politics 1930–1980''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329234406/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/20/nyregion/books-lieberman-profiles-john-bailey.html |date=March 29, 2024 }} Book by Joseph I. Lieberman. Introduction by Jack Zaiman. Cartoons by Ed Valtman. 215 pages. Spoonwood Press. Review in ''The New York Times'', December 20, 1981. Retrieved September 24, 2010.</ref> 

From 1983 to 1989, Lieberman served as [[Connecticut Attorney General]].<ref>The official web site of the Connecticut Attorney General's office is at http://www.ct.gov/ag/site/default.asp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830120134/http://www.ct.gov/ag/site/default.asp |date=August 30, 2008 }}.</ref> He argued one case before the United States Supreme Court, ''[[Estate of Thornton v. Caldor, Inc.]]'', a free exercise case involving Connecticut's repeal of its [[blue law]]s.<ref name=":0"/> In the 1986 general election, Lieberman won more votes than any other Democrat on the statewide ticket, including Governor [[William O'Neill (Connecticut politician)|William O'Neill]].<ref>Kornacki, Steve (January 19, 2011) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110120182508/http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/01/18/joe_lieberman_origins/index.html The making (and unmaking) of Joe Lieberman], ''[[Salon (website)|Salon]]''</ref> As Attorney General, Lieberman emphasized consumer protection and environmental enforcement.<ref name="cpr-remember">{{cite news |title='Connecticut was always in his heart': Former US Senator Joe Lieberman remembered in state he served |url=https://www.ctpublic.org/news/2024-03-28/joe-lieberman-death-connecticut-independent-obituary |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=Connecticut Public Radio |publisher=Connecticut Public |date=March 28, 2024 |language=en |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329234405/https://www.ctpublic.org/news/2024-03-28/joe-lieberman-death-connecticut-independent-obituary |url-status=live }}</ref>

==U.S. Senate==

===Tenure===
Lieberman was first elected to the [[United States Senate]] as a Democrat in the [[United States Senate election, 1988|1988 election]], defeating liberal Republican [[Lowell Weicker]] by a margin of 10,000 votes.<ref name="nyt-weicker-defeat">{{cite news |last1=Ravo |first1=Nick |title=The Elections: Connecticut; Weicker Concedes To Lieberman in Close Race |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/10/nyregion/the-elections-connecticut-weicker-concedes-to-lieberman-in-close-race.html |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=November 10, 1988 |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329154010/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/10/nyregion/the-elections-connecticut-weicker-concedes-to-lieberman-in-close-race.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He scored the nation's biggest political upset that year,<ref name="ncr-retirement">{{cite news |last1=Gallagher |first1=Tom |title=U.S. Sen. Joe Lieberman's farewell address |url=https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/us-sen-joe-liebermans-farewell-address |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=National Catholic Reporter |date=December 19, 2012 |language=en |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204112439/https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/us-sen-joe-liebermans-farewell-address |url-status=live }}</ref> after being backed by a coalition of Democrats and unaffiliated voters with support from conservative [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]], most notably including ''[[National Review]]'' founder and ''[[Firing Line (TV series)|Firing Line]]'' host [[William F. Buckley Jr.]] and his brother, former New York Senator [[James L. Buckley]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/16/nyregion/buckleys-are-backing-a-democrat.html|title=Buckleys Are Backing A Democrat?|date=August 16, 1988|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=February 9, 2017|archive-date=April 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417005235/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/16/nyregion/buckleys-are-backing-a-democrat.html|url-status=live}}</ref> who were disappointed in three-term Republican incumbent Weicker's liberal voting record and personal style. During the campaign, he received support from Connecticut's [[Cuban Americans|Cuban American]] community, which was unhappy with Weicker. Thereafter, Lieberman remained firmly anti-Castro.<ref name=Toobin>Toobin, Jeffrey. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060319050852/http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/021216fa_fact Joe Lieberman looks hopefully toward the White House.] ''[[The New Yorker]]'' December 16, 2002.</ref>

Shortly after his first election to the Senate, Lieberman was approached by incoming [[Majority Leader]] [[George J. Mitchell|George Mitchell]] who advised him, "Pick out two or three areas that you're really interested in and learn them so that your colleagues know what you're talking about&nbsp;... You're going to have more influence even as a freshman than you think because you know there's hundreds of issues and inevitably we rely on each other."<ref name="conversationswithbillkristol.org">{{cite web|url=http://conversationswithbillkristol.org/video/joe-lieberman/|title=Joe Lieberman on Conversations with Bill Kristol|access-date=March 28, 2016|archive-date=March 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324153806/http://conversationswithbillkristol.org/video/joe-lieberman/|url-status=live}}</ref> Recalling the conversation, Lieberman said "that was true when I first came in, although you could see partisanship beginning to eat away at that. But at the end of my 24 years, it was really so partisan that it was hard to make the combinations to get to 60 votes to break a filibuster to get things done."<ref name="conversationswithbillkristol.org"/>

Lieberman's [[1993–94 United States Senate hearings on video games|initiatives against violence in video games]] are considered the chief impetus behind the establishment of an industry-wide [[video game rating system]] during the early 1990s.<ref>{{cite journal|title=75 Power Players: The Watcher|journal=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]]|issue=11|publisher=[[Imagine Media]]|date=November 1995|page=67}}</ref>

[[File:Bill Clinton and officials on Air Force One.jpg|thumb|300px|Lieberman (second from the left) and Senate colleagues with President [[Bill Clinton]] and his national security team on [[Air Force One]] to [[Bosnia]] in 1997]]

In 1994, Lieberman made history by winning by the largest landslide ever in a Connecticut Senate race, drawing 67 percent of the vote and beating his opponent by more than 350,000 votes.<ref name="nyt-obit" />  Lieberman then served as chair of the [[Democratic Leadership Council]] from 1995 to 2001.<ref name="dlc-lieberman">{{cite news |last1=Sullivan |first1=Michael Gene |title=Democratic Leadership Council Concerned as Democrats Seem Headed Toward Victory |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/democratic-leadership-cou_b_91340 |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=HuffPost |publisher=BuzzFeed |date=March 13, 2008 |language=en |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329155947/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/democratic-leadership-cou_b_91340 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1998, Lieberman was the first prominent Democrat to publicly challenge Clinton for the judgment exercised in his [[Lewinsky scandal|affair]] with [[Monica Lewinsky]];<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030920201157/http://www.australianpolitics.com/usa/clinton/impeachment/lieberman.shtml Senator Joe Lieberman Attacks Clinton.] AustralianPolitics.com September 3, 1998. Retrieved October 10, 2006.</ref> however, he voted against removing Clinton from office by [[impeachment]].<ref name="fox61-obit">{{cite news |last1=Stewart |first1=Doug |title=Joe Lieberman dies at age 82, his family says |url=https://www.fox61.com/article/news/local/joe-lieberman-a-look-back-at-his-career/520-13fedea0-ad72-4b96-9583-28093dd636bc |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=FOX61 |publisher=WTIC-TV |date=March 27, 2024 |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329234405/https://www.fox61.com/article/news/local/joe-lieberman-a-look-back-at-his-career/520-13fedea0-ad72-4b96-9583-28093dd636bc |url-status=live }}</ref> Of his criticism of [[Bill Clinton]], Lieberman said in 2014:

<blockquote>It was a very hard thing for me to do because I liked him but I really felt what he did was awful and that unless I felt myself if I didn't say something, I'd be a [[hypocrite]]. I also felt that if somebody who was supportive of him didn't say something, it would not be good. And so it got a lot of attention. I got a call from [[Erskine Bowles]] who was [[White House Chief of Staff|Chief of Staff]] about three or four days later saying that he was going to express an opinion which wasn't universally held at the [[White House]]&nbsp;– he thought I helped the president by bursting the boil, that was the metaphor he used. The following Sunday morning, I'm at home and the phone rings, it's the White House. And it's now about a week and a couple of days since I made the speech. The president says, it was the president, "I just want you to know that there's nothing you said in that speech that I don't agree with. And I want you to know that I'm working on it." And we talked for about forty-five minutes. It was amazing.<ref name="conversationswithbillkristol.org"/></blockquote>

In 2000, Lieberman was [[2000 United States Senate election in Connecticut|elected]] to a third Senate term, defeating the Republican candidate, [[Philip Giordano]].<ref name="cnn-2000-senate">{{cite news |title=Lieberman wins Senate race |url=https://www.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/11/07/senate.connecticut/ |access-date=March 29, 2024 |publisher=CNN |date=November 8, 2000 |archive-date=September 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906081809/http://www.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/11/07/senate.connecticut/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Vice presidential campaign ===
Lieberman's 2000 Senate campaign was concurrent with [[2000 United States presidential election|that year's presidential election]]. In August 2000, Vice President Al Gore announced that he had selected Lieberman as his vice presidential running mate. Lieberman became the first practicing [[Jewish|Jew]] to run for the nation's second-highest office.<ref name=liebermanobs>{{cite news|url=http://www.observer.com/node/43265|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207212923/http://www.observer.com/node/43265|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 7, 2008 |title=Joe Lieberman |access-date=July 15, 2008 |date=August 13, 2000 |newspaper= [[The New York Observer]]}}</ref> Lieberman was selected from a group of potential running mates that reportedly included Senators [[John Kerry]] and [[John Edwards]], the team that would form the Democratic presidential ticket [[2004 United States presidential election|four years later]].<ref name=group>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/09/us/the-2000-campaign-the-selection-in-selecting-a-no-2-no-detail-too-small.html?pagewanted=print |title=The 2000 Campaign: The Selection; In Selecting a No. 2, No Detail Too Small |access-date=July 3, 2008 |date=August 9, 2000 |work=[[The New York Times]] |first1=David |last1=Barstow |first2=Katharine Q. |last2=Seelye |archive-date=July 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728221342/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/09/us/the-2000-campaign-the-selection-in-selecting-a-no-2-no-detail-too-small.html?pagewanted=print |url-status=live }}</ref>

Lieberman had a reputation of being a more ideologically conservative Democrat than Gore.<ref name="sentinel-lieberman-vp">{{cite news |last1=Griffin |first1=Michael |title=GORE TAPS LIEBERMAN FOR TICKET |url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2000/08/08/gore-taps-lieberman-for-ticket/ |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=Orlando Sentinel |date=August 8, 2000 |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329150145/https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2000/08/08/gore-taps-lieberman-for-ticket/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Because of Lieberman's criticism of Clinton's personal behavior, some viewed Gore's choice of Lieberman as a way to distance himself from the scandals of the Clinton White House.<ref name=chooses>{{cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/09/us/2000-campaign-vice-president-gore-lieberman-make-tolerance-centerpiece.html?pagewanted=print|title= The 2000 Campaign: The Vice President; Gore and Lieberman Make Tolerance the Centerpiece|access-date= July 3, 2008|last= Sack|first= Kevin|date= August 9, 2000|newspaper= [[The New York Times]]|archive-date= July 28, 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230728221341/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/09/us/2000-campaign-vice-president-gore-lieberman-make-tolerance-centerpiece.html?pagewanted=print|url-status= live}}</ref> The Gore–Lieberman ticket was defeated in a hard-fought election that was contested for weeks after the vote. On December 12, a [[U.S. Supreme Court]] ruling brought the race to an official end, [[Bush v. Gore|confirming the decision]] in the favor of the [[George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign|Bush-Cheney]] ticket.<ref name="nyt-obit" />

===2006 Senate election===

====Primary====
{{Main|2006 United States Senate election in Connecticut#Democratic primary}}
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0"
|+Democratic Primary Results
!Candidate
!Votes<ref>[http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/files/elections/2006/by_state/CT_Page_0808.html?SITE=CTHARELN&SECTION=POLITICS Election results.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325075023/http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/files/elections/2006/by_state/CT_Page_0808.html?SITE=CTHARELN&SECTION=POLITICS |date=March 25, 2013 }} ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' August 10, 2006.</ref>
!Percentage
|-
|[[Ned Lamont]]
|146,587
|52%
|-
|Joe Lieberman
|136,468
|48%
|}

Lieberman sought the Democratic Party's renomination for U.S. Senate from Connecticut in 2006 but lost to the comparatively more liberal<ref name="crimson-lamont">{{cite news |last1=Gray |first1=Katherine M. |title=Lamont Edges Lieberman in CT |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2006/8/11/lamont-edges-lieberman-in-ct-in/ |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=The Harvard Crimson |date=August 11, 2006 |archive-date=June 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150603100301/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2006/8/11/lamont-edges-lieberman-in-ct-in/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Ned Lamont]], a [[Greenwich, Connecticut|Greenwich]] businessman<ref name="ctpost-lamont-early">{{cite news |last1=Krasselt |first1=Kaitlyn |title=A look at Lamont's early political career in Greenwich |url=https://www.ctpost.com/politics/article/A-look-at-Lamont-s-early-political-career-in-13285736.php |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=Connecticut Post |publisher=Hearst Media Services Connecticut |date=October 7, 2018 |language=en |archive-date=July 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730113952/https://www.ctpost.com/politics/article/A-look-at-Lamont-s-early-political-career-in-13285736.php |url-status=live }}</ref> and antiwar candidate.<ref name="nbc-lamont-antiwar">{{cite news |title=Lieberman concedes; Lamont wins primary |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna14228351 |access-date=March 29, 2024 |publisher=NBC News |agency=Associated Press |date=August 7, 2006 |language=en |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329153929/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna14228351 |url-status=live }}</ref> Lamont received 33 percent of the delegates' votes at the Connecticut Democratic Convention in May, forcing an August primary.<ref name="nymag-lieberman2006">{{cite news |last1=Gordon |first1=Meryl |title=Hawkish Democrat Joe Lieberman's Epic Battle With His Own Party – New York Magazine – Nymag |url=https://nymag.com/news/politics/18473/ |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]  |date=July 21, 2006 |language=en |archive-date=October 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001170947/https://nymag.com/news/politics/18473/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In July, Lieberman announced that he would file papers to appear on the November ballot should he lose the primary, saying, "I'm a loyal Democrat, but I have loyalties that are greater than those to my party, and that's my loyalty to my state and my country."<ref>Klein, Rick. [https://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2006/07/04/lieberman_crafts_backup_plan/ Lieberman crafts backup plan: Says he'll run even if he loses primary.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304211954/http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2006/07/04/lieberman_crafts_backup_plan/ |date=March 4, 2016 }} ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' July 4, 2006.</ref> He said he would continue to sit as a Democrat in the Senate even if he was defeated in the primary and elected on an unaffiliated line, and expressed concern for a potentially low turnout.<ref>Murray, Shailagh. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/03/AR2006070300873.html Lieberman May Run as Independent.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205053139/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/03/AR2006070300873.html |date=December 5, 2023 }} ''[[The Washington Post]]'' July 4, 2006.</ref> On July 10, the Lieberman campaign officially filed paperwork allowing him to collect signatures for the newly formed [[Connecticut for Lieberman]] party ballot line.<ref>Haigh, Susan. [https://www.boston.com/news/local/connecticut/articles/2006/07/10/lieberman_campaign_files_forms_to_run_as_petitioning_candidate/ Lieberman campaign files forms to run as petitioning candidate.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070319/http://www.boston.com/news/local/connecticut/articles/2006/07/10/lieberman_campaign_files_forms_to_run_as_petitioning_candidate/ |date=March 4, 2016 }} ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' July 10, 2006.</ref>

On August 8, 2006, Lieberman conceded the [[Democratic party (United States)|Democratic]] primary election to Ned Lamont, saying, "For the sake of our state, our country and my party, I cannot and will not let that result stand,"<ref name="cnn-lieberman-transcript">{{cite news |title=Interview with Senator Joe Lieberman; WTC Movie Opens |url=http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0608/09/ltm.01.html |access-date=March 29, 2024 |publisher=CNN |date=August 9, 2006 |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329152427/http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0608/09/ltm.01.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and announced he would run in the [[United States Senate election in Connecticut, 2006|2006 November election]] as an independent candidate on the [[Connecticut for Lieberman]] ticket, against both Lamont and the Republican candidate, [[Alan Schlesinger]].<ref>Barry, Ellen. [https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/1091360661.html?dids=1091360661:1091360661&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+9%2C+2006&author=Ellen+Barry&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Lieberman+Is+Defeated+in+Primary Lieberman Is Defeated in Primary.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618094137/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/1091360661.html?dids=1091360661:1091360661&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+9%2C+2006&author=Ellen+Barry&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Lieberman+Is+Defeated+in+Primary |date=June 18, 2013}} ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' August 9, 2006. p. A1.</ref>

====General election====
{{Main|2006 United States Senate election in Connecticut}}
[[File:Joe Lieberman July 2006.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Lieberman during his re-election campaign on an independent ticket]]

Polls after the primary showed Lieberman leading by varying margins.<ref>{{cite web |title=Connecticut Races – Sabato's Crystal Ball |url=https://centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/2006/senate/ct/ |website=centerforpolitics.org |access-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222222832/https://centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/2006/senate/ct/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Alan Schlesinger]] barely registered support,<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Skoland |first=Espen |date=June 1, 2007 |title=Does blogging win votes? |type=Masters of Arts |publisher=Griffith University |pages=41–42 |citeseerx=10.1.1.466.1822}}</ref> and his campaign had run into problems based on alleged gambling debts. According to columnist [[Steve Kornacki]], Lieberman was therefore "able to run in the general election as the de facto Republican candidate&nbsp;– every major Republican office-holder in the state endorsed him&nbsp;– and to supplement that GOP base with strong support from independents."<ref>Kornacki, Steve (January 24, 2011) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110127021513/http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/01/24/lieberman_hutchison_retire/index.html The most cowardly act of a retiring politician], ''[[Salon (website)|Salon]]''</ref>

On August 9, 2006, [[Hillary Clinton]], the junior [[List of United States senators from New York|U.S. senator from New York]], affirmed her pledge to support the primary winner, saying "voters of Connecticut have made their decision and I think that decision should be respected",<ref>Fouhy, Beth. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/10/AR2006081001659.html Clinton Reiterates Pledge to Back Lamont.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914022359/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/10/AR2006081001659.html |date=September 14, 2018 }} ''[[The Washington Post]]'' August 10, 2006.</ref> and [[Howard Dean]] called for Lieberman to quit the race, saying he was being "disrespectful of Democrats and disrespectful of the Democratic Party".<ref>Nagourney, Adam.[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/09/washington/09cnd-senate.html?_r=1&hp&ex=1155182400&en=386129a0dcd5f147&ei=5094&partner=homepage&oref=login PRIMARY IN CONNECTICUT: NEWS ANALYSIS; A Referendum On Iraq Policy.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523091803/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/09/washington/09cnd-senate.html?_r=1&hp&ex=1155182400&en=386129a0dcd5f147&ei=5094&partner=homepage&oref=login |date=May 23, 2018 }} ''[[The New York Times]]'' August 9, 2006.</ref> On August 10, in his first campaign appearance since losing the Democratic primary, referencing the [[2006 transatlantic aircraft plot]], Lieberman criticized Lamont, saying: "If we just pick up like Ned Lamont wants us to do, get out [of Iraq] by a date certain, it will be taken as a tremendous victory by the same people who wanted to blow up these planes in this plot hatched in England. It will strengthen them and they will strike again."<ref name="Offensive">Healy, Patrick and Medina, Jennifer. [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/11/nyregion/11conn.html?ex=1155441600&en=c8a5d8aa54c3a879&ei=5087%0A Lieberman Goes on the Offensive, Linking the Terror Threat to Iraq.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102124026/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/11/nyregion/11conn.html?ex=1155441600&en=c8a5d8aa54c3a879&ei=5087%0A |date=January 2, 2016 }} ''[[The New York Times]]'' August 11, 2006.</ref> Lamont noted Lieberman's position was similar to [[George W. Bush]] and [[Dick Cheney]]'s position. Lamont said, "That comment sounds an awful lot like Vice President Cheney's comment on Wednesday. Both of them believe our invasion of Iraq has a lot to do with 9/11. That's a false premise."<ref name="Offensive" /> Lieberman's communications director replied that Lamont was politicizing national security by "portraying [Lieberman] as a soul mate of President Bush on Iraq".<ref name="Offensive" />

As a Democrat, Lieberman earned an inordinate amount of support from some prominent conservatives in American politics. On August 17, 2006, the [[National Republican Senatorial Committee]] stated that they would favor a Lieberman victory in the November election over Democratic nominee Ned Lamont; however, the NRSC stated that they were not going so far as to actually support Lieberman.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060916143703/http://thepoliticker.observer.com/2006/08/nrsc-takes-lieberman.html NRSC Takes Lieberman.]. Retrieved October 10, 2006.</ref> Former New York mayor [[Rudy Giuliani]] praised Lieberman at a [[South Carolina]] campaign stop on August 18, saying he was "a really exceptional senator".<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/14301381 First Read.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306041301/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/14301381/ |date=March 6, 2016 }} NBC News. August 17, 2006.</ref> Five Democratic senators maintained their support for Lieberman, and Lieberman also received the strong support of former senator and Democratic stalwart [[Bob Kerrey]], who offered to stump for him.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060813121543/http://thepoliticker.observer.com/2006/08/kerrey-for-lieberman.html Kerrey for Lieberman.]. Retrieved October 10, 2006.</ref> Democratic minority leader Harry Reid, while endorsing Lamont, promised Lieberman that he would retain his committee positions and seniority if he prevailed in the general election. On August 28, Lieberman campaigned at the same motorcycle rally as Republican Congressman [[Christopher Shays]].<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/09/nyregion/09independent.html?pagewanted=print&_r=0 As Outsider, Lieberman Walks a Tricky Path] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016123400/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/09/nyregion/09independent.html?pagewanted=print&_r=0 |date=October 16, 2015 }} New York Times September 9, 2006</ref> Shays told a crowd of motorcycle enthusiasts, "We have a national treasure in Joe Lieberman." [[Mel Sembler]], a former [[Republican National Committee]] finance chairman, helped organize a reception that raised a "couple hundred thousand dollars" for Lieberman, who was personally in attendance. Sembler is a prominent Republican who chaired [[I. Lewis Libby|I.&nbsp;Lewis 'Scooter' Libby]]'s legal defense fund.<ref>''[[Associated Press]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070312050202/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/09/21/america/NA_POL_US_Connecticut_Senate.php Top Republican co-hosted fundraiser for Lieberman.] ''[[International Herald Tribune]]''. September 21, 2006.</ref> New York Mayor [[Michael Bloomberg]] held a fundraiser for Lieberman at his home in November, co-hosted by former mayor [[Ed Koch]] and former Senator [[Alfonse M. D'Amato]].<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE6DF1031F93BA2575AC0A9609C8B63 In Connecticut Iraq Debate, Vague Policy Prescriptions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304040236/https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE6DF1031F93BA2575AC0A9609C8B63 |date=March 4, 2017 }} Medina, Jennifer. ''New York Times''. September 18, 2006. p. B3.</ref> Koch called Lieberman "one of the greatest Senators we've ever had in the Senate."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070713141434/http://www.ny1.com/ny1/content/index.jsp?stid=3&aid=63159 Lieberman Stumps In New York, With Koch By His Side.] NY1 News, October 3, 2006.</ref>

Despite still considering himself a Democrat, Lieberman was endorsed by numerous Republicans who actively spoke out in favor of his candidacy. Lieberman was also the focus of websites such as ConservativesforLieberman06.com.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://therightperspectivepodcastblog.blogspot.com/2006/11/liebermans-victory-analysis.html |title=The Right Perspective Podcast Blog |access-date=February 6, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526001131/http://therightperspectivepodcastblog.blogspot.com/2006/11/liebermans-victory-analysis.html |archive-date=May 26, 2008}} The Right Perspective Podcast Blog, November 11, 2006.</ref> On November 7, Lieberman won re-election with 50% of the vote. [[Ned Lamont]] garnered 40% of ballots cast and [[Alan Schlesinger]] won 10%.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2006/pages/results/states/CT/S/01/index.html Joe Lieberman wins CT Senate race.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213023444/http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2006/pages/results/states/CT/S/01/index.html |date=December 13, 2020 }}. Retrieved November 7, 2006.</ref> Lieberman received support from 33% of Democrats, 54% of independents and 70% of Republicans.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2006/pages/results/states/CT/S/01/epolls.0.html | publisher=[[CNN]] | title=CNN.com&nbsp;– Elections 2006 | access-date=May 6, 2010 | archive-date=January 29, 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100129064315/http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2006/pages/results/states/CT/S/01/epolls.0.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

===Creation of Department of Homeland Security (DHS)===
[[File:U.S. Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee Chairman Joe Lieberman and Ranking Member Susan Collins address bipartisan suggestion on countermeasures toward domestic terrorism.jpg|thumb|[[Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee]] Chairman Lieberman and Ranking Member [[Susan Collins]] address bipartisan suggestion on countermeasures toward [[Jihadist extremism in the United States|Islamist extremism]] and [[Domestic terrorism in the United States|domestic terrorism in U.S.]]]]

When control of the Senate switched from Republicans to Democrats in June 2001, Lieberman became Chairman of the [[United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs|Governmental Affairs Committee]], with oversight responsibilities for a broad range of government activities. He was also a member of the [[United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works|Environment and Public Works Committee]] and chair of its [[United States Senate Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Clean Air and Nuclear Safety|Subcommittee Clean Air, Wetlands and Private Property]]; the [[United States Senate Committee on Armed Services|Armed Services Committee]], where he chaired the [[United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Airland|Airland Subcommittee]] and sat on the [[United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities|Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities]]; and the [[United States Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship|Small Business Committee]]. When Republicans gained control of the Senate in January 2003, Lieberman resumed his role as ranking minority member of the committees he had once chaired.<ref>[http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20040401000639/http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_congressional_directory&docid=cdir108_txt-62.pdf Standing Committees of the Senate 108th Congress]. Retrieved September 10, 2006.</ref>

Lieberman was an early supporter of the creation of the [[Department of Homeland Security]] as the chairman of the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee,<ref name="cap-dhs">{{cite web |last1=Rudman |first1=Mara |last2=deLeon |first2=Rudy |last3=Martinez |first3=Joel |title=Redefining Homeland Security: A New Framework for DHS To Meet Today's Challenges |url=https://www.americanprogress.org/article/redefining-homeland-security-new-framework-dhs-meet-todays-challenges/ |website=Center for American Progress |access-date=March 28, 2024 |archive-date=December 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203065226/https://www.americanprogress.org/article/redefining-homeland-security-new-framework-dhs-meet-todays-challenges/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="politico-obit">{{cite news |last1=Cohen |first1=David |title=Joe Lieberman, 2000 vice presidential nominee, dies at 82 |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/03/27/joe-lieberman-2000-vice-presidential-nominee-obit-033980 |access-date=March 28, 2024 |work=Politico |date=March 27, 2024 |archive-date=March 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327222057/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/03/27/joe-lieberman-2000-vice-presidential-nominee-obit-033980 |url-status=live }}</ref> proposing organizing [[FEMA]], the [[U.S. Customs Service]], the [[U.S. Border Patrol]], the [[U.S. Coast Guard]], and other agencies under the new department.<ref name="bu-plan">{{cite news |last1=Finn |first1=Mindy |title=Lieberman Announces Plan for Homeland Security |url=https://www.bu.edu/washington/2001/10/11/lieberman-announces-plan-for-homeland-security/ |access-date=March 28, 2024 |work=Study Abroad: Washington |publisher=Boston University |date=October 11, 2001 |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328023954/https://www.bu.edu/washington/2001/10/11/lieberman-announces-plan-for-homeland-security/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This proposal was eventually implemented in the [[Homeland Security Act of 2002]].<ref name="wp-dhs-start">{{cite news |last1=Glasser |first1=Susan B. |last2=Grunwald |first2=Michael |title=Department's Mission Was Undermined From Start |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/21/AR2005122102327_pf.html |access-date=March 28, 2024 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=December 22, 2005 |archive-date=March 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314172046/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/21/AR2005122102327_pf.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="lieberman.senate.gov">{{cite web |url=http://lieberman.senate.gov/index.cfm/issues-legislation/homeland-security-and-governmental-affairs |title=Senator Joseph Lieberman (<span class="ltr">CT</span>) – Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs |access-date=May 24, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524162511/http://lieberman.senate.gov/index.cfm/issues-legislation/homeland-security-and-governmental-affairs |archive-date=May 24, 2012}}</ref>

In 2006, Senators Lieberman and [[Susan Collins|Collins]] drafted legislation to reshape the [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] into an agency that would more effectively prepare for and respond to catastrophes, including natural disasters and terrorist attacks. The legislation elevated FEMA to special status within the Department of Homeland Security, much like the [[United States Coast Guard|Coast Guard]] and designated FEMA's head to be the president's point person during an emergency. The bill also called for the reunification of FEMA's preparedness and response functions, giving it responsibility for all phases of emergency management. In addition, the measure strengthened FEMA's regional offices, creating dedicated interagency "strike teams" to provide the initial federal response to a disaster in the region. The legislation passed Congress in September 2006.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/12/washington/senate-votes-to-replace-fema-with-a-new-federal-agency.html |title=Senate votes to replace FEMA with a new federal agency |author=Eric Lipton |work=The New York Times |access-date=March 27, 2024 |date=July 12, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329234405/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/12/washington/senate-votes-to-replace-fema-with-a-new-federal-agency.html }}</ref>

As the 2007 hurricane season approached, Lieberman held an oversight hearing on implementation of the FEMA reforms on May 22, 2007. He urged FEMA to implement the reforms at a quicker pace.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/media/dems/lieberman-collins-seek-assurance-on-femas-hurricane-preparedness/ |title=Lieberman, Collins seek assurance on FEMA's hurricane preparedness |access-date=March 27, 2024 |archive-date=December 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204222525/https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/media/dems/lieberman-collins-seek-assurance-on-femas-hurricane-preparedness/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Lieberman was involved in congressional oversight of the response to the [[H1N1 influenza]] (swine flu) pandemic and held four hearings on the subject in 2009, including one in Connecticut. At the hearings, he pressed the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services]] to distribute [[vaccine]]s and antiviral medications at a quicker pace and to streamline the process.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2009-10-21/swine-flu-care-may-swamp-health-system-senator-says?embedded-checkout=true |title=Swine Flu Care May Swamp Health System, Senator Says |author=Pat Wechsler |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |access-date=March 27, 2024 |date=October 21, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329234406/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2009-10-21/swine-flu-care-may-swamp-health-system-senator-says?embedded-checkout=true }}</ref>

In the 110th Congress, Lieberman was Chairman of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, which is responsible for assuring the Federal Government's efficiency and effectiveness. He was also a member of the Environment and Public Works Committee; Senate Armed Services Committee, where he was Chairman of the Subcommittee on Air Land Forces and sat on the Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities; and the Small Business Committee.<ref name="lieberman.senate.gov"/>

===Fundraising===
From 1989 onwards, Lieberman received more than $31.4&nbsp;million in campaign donations from specific industries and sectors. His largest donors represented the securities and investment ($3.7&nbsp;million), legal ($3.6&nbsp;million), real estate ($3.1&nbsp;million), and health professional ($1.1&nbsp;million) industries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/industries.php?cycle=Career&cid=N00000616&type=I |title=Joe Lieberman<!--profile--> |publisher=[[OpenSecrets]] |access-date=March 28, 2024 |archive-date=June 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608230159/http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/industries.php?cycle=Career&cid=N00000616&type=I |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Committee assignments===
[[File:Defense.gov photo essay 100617-N-0696M-128.jpg|thumb|Senators Lieberman and [[John McCain]] talk with Navy Adm. [[Mike Mullen]], [[chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] before a [[Senate Armed Services Committee]] hearing, 2010.]]
* '''[[United States Senate Committee on Armed Services|Committee on Armed Services]]'''<ref name="nyt-armed-services-committee">{{cite news |last1=Wayne |first1=Leslie |last2=Natta, Jr. |first2=Don van |title=THE 2000 CAMPAIGN: THE DEMOCRATIC RUNNING MATE; As a Senator, Lieberman Is Proudly Pro-Business |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/27/us/2000-campaign-democratic-running-mate-senator-lieberman-proudly-pro-business.html |access-date=March 28, 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=August 27, 2000 |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328025027/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/27/us/2000-campaign-democratic-running-mate-senator-lieberman-proudly-pro-business.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Airland|Subcommittee on Airland]] (Chairman)<ref name="manchin-lieberman-airland">{{cite news |title=Manchin Named Chairman of Armed Services Subcommittee {{!}} U.S. Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia |url=https://www.manchin.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/manchin-named-chairman-of-armed-services-subcommittee |access-date=March 28, 2024 |work=Newsroom Press Releases |publisher=Senator Joe Manchin |date=February 28, 2013 |language=en |archive-date=December 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202184922/https://www.manchin.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/manchin-named-chairman-of-armed-services-subcommittee |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Personnel|Subcommittee on Personnel]]<ref name="auto1">{{cite report |title=Joseph I. Lieberman – U.S. SENATOR FROM CONNECTICUT |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDOC-113sdoc11/pdf/CDOC-113sdoc11.pdf |publisher=[[U.S. Government Printing Office]] |page=vi |access-date=March 29, 2024 |quote="sat on the Personnel and Seapower Subcommittee" |archive-date=November 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125044925/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDOC-113sdoc11/pdf/CDOC-113sdoc11.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on SeaPower|Subcommittee on SeaPower]]<ref name="auto1"/>
* '''[[United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs|Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs]]''' (Chairman)<ref name="politico-chairman-lose">{{cite news |last1=Thrush |first1=Glenn |title=Lieberman could lose chairmanship |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/09/lieberman-could-lose-chairmanship-013274 |access-date=March 28, 2024 |work=Politico |date=September 9, 2008 |archive-date=November 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120103456/https://www.politico.com/story/2008/09/lieberman-could-lose-chairmanship-013274 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="cnn-chairman-lose">{{cite news |last1=Barrett |first1=Ted |last2=Bolduan |first2=Kate |title=Lieberman could lose chairmanship, Democrats warn |url=https://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/09/03/lieberman.chairmanship/index.html |access-date=March 28, 2024 |publisher=CNN |date=September 3, 2008 |archive-date=February 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206193557/http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/09/03/lieberman.chairmanship/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''[[United States Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship|Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship]]'''<ref name="ucsc-testify-sbec">{{cite news |last1=Lasnier |first1=Guy |title=UCSC economist Rob Fairlie tells U.S. Senate lack of access to capital hampers minority-owned businesses |url=https://news.ucsc.edu/2010/04/3693.html |access-date=March 28, 2024 |work=UC Santa Cruz News |publisher=Regents of the University of California |date=April 15, 2010 |language=en |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328025536/https://news.ucsc.edu/2010/04/3693.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''[[United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works|Committee on Environment and Public Works]]
** [[United States Senate Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Private Sector and Consumer Solutions to Global Warming and Wildlife Protection|Subcommittee on Private Sector and Consumer Solutions to Global Warming]] (Chairman)<ref name="csrwire-enviro-committee">{{cite news |title=Senator Joseph Lieberman To Inaugurate World Environment Center's Washington Sustainability Forum |url=https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/21821-senator-joseph-lieberman-to-inaugurate-world-environment-center-s-washington-sustainability-forum |access-date=March 28, 2024 |work=CSRWire |date=September 25, 2007 |language=en |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329234910/https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/21821-senator-joseph-lieberman-to-inaugurate-world-environment-center-s-washington-sustainability-forum |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Caucus memberships===
* Senate Caucus on Global Internet Freedom<ref name="reuters-internet-freedom-caucus">{{cite news |title=Senators form Internet freedom caucus |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE62L4EO/ |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=Reuters  |date=March 22, 2010}}</ref>
* Congressional Fire Services Caucus (Co-Chair)<ref name="firehouse-fire-caucus-cc">{{cite news |title=Lieberman to Co-Chair Congressional Fire Caucus |url=https://www.firehouse.com/leadership/news/10464669/lieberman-to-co-chair-congressional-fire-caucus |access-date=March 28, 2024 |work=Firehouse |publisher=Endeavor Business Media |date=December 17, 2010 |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328143823/https://www.firehouse.com/leadership/news/10464669/lieberman-to-co-chair-congressional-fire-caucus |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Congressional Public Service Caucus (Co-Chair)<ref name="wpost-cpsc">{{cite news |last1=Barr |first1=Stephen |title=House Members Petition Bush to Endorse Pay Parity |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2004/01/22/house-members-petition-bush-to-endorse-pay-parity/19d54182-dd02-4363-be7e-2cdb4d2cc2a2/ |access-date=March 30, 2024 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=January 22, 2004}}</ref>
* [[United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus|International Conservation Caucus]]<ref name="twc-ansel-adams-award">{{cite web |title=Ansel Adams Award |url=https://www.wilderness.org/ansel-adams-award |website=The Wilderness Society |access-date=March 30, 2024 |language=en |archive-date=September 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922105638/https://www.wilderness.org/ansel-adams-award |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Presidential election involvement==

===2000===
{{Main|2000 United States presidential election}}
[[File:20.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000 (21746677994).jpg|thumb|Supporters for the Gore–Lieberman ticket]]

In August 2000, Lieberman was selected as the nominee for Vice President of the United States by [[Al Gore]], the Democratic Party nominee for president.<ref name=seelye>{{cite news|last1=Seelye|first1=Katharine Q.|title=The 2000 Campaign: The Vice President; Lieberman Will Run With Gore; First Jew On A Major U.S. Ticket|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/08/us/2000-campaign-vice-president-lieberman-will-run-with-gore-first-jew-major-us.html|access-date=June 4, 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=August 8, 2000|archive-date=June 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606230227/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/08/us/2000-campaign-vice-president-lieberman-will-run-with-gore-first-jew-major-us.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Among the last round candidates were U.S. senators [[Bob Graham]], [[John Kerry]] and [[John Edwards]]. The nomination committee was headed by [[Warren Christopher]].<ref name="shortlist">{{cite news|last1=Halperin|first1=Mark|title=Gore Down To Short List|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=123200|access-date=June 4, 2014|work=[[ABC News]]|date=August 3, 2000|last2=Yang|first2=Carter M.|archive-date=June 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606232119/http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=123200|url-status=live}}</ref> Lieberman was the first Jewish candidate on a major political party ticket.<ref name=seelye /> Of the vetting process, Lieberman related a conversation in which Christopher told him the background checks would be "like a medical procedure without an anesthesia."<ref name="conversationswithbillkristol.org"/>

The Gore/Lieberman ticket won a [[Plurality (voting)|plurality]] of the [[Direct election|popular vote]], with over half a million more votes than the Republican ticket of [[George W. Bush]] and [[Dick Cheney]], but they were defeated in the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]] by a vote of 271 to 266 after an intense legal battle concerning the outcome in disputed counties (see ''[[Bush v. Gore]]'').<ref name="ap-popv-lost">{{cite news |last1=Schwartz |first1=Jerry |title=EXPLAINER: They lost the popular vote but won the elections |url=https://apnews.com/article/ap-explains-elections-popular-vote-743f5cb6c70fce9489c9926a907855eb |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=AP News |agency=Associated Press |date=October 31, 2020 |language=en |archive-date=March 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307040341/https://apnews.com/article/ap-explains-elections-popular-vote-743f5cb6c70fce9489c9926a907855eb |url-status=live }}</ref> The US Supreme Court ruled that the Florida Supreme Court's ordered recount was unconstitutional and said that it defers to what it believes is the Florida Supreme Court's judgment that December 12 is the deadline for all recounts—thus preventing a new recount from being ordered.<ref name="ncc-bush-v.-gore">{{cite web |title=On this day, Bush v. Gore settles 2000 presidential race |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/on-this-day-bush-v-gore-anniversary |website=National Constitution Center |access-date=March 29, 2024 |language=en |archive-date=March 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315152700/https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/on-this-day-bush-v-gore-anniversary |url-status=live }}</ref>

He decided to [[2000 United States Senate election in Connecticut|run for re-election]] to maintain his Senate seat, as vice-presidential candidates [[2008 United States Senate election in Delaware|Joe Biden]] and [[Paul Ryan]] did for their senatorial and congressional seats respectively in [[2008 United States presidential election|2008]] and [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fischler |first=Jacob |date=November 30, 2018 |title=Can You Run for Congress and President? Depends Where |url=https://rollcall.com/2018/11/30/can-you-run-for-congress-and-president-depends-where/ |access-date=March 29, 2024 |website=Roll Call |language=en-US |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329153606/https://rollcall.com/2018/11/30/can-you-run-for-congress-and-president-depends-where/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Lieberman would subsequently win his re-election and continued serving in the Senate until his retirement in 2012.<ref name="politico-lieberman-retire">{{cite news |last1=Raju |first1=Manu |last2=Ball |first2=Molly |title=Lieberman won't run again |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2011/01/lieberman-wont-run-again-047758 |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=Politico |date=January 19, 2011 |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329091309/https://www.politico.com/story/2011/01/lieberman-wont-run-again-047758 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===2004===
{{Main|Joe Lieberman 2004 presidential campaign}}
[[File:02.15.DNC.FallMeet.WDC.3October2003 (21692141604).jpg|thumb|Supporters for Joe Lieberman]]

On January 13, 2003, Lieberman announced his intention to seek the [[Democratic Party (United States) presidential primaries, 2004|Democratic nomination]] as a candidate in the [[2004 United States presidential election|2004 presidential election]].<ref name="cnn-lieberman-2003">{{cite news |title=Lieberman announces presidential bid |url=https://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/01/13/lieberman.announce/ |access-date=March 29, 2024 |publisher=CNN |date=January 13, 2003 |archive-date=February 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207204844/http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/01/13/lieberman.announce/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Lieberman campaigned on his experience in government as well as his centrist and [[hawkish]] positions.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lieberman runs hard as unexpected underdog |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2004/01/13/lieberman-runs-hard-as-unexpected-underdog/ |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=The Baltimore Sun |date=January 13, 2004 |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329234910/https://www.baltimoresun.com/2004/01/13/lieberman-runs-hard-as-unexpected-underdog/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Indeed, he initially led in polls of primaries, but due to his political positions he failed to win a support of [[Liberalism in the United States|liberal]] Democratic voters, who dominated the primaries.<ref>{{cite web|author=JOHN E. MULLIGANJournal Washington Bureau |url=http://www.projo.com/news/content/projo_20030713_lieb13.a720e.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030716054353/http://www.projo.com/news/content/projo_20030713_lieb13.a720e.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 16, 2003 |title=Moderate and steady may not win race for Lieberman |publisher=Projo.com |date=July 13, 2003 |access-date=May 24, 2010}}</ref>

Prior to his defeat in [[New Hampshire]], Lieberman declared that his campaign was picking up "Joementum";<ref name="cnn-joementum">{{cite news |title=Lieberman says he's got the 'Joementum' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/01/25/elec04.prez.lieberman/ |access-date=March 29, 2024 |publisher=CNN |date=January 26, 2004 |archive-date=November 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109171225/http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/01/25/elec04.prez.lieberman/ |url-status=live }}</ref> however, he failed to provide such momentum during the [[New Hampshire primary]] debates, held at [[Saint Anselm College]] days before the primary.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/01/25/elec04.prez.lieberman/ Lieberman says he's got the 'Joementum'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070204031547/http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/01/25/elec04.prez.lieberman/ |date=February 4, 2007 }} CNN.com January 26, 2004. Retrieved March 6, 2007.</ref> On February 3, 2004, Lieberman withdrew his candidacy after failing to win any of the five primaries or two caucuses held that day. He acknowledged to the ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' that his support for the war in Iraq was a large part of his undoing with voters.<ref>Hamilton, Elizabeth. [http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-7604812_ITM Lieberman Reflects on Candidacy.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112080527/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-7604812_ITM |date=January 12, 2009 }} ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' April 15, 2004.</ref>

Lieberman's former running candidate Al Gore did not support Lieberman's presidential run, and in December 2003 endorsed [[Howard Dean]]'s candidacy, saying "This is about all of us and all of us need to get behind the strongest candidate [Dean]."<ref>[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0312/09/se.01.html Gore Endorses Dean: CNN LIVE EVENT/SPECIAL transcript.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126041909/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0312/09/se.01.html |date=November 26, 2020 }} CNN.com December 9, 2003. Retrieved October 10, 2006.</ref> Finally, Lieberman withdrew from the race without winning a single contest. In total popular vote he placed 7th behind the eventual nominee, [[Massachusetts]] senator [[John Kerry]]; the eventual vice presidential nominee, [[North Carolina]] Senator [[John Edwards]]; former [[Governor of Vermont]] [[Howard Dean]]; [[Ohio]] [[US House|Representative]] [[Dennis Kucinich]]; retired General [[Wesley Clark]]; and Reverend [[Al Sharpton]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=1689 |title=US President&nbsp;– D Primaries Race&nbsp;– Jan&nbsp;13, 2004 |publisher=Our Campaigns |access-date=May 24, 2010 |archive-date=December 9, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101209060135/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=1689 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===2008===
{{Further|2008 United States presidential election}}
[[File:Mccainliebermann.JPG|thumb|Lieberman with Presidential Candidate [[John McCain]] at an event in [[Derry, New Hampshire]] ]]
On December 17, 2007, Lieberman endorsed [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] Senator [[John McCain]] for president in 2008,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2007/12/17/521481.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221161437/http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2007/12/17/521481.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 21, 2007 |title=LIEBERMAN, MCCAIN ENDORSEMENT |publisher=[[MSNBC]]|access-date=November 6, 2008}}</ref> going against his party and going back on his stance in July 2006 when he stated "I want Democrats to be back in the majority in Washington and elect a Democratic president in 2008."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVcL8KFDetU| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618162013/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVcL8KFDetU| archive-date=June 18, 2008 | url-status=dead|title=Lieberman: "I want to elect a Democratic president in 2008"|via=YouTube|access-date=August 5, 2008}}</ref> Lieberman cited his agreement with McCain's stance on the [[War on Terrorism]] as the primary reason for the endorsement.<ref>
{{cite news|url=http://blog.washingtonpost.com/the-trail/2007/12/16/lieberman_to_cross_aisle_for_m.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704144524/http://blog.washingtonpost.com/the-trail/2007/12/16/lieberman_to_cross_aisle_for_m.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 4, 2008|title=Lieberman to Cross Aisle to Endorse McCain|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=December 16, 2007}}</ref>

On June 5, 2008, Lieberman launched "Citizens for McCain", hosted on the McCain campaign website, to recruit Democratic support for John McCain's candidacy. He emphasized the group's outreach to supporters of [[Hillary Clinton]], who was at that time broadly expected to lose the Democratic presidential nomination to [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Rhee |first=Foon |title=Lieberman leads new pro-McCain group |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=June 5, 2008 |url=https://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2008/06/lieberman_leads.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607185447/http://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2008/06/lieberman_leads.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 7, 2008 |access-date=January 4, 2009}}</ref> Citizens for McCain was prominently featured in McCain team efforts to attract disgruntled Hillary Clinton supporters such as [[Debra Bartoshevich]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Wheaton |first=Sarah |title=McCain Courts Democrats, Independents |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 14, 2008 |url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/14/mccain-courts-democrats-independents/?scp=1&sq=%22citizens%20for%20mccain%22&st=cse |access-date=January 4, 2009 |archive-date=July 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714223126/http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/14/mccain-courts-democrats-independents/?scp=1&sq=%22citizens%20for%20mccain%22&st=cse |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Falcone |first=Michael |title=Republicans Unveil War Room in Denver |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 24, 2008 |url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/08/24/republicans-unveil-war-room-in-denver/?scp=2&sq=%22citizens%20for%20mccain%22&st=cse |access-date=January 4, 2009 |archive-date=July 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714223139/http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/08/24/republicans-unveil-war-room-in-denver/?scp=2&sq=%22citizens%20for%20mccain%22&st=cse |url-status=live }}</ref>

Lieberman spoke at the [[2008 Republican National Convention]] on behalf of McCain and his running mate, [[Governor of Alaska|Alaska Governor]] [[Sarah Palin]].<ref>{{cite news| last=Meckler| first=Laura| title=McCain Gets Boost from Senate Buddy| work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]| date=February 13, 2008| url=https://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2008/02/13/mccain-gets-boost-from-senate-buddy/| access-date=February 13, 2008| archive-date=February 13, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213210837/http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2008/02/13/mccain-gets-boost-from-senate-buddy/| url-status=live}}</ref> Lieberman was alongside McCain and Senator [[Lindsey Graham]] during a visit to French president [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] on March 21, 2008.<ref>{{cite web |last=J.C. |title=McCain loue l'ère『d'amitié franco-américaine』|work=Le Figaro |date=March 22, 2008 |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/elections-americaines-2008/2008/03/21/01017-20080321ARTFIG00760-mccain-loue-l-ere-d-amitie-franco-americaine.php |access-date=March 21, 2008 |language=fr |archive-date=March 24, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080324233311/http://www.lefigaro.fr/elections-americaines-2008/2008/03/21/01017-20080321ARTFIG00760-mccain-loue-l-ere-d-amitie-franco-americaine.php |url-status=live }}</ref> Lieberman was mentioned as a possible vice presidential nominee on a McCain ticket.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chooseourpresident2008.com/gop.html |title=The 2008 GOP Field or It's the Tenacity, Stupid |access-date=January 27, 2008 |last=Christensen |first=Alex |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213064400/http://www.chooseourpresident2008.com/gop.html |archive-date=February 13, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/NewsDetail.html?NewsID=44260|title=Say It's So, Joe&nbsp;– Vice President Lieberman?|access-date=January 27, 2008|last=Kristol|first=William|date=November 19, 2007|archive-date=January 14, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080114031546/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/NewsDetail.html?NewsID=44260|url-status=live}}</ref> [[ABC News]] reported that Lieberman was McCain's first choice for vice president until several days before the selection, when McCain had decided that picking Lieberman would alienate the conservative base of the Republican Party.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hunter|first=Duncan|title=How Palin Came to the Top of the List|url=http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalradar/2008/08/how-palin-came.html|access-date=October 3, 2010|newspaper=Political Radar&nbsp;– ABC News|date=August 29, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323133341/http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalradar/2008/08/how-palin-came.html|archive-date=March 23, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Topic A: Assessing Sarah Palin|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/29/AR2008082901777.html?hpid=opinionsbox1|access-date=October 3, 2010|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=August 30, 2008|archive-date=June 28, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628231653/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/29/AR2008082901777.html?hpid=opinionsbox1|url-status=live}}</ref> Lieberman had been mentioned as a possible [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] under a McCain administration.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=28478 |title=Gizzi on Politics: Convention Diary |newspaper=Human Events |access-date=May 24, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524120800/http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=28478 |archive-date=May 24, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Many Democrats wanted Lieberman to be stripped of his chairmanship of the [[Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs]] due to his support for John McCain which went against the party's wishes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/sen.-lieberman-likely-to-lose-his-gavel--in-massive-reshuffle-being-discussed-2008-10-28.html|title=Sen. Lieberman likely to lose his gavel in massive reshuffle being discussed|last=Rushing|first=J. Taylor|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|access-date=October 29, 2008|archive-date=October 29, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029145217/http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/sen.-lieberman-likely-to-lose-his-gavel--in-massive-reshuffle-being-discussed-2008-10-28.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Republican Minority Leader [[Mitch McConnell]] reached out to Lieberman, asking him to caucus with the Republicans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1108/15401.html|title=McConnell Reaches Out To Lieberman|last=Grim|first=Ryan|date=November 7, 2008|work=[[Politico]]|access-date=November 7, 2008|archive-date=November 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081110100808/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1108/15401.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ultimately, the [[Senate Democratic Caucus]] voted 42 to 13 to allow Lieberman to keep chairmanship (although he did lose his membership for the [[United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works|Environment and Public Works Committee]]). Subsequently, Lieberman announced that he would continue to caucus with the Democrats.<ref name="nytimes.com"/> Lieberman credited [[President-elect of the United States|President-elect]] [[Barack Obama]] for helping him keep his chairmanship. Obama had privately urged Democratic [[Senate Majority Leader]] [[Harry Reid]] not to remove Lieberman from his position. Reid stated that Lieberman's criticism of Obama during the election angered him, but that "if you look at the problems we face as a nation, is this a time we walk out of here saying, 'Boy did we get even'?" Senator [[Tom Carper]] of [[Delaware]] also credited the Democrats' decision on Lieberman to Obama's support, stating that "If Barack can move on, so can we."<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/17/lieberman.senate/index.html?iref=newssearch Sources: Lieberman likely to keep top Democratic post] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208193035/http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/17/lieberman.senate/index.html?iref=newssearch |date=December 8, 2008 }}, CNN, November 17, 2008.</ref><ref name=Lobama>[http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/18/lieberman.senate/index.html?iref=newssearch Lieberman credits Obama after Dems let him keep post] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422134017/http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/18/lieberman.senate/index.html?iref=newssearch |date=April 22, 2009 }}, CNN, November 18, 2008.</ref>

Some members of the Democratic caucus were reportedly angry at the decision not to punish Lieberman more severely. The independent Senator [[Bernie Sanders]] of [[Vermont]] stated that he voted to punish Lieberman "because while millions of people worked hard for Obama, Lieberman actively worked for four more years of President Bush's policies."<ref name=Lobama/> Lieberman's embrace of certain conservative policies and in particular his endorsement of John McCain have been cited as factors for his high approval rating among Republicans in Connecticut with 66% of Republicans approving of him along with 52% of independents also approving of his job performance; this is also cited for his mediocre approval rating among Democrats: 44% approving and 46% disapproving.<ref name="hotlineoncall.nationaljournal.com">{{cite news|last1=Sullivan|first1=Sean|title=Lieberman Praising Connecticut Republicans|url=http://hotlineoncall.nationaljournal.com/archives/2011/10/lieberman-prais.php|access-date=May 18, 2017|work=National Journal|date=October 24, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025070740/http://hotlineoncall.nationaljournal.com/archives/2011/10/lieberman-prais.php|archive-date=October 25, 2011}}</ref> In September 2018, Lieberman gave a eulogy at the funeral of John McCain, in which he stated that he had turned down a request to serve as McCain's 2008 running mate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/politics/a22892540/joe-lieberman-john-mccain-memorial-speech-full-transcript/|title=Read the Full Transcript of Former Senator Joe Lieberman's Speech at John McCain's Memorial Service|first=Lauren|last=Hubbard|date=September 1, 2018|website=Town & Country|access-date=March 28, 2024|archive-date=June 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611022250/https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/politics/a22892540/joe-lieberman-john-mccain-memorial-speech-full-transcript/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===2012, 2016, and 2020===
In April 2012, Lieberman announced that he would not make any public endorsements in the [[2012 United States presidential election|2012 presidential election]] between President Obama and former [[Governor of Massachusetts|Massachusetts governor]] [[Mitt Romney]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/lieberman-says-no-plans-to-endorse-in-2012-presidential-race|title=Lieberman says no plans to endorse in 2012 presidential race|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=April 22, 2012|access-date=October 20, 2020|archive-date=October 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026053925/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/lieberman-says-no-plans-to-endorse-in-2012-presidential-race|url-status=live}}</ref> On August 10, 2016, Lieberman endorsed Democratic candidate [[Hillary Clinton]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential election]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Grace Kelly |url=http://www.foxbusiness.com/features/2016/08/10/sen-joe-lieberman-has-made-his-2016-pick.html |title=Sen. Joe Lieberman Has Made His 2016 Pick |publisher=Fox Business |date=August 10, 2016 |access-date=August 10, 2016 |archive-date=August 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811145644/http://www.foxbusiness.com/features/2016/08/10/sen-joe-lieberman-has-made-his-2016-pick.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On September 13, 2020, Lieberman endorsed Democratic candidate [[Joe Biden]] in the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 presidential election]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Jonathan Capehart |url=https://news.yahoo.com/fmr-sen-lieberman-endorses-biden-170449067.html |title=Fmr. Sen. Lieberman endorses Biden, sees some positives in Trump |publisher=[[Yahoo! News]] |date=September 13, 2020 |access-date=March 28, 2024 |archive-date=March 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327225133/https://news.yahoo.com/fmr-sen-lieberman-endorses-biden-170449067.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Criticism==
[[File:U.S. Senator Joe Leiberman speaks at a 2005 event to keep Alaska wild to save polar bears among other arctic wildlifes.jpg|thumb|Senator Lieberman speaking at a 2005 event to keep [[Alaska]] wild to save [[polar bears]], among other [[arctic]] wildlife]]

=== Iraq War support ===
Lieberman was a supporter of the Iraq War and urged action against Iran. In July 2008, Lieberman spoke at the annual conference of [[Christians United for Israel]] (CUFI). In July 2009, he accepted CUFI's "Defender of Israel Award" from [[John Hagee]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090726011344/http://jta.org/news/article/2009/07/23/1006730/cufi-conference-brings-criticism-of-obama-administration Christian Zionist parley: Don't pressure Israel] by Eric Fingerhut, Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA), July 23, 2009.</ref> Pastor Hagee, CUFI's founder and leader, made a number of controversial remarks, including a statement that the Catholic Church is "the great whore" and a suggestion that God allowed [[the Holocaust]] to happen to bring the Jews to Israel.<ref name="JePo">{{cite news |url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1215331075715&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |title=Lieberman backs Hagee despite calls from Jews to cut ties |newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |date=July 23, 2008 |first=Mary |last=Krieger |access-date=July 23, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713123430/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1215331075715&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull |archive-date=July 13, 2011 }}</ref>

=== Islamic extremism controversy ===
In April 2010, Lieberman blasted President Obama for stripping terms like "[[Islamic extremism]]" from a key national security document, calling the move dishonest, wrong-headed, and disrespectful to the majority of Muslims who are not terrorists.<ref>{{cite web |title=Senator: Dropping 'Islamic extremism' term is 'Orwellian and counterproductive'&nbsp;– Military News and Comment |url=http://politifi.com/news/Senator-Dropping-Islamic-extremism-term-is-Orwellian-and-counterproductive-440572.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405220929/http://politifi.com/news/Senator-Dropping-Islamic-extremism-term-is-Orwellian-and-counterproductive-440572.html |archive-date=April 5, 2022 |access-date=August 8, 2010 |publisher=Politifi.com}}</ref>

=== Filibuster ===
While favoring the [[filibuster]] and threatening to use it in 2009 to eliminate a public health option as part of the healthcare proposal, Lieberman once strongly opposed the filibuster. In 1995, he joined with Senator [[Tom Harkin]] to co-sponsor an amendment to kill the filibuster. Lieberman told the ''[[Hartford Courant]]'': "The filibuster hurts the credibility of the entire Senate and impedes progress."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26315908/ns/msnbc_tv-rachel_maddow_show#34423698 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090526094755/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26315908/ns/msnbc_tv-rachel_maddow_show#34423698 |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 26, 2009 |title=TV, Rachel Maddow Show, Dec&nbsp;14, 2009 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]|access-date=May 24, 2010}}</ref>

=== Support for surveillance ===
Lieberman favored greater use of surveillance cameras by the federal government and referred to attempts by Congress to investigate illegal wiretapping as "partisan gridlock". On June 19, 2010, Lieberman introduced a bill called "[[Protecting Cyberspace as a National Asset Act|Protecting Cyberspace as a National Asset Act of 2010]]",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d111:S3480: |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229234340/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d111%3AS3480%3A |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 29, 2014 |title=Protecting Cyberspace as a National Asset Act of 2010 |work=[[THOMAS]] |publisher=The Library of Congress |access-date=December 18, 2012}}</ref> which he co-wrote with Senator [[Susan Collins]] (R-ME) and Senator [[Thomas Carper]] (D-DE). If signed into law, this controversial bill, which the American media dubbed the "[[Internet kill switch]]", would grant the President emergency powers over the Internet; however, all three co-authors of the bill issued a statement claiming that instead, the bill "[narrowed] existing broad Presidential authority to take over telecommunications networks".<ref name="nokillswitch">[http://www.informationweek.com/news/government/security/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=225701368&subSection=News Senators Say Cybersecurity Bill Has No 'Kill Switch'] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120921025259/http://www.informationweek.com/news/government/security/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=225701368&subSection=News |date=September 21, 2012}}, informationweek.com, June 24, 2010. Retrieved June 25, 2010.</ref> American [[computer security]] specialist and author [[Bruce Schneier]] objected to the "kill switch" proposal on the basis that it rests on several faulty assumptions and that it's "too coarse a hammer". However, Schneier also wrote: "Defending his proposal, Sen. Lieberman pointed out that China has this capability. It's debatable whether or not it actually does, but it's actively pursuing the capability because the country cares less about its citizens. Here in the U.S., it is both wrong and dangerous to give the president the power and ability to commit Internet suicide and terrorize Americans in this way."<ref>{{cite web |last=Schneier |first=Bruce |author-link=Bruce Schneier |date=July 12, 2010 |title=Internet Kill Switch |url=http://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2010/07/internet_kill_s.html |access-date=December 6, 2010 |work=Schneier on Security |archive-date=December 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206164452/http://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2010/07/internet_kill_s.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Suppressing whistleblowing ===
Lieberman was a major opponent of the [[whistle-blowing|whistleblowing]] website [[WikiLeaks]]. His staff "made inquiries" of [[Amazon.com]] and other internet companies such as [[PayPal]], [[Visa Inc.|Visa]], and [[MasterCard]] which resulted in them suspending service to WikiLeaks. Journalist [[Glenn Greenwald]] called Lieberman's actions "one of the most pernicious acts by a U.S. Senator in quite some time," and accused Lieberman of "emulat[ing] Chinese dictators" by "abusing his position as [[United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs|Homeland Security]] Chairman to thuggishly dictate to private companies which websites they should and should not host&nbsp;– and, more important, what you can and cannot read on the Internet."<ref>[[Glenn Greenwald|Greenwald, Glenn]] (December 2, 2010) [https://web.archive.org/web/20101203184232/http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2010/12/01/lieberman/index.html Joe Lieberman emulates Chinese dictators], ''[[Salon.com]]''</ref> Lieberman also suggested that "''[[The New York Times]]'' and other news organisations publishing the U.S. embassy cables being released by WikiLeaks could be investigated for breaking [[Espionage Act of 1917|US espionage laws]]."<ref>Owen, Paul; Adams, Richard; and McAskill, Ewen (December 7, 2010) [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/07/wikileaks-joe-lieberman-new-york-times-investigated WikiLeaks: US Senator Joe Lieberman suggests New York Times could be investigated] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620233457/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/07/wikileaks-joe-lieberman-new-york-times-investigated |date=June 20, 2012 }}, ''[[The Guardian]]''</ref>

Along with Senators [[John Ensign]] and [[Scott Brown (politician)|Scott Brown]], Lieberman "introduced a bill to amend the [[Espionage Act of 1917|Espionage Act]] in order to facilitate the prosecution of folks like Wikileaks."<ref name=Wittes>[[Benjamin Wittes|Wittes, Benjamin]] (December 6, 2010) [https://www.lawfaremedia.org/2010/12/espionage-act-amendments/ "Espionage Act Amendments"], ''Lawfare''</ref> Critics have noted that "[<span class="ltr">l</span>]eaking [classified] information in the first place is already a crime, so the measure is aimed squarely at publishers," and that "Lieberman's proposed solution to WikiLeaks could have implications for journalists reporting on some of the more unsavory practices of the intelligence community."<ref name=Wired>[[Kevin Poulsen|Poulsen, Kevin]] (December 2, 2010) [https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/12/shield "Lieberman Introduces Anti-WikiLeaks Legislation"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328151343/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/12/shield/ |date=March 28, 2014 }}, ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]''</ref> Legal analyst [[Benjamin Wittes]] called the proposed legislation "the worst of both worlds", saying:

{{blockquote|It leaves intact the current World War I–era Espionage Act provision, 18 U.S.C. 793(<span class="ltr">e</span>), a law [with] many problems&nbsp;... and then takes a currently well-drawn law and expands its scope to the point that it covers a lot more than the most reckless of media excesses. A lot of good journalism would be a crime under this provision; after all, knowingly and willfully publishing material "concerning the human intelligence activities of the United States or any foreign government" is no small part of what a good newspaper does.<ref name=Wittes/>}}

As a result of these statements and actions, Lieberman was perceived as an opponent of Internet [[free speech]] and become the target of [[Anonymous (group)|Anonymous]] attacks under [[Operation Payback]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=McDevitt |first1=Johnny |title=Operation Payback: 'Twitter will fall next' |url=https://www.channel4.com/news/operation-payback-twitter-will-fall-next |access-date=February 22, 2022 |work=Channel 4 News |date=December 9, 2010 |archive-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222224338/https://www.channel4.com/news/operation-payback-twitter-will-fall-next |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Marechal |first=Nathalie |date=May 1, 2012 |title=Hackers, Heavies and Heros: Dissent and Control in Cyberworld |type=Masters of Arts |publisher=American University School of International Service |page=18 |ssrn=2047189 |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2047189 |access-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222222835/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2047189 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Political positions==
{{main|Political positions of Joe Lieberman}}
[[File:Msc 2007-Saturday, 09.00 - 11.00 Uhr-Moerk018 Merkel Leibermann.jpg|thumb|Senator Lieberman with [[German Chancellor]] [[Angela Merkel]] at the 2007 [[Munich Security Conference]]]]
[[File:Senators McCain, Graham, Liberman, and Gillibrand (5169093576 1738c8c1d2 o).jpg|thumb|Senator Lieberman with bipartisan delegation [[John McCain]] (R-AZ), [[Lindsey Graham]] (R-SC) and [[Kirsten Gillibrand]] (D-NY) visit [[International Security Assistance Force]] in Afghanistan and Commander of NATO and ISAF [[David H. Petraeus]] in 2010]]
Lieberman was a strong advocate for the [[Iraq War|war in Iraq]].<ref name="voa-lieberman-iraq">{{cite news |title=US Senator Lieberman Faces Strong Challenge Over Iraq |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2006-07-12-voa52/320512.html |access-date=March 29, 2024 |publisher=Voice of America |date=October 31, 2009 |language=en |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329153949/https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2006-07-12-voa52/320512.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He was also a strong supporter of the [[Israel–United States relations|U.S.-Israel relationship]].<ref name="wsj-lieberman-israel">{{cite news |last1=Dershowitz |first1=Alan M. |title=Joe Lieberman's Last Words on Israel |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/joe-liebermans-last-words-on-israel-biden-cant-take-jewish-voters-for-granted-e9774de1 |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=WSJ Opinion |date=March 28, 2024 |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329152011/https://www.wsj.com/articles/joe-liebermans-last-words-on-israel-biden-cant-take-jewish-voters-for-granted-e9774de1 |url-status=live }}</ref> On domestic issues, he supported [[free trade]] economics<ref name="latimes-lieberman-free-trade">{{cite news |title=Lieberman Blasts Bush Free-Trade Policies |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-jul-19-na-lieberman19-story.html |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=Los Angeles Times |agency=Associated Press |date=July 19, 2003 |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329162808/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-jul-19-na-lieberman19-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> while also reliably voting for pro-trade union legislation.<ref name="nhi-union">{{cite news |last1=Bass |first1=Paul |title=Labor Lifts Lieberman Again |url=https://www.newhavenindependent.org/article/labor_lifts_lieberman_again |access-date=March 30, 2024 |work=New Haven Independent |date=August 22, 2006 |archive-date=March 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329143917/https://www.newhavenindependent.org/article/labor_lifts_lieberman_again |url-status=live }}</ref> As part of the [[Gang of 14]], he opposed filibustering Republican judicial appointments.<ref name="latimes-gang-of-14">{{cite news |last1=Brownstein |first1=Ronald |last2=Hook |first2=Janet |title=High Court Nomination May Prove a Deal-Breaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-jul-07-na-assess7-story.html |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=July 7, 2005 |archive-date=December 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207145027/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-jul-07-na-assess7-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Lieberman was a supporter of [[abortion rights]]<ref name="cnn-lieberman-abortion">{{cite news |title=Lieberman defends abortion stance after article |url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/12/26/elec04.prez.lieberman.abortion/ |access-date=March 29, 2024 |publisher=CNN |date=December 26, 2003 |archive-date=November 20, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120145740/http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/12/26/elec04.prez.lieberman.abortion/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and of the [[LGBT rights|rights of gays and lesbians]] to be protected with [[Hate crime laws|hate crime legislation]], and to [[DADT|serve openly]] in the military.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ontheissues.org/2008/Joseph_Lieberman_Civil_Rights.htm |title=Joseph Lieberman on Civil Rights |publisher=Ontheissues.org |access-date=May 24, 2010 |archive-date=June 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100622082922/http://www.ontheissues.org/2008/Joseph_Lieberman_Civil_Rights.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Lieberman was one of the Senate's leading opponents of [[violence in video games]] and on television. Lieberman described himself as being "genuinely an Independent", saying "I agree more often than not with Democrats on [[domestic policy]]. I agree more often than not with Republicans on [[foreign policy|foreign]] and [[defense (military)|defense policy]]."<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,247844,00.html Transcript: Sen. Joe Lieberman on 'FOX News Sunday'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523202925/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,247844,00.html |date=May 23, 2013}} [[Fox News]].com. January 28, 2007.</ref> Lieberman was known for his leadership in the successful effort to repeal the [[Don't ask, don't tell]] policy regarding sexual orientation in the U.S. Armed Forces.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stamfordadvocate.com/news/article/Lieberman-takes-up-liberal-mantle-on-Don-t-Ask-868430.php|title=Lieberman takes up liberal mantle on Don't Ask Don't Tell|first1=Magdalene|last1=Perez|first2=Staff|last2=Writer|date=December 8, 2010|website=StamfordAdvocate|access-date=March 12, 2020|archive-date=May 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515084627/https://www.stamfordadvocate.com/news/article/Lieberman-takes-up-liberal-mantle-on-Don-t-Ask-868430.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/news/stories/0910/42301.html|title=Lieberman airs 'don't ask' doubts|first=Josh|last=Gerstein|website=[[Politico]]|date=September 16, 2010|access-date=March 28, 2024|archive-date=May 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520231618/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0910/42301.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/23/us/23military.html|title=Obama Ends 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' Policy|first=Elisabeth|last=Bumiller|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 22, 2011|access-date=March 28, 2024|archive-date=July 23, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723235727/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/23/us/23military.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

During debate on the [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]], Lieberman opposed the public option. As the crucial 60th vote needed to pass the legislation, his opposition to the public option was critical for its removal from the resulting bill.<ref name="auto" /> Lieberman was an integral part in attempting to stop [[WikiLeaks]] from publishing further material using U.S.-based corporations in the [[United States diplomatic cables leak]] of 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/blog/2010/dec/03/wikileaks-tableau-visualisation-joe-lieberman |title=WikiLeaks cables visualisation pulled after pressure from Joe Lieberman |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=December 3, 2010 |access-date=December 3, 2010 |location=London |first=Charles |last=Arthur |archive-date=September 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917211208/https://www.theguardian.com/world/blog/2010/dec/03/wikileaks-tableau-visualisation-joe-lieberman |url-status=live }}</ref> That same year, he joined Republican Senator Scott Brown and bipartisan House members [[Jason Altmire]] and [[Charlie Dent]] in introducing the Terrorist Expatriation Act, which proposed stripping citizenship rights from Americans who took arms against the United States or provided material support to enemy combatants. The bill received mixed reviews and was heavily criticized by some senior Democrats.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jurist.org/news/2010/05/us-lawmakers-introduce-bill-to-strip-terror-suspects-of-citizenship-rights/ | author=Jaclyn Belczyk | date=May 7, 2010 | website=Jurist | title=U.S. lawmakers introduce bill to strip terror suspects of citizenship rights | access-date=March 28, 2024 | archive-date=July 29, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729010406/https://www.jurist.org/news/2010/05/us-lawmakers-introduce-bill-to-strip-terror-suspects-of-citizenship-rights/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Bill targets citizenship of terrorist allied | author1=Charlie Savage | author2=Carl Hulse | date=May 6, 2010 | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/07/world/07rights.html | access-date=March 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 9, 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100509063426/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/07/world/07rights.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

In June 2015, Lieberman was a signatory to a public letter written by a bipartisan group of 19 U.S. diplomats, experts, and others, on the then-pending negotiations for an [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|agreement between Iran and world powers]] over Iran's nuclear program.<ref name="BroadLetter">William J. Broad, [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/15/world/middleeast/iran-nuclear-accords-complexity-shows-bipartisan-letters-impact.html Iran Accord's Complexity Shows Impact of Bipartisan Letter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213145304/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/15/world/middleeast/iran-nuclear-accords-complexity-shows-bipartisan-letters-impact.html |date=December 13, 2021 }}, ''The New York Times'' (July 14, 2015).</ref><ref name="JuneLetter">[http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/public-statement-on-u.s.-policy-toward-the-iran-nuclear-negotiations Public Statement on U.S. Policy Toward the Iran Nuclear Negotiations Endorsed by a Bipartisan Group of American Diplomats, Legislators, Policymakers, and Experts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212091640/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/public-statement-on-u.s.-policy-toward-the-iran-nuclear-negotiations |date=December 12, 2020 }}, Washington Institute for Near East Policy (June 24, 2015).</ref> That letter outlined concerns about several provisions in the then-unfinished agreement and called for a number of improvements to strengthen the prospective agreement and win the letter-writers' support for it.<ref name="BroadLetter" /> The final agreement, concluded in July 2015, shows the influence of the letter.<ref name="BroadLetter" />

In May 2021, Lieberman expressed support for Israel in the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]] and praised "the quiet and effective diplomacy of President Biden, who was not drawn in by the left of the Democratic Party to essentially take a stand against Israel."<ref>{{cite news |title=Lieberman on Israel-Gaza conflict: Sanders, 'Squad' are 'furthest' from American values |url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/lieberman-israel-gaza-conflict-sanders-squad-american-values |work=FOX Business |date=May 21, 2021 |access-date=March 28, 2024 |archive-date=January 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106113943/https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/lieberman-israel-gaza-conflict-sanders-squad-american-values |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Post-Senate career==
A survey in October 2010 showed that Lieberman had an approval rating of 31% and that just 24% of Connecticut voters felt he deserved re-election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com/2010/10/ppp-poll-joe-lieberman-losing-very-badly-for-2012-re-election-bid.php|title=PPP Poll: Joe Lieberman Trailing Very Badly In 2012 Re-Election Bid|access-date=June 16, 2013|archive-date=July 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712025345/http://tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com/2010/10/ppp-poll-joe-lieberman-losing-very-badly-for-2012-re-election-bid.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Lieberman announced on January 19, 2011, that he would retire from the Senate at the end of his fourth term.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703954004576089933308403202 | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | first=Janet | last=Hook | title=Senators' Exits Reshape 2012 Fight | date=January 19, 2011 | access-date=March 28, 2024 | archive-date=January 25, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125191556/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703954004576089933308403202 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/19/joe-lieberman-retiring-in_n_810954.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124024641/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/19/joe-lieberman-retiring-in_n_810954.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |work=[[HuffPost]] |title=Joe Lieberman Retiring In 2012 |date=January 19, 2011}}</ref> Lieberman gave his farewell address on December 12, 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Joe Lieberman's sad send-off|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=December 12, 2012|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/dana-milbank-joe-liebermans-sad-sendoff/2012/12/12/b2ac4608-44b1-11e2-9648-a2c323a991d6_story.html|access-date=December 18, 2012|first=Dana|last=Milbank|archive-date=December 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215234334/http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/dana-milbank-joe-liebermans-sad-sendoff/2012/12/12/b2ac4608-44b1-11e2-9648-a2c323a991d6_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He was succeeded by Democratic representative [[Chris Murphy]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peterson |first1=Kristina |title=Democrat Chris Murphy Defeats McMahon to Win Lieberman's Connecticut Senate Seat |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-WB-36779 |access-date=March 31, 2024 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=November 6, 2012 |archive-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423214704/https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-WB-36779 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Following his retirement from the Senate, Lieberman moved to [[Riverdale, Bronx]], and registered to vote in New York as a Democrat.<ref name = Voght/> He became senior counsel of the white collar criminal defense and investigations practice at [[Kasowitz, Benson, Torres & Friedman]], a law firm in New York City whose notable clients include [[Donald Trump]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-07/former-senator-lieberman-joins-kasowitz-business-of-law.html | publisher=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg L.P.]] | title=Former Senator Lieberman Joins Kasowitz: Business of Law | access-date=March 28, 2024 | archive-date=November 3, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103170105/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-07/former-senator-lieberman-joins-kasowitz-business-of-law.html | url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2013, it was announced that Lieberman would be joining the conservative [[American Enterprise Institute]] think tank as co-chairman of their American Internationalism Project, alongside former Republican Senator [[Jon Kyl]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/144355-lieberman-joins-american-enterprise-institute/|title=Lieberman joins American Enterprise Institute|first=Daniel|last=Strauss|date=March 11, 2013|access-date=June 16, 2013|archive-date=June 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613071520/http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/287355-lieberman-joins-american-enterprise-institute-|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2014, Lieberman was named as Counselor at the [[National Bureau of Asian Research]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbr.org/About/team.aspx?id=83b81332-e755-4c0c-a5cd-23970c9142e3|title=Team – About – The National Bureau of Asian Research|access-date=December 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913185230/http://www.nbr.org/About/team.aspx?id=83b81332-e755-4c0c-a5cd-23970c9142e3|archive-date=September 13, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Additionally, he served as the Lieberman Chair of Public Policy and Public Service at [[Yeshiva University]], where he taught an undergraduate course in political science.<ref name="toi-obit" />

[[File:NL New Hampshire Governor's Forum (30269963736).jpg|thumb|300px|Lieberman speaks with [[Jon Huntsman presidential campaign, 2012|former Republican Party presidential candidate]] and [[Governor of Utah]] [[Jon Huntsman Jr.]] at a [[bipartisan]] event hosted by the [[No Labels Foundation]] in 2016.]]

In 2015, Lieberman served as co-chair of the [[Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense]], a commission that recommended changes to U.S. policy regarding biodefense.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biodefensestudy.org/|title=Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense|website=biodefensestudy.org|access-date=January 20, 2017|archive-date=January 14, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114112031/http://www.biodefensestudy.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> In order to address biological threats facing the nation, the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense created a 33 step initiative for the U.S. Government to implement. Lieberman headed the organization with former Governor [[Tom Ridge]], and the Study Panel assembled in Washington, D.C., for four meetings concerning current biodefense programs. The Study Panel concluded that the federal government had inadequate defense mechanisms in case of a biological event. The Study Panel's final report, ''The National Blueprint for Biodefense'', proposes a string of solutions and recommendations for the U.S. Government to take, including items such as giving the vice president authority over biodefense responsibilities and merging the entire biodefense budget. These solutions represent the Panel's call to action in order to increase awareness and activity for pandemic related issues.<ref name="umn-biodefense">{{cite news |last1=Schnirring |first1=Lisa |title=Panel report recommends blueprint for fixing biodefense gaps |url=https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/avian-influenza-bird-flu/panel-report-recommends-blueprint-fixing-biodefense-gaps |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=CIDRAP News |publisher=Regents of the University of Minnesota |date=October 29, 2015 |language=en |archive-date=February 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206074005/https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/avian-influenza-bird-flu/panel-report-recommends-blueprint-fixing-biodefense-gaps |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2022, the group released a report recommending a $10 billion, 10-year program to prevent the next pandemic, in the wake of the [[COVID-19 in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name="vox-2022biodefense">{{cite news |last1=Matthews |first1=Dylan |title=They warned about pandemics before Covid-19. Now they have a $100 billion plan to stop the next one. |url=https://www.vox.com/23020343/pandemic-prevention-apollo-athena-bipartisan-commision |access-date=March 29, 2024 |work=Vox  |date=April 12, 2022 |language=en |archive-date=December 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201033300/https://www.vox.com/23020343/pandemic-prevention-apollo-athena-bipartisan-commision |url-status=live }}</ref>

In August 2015, Lieberman became chairman of the advocacy group [[United Against Nuclear Iran]] (UANI).<ref>{{cite news |date=August 11, 2015 |title=Ex-Sen. Lieberman takes reins of anti-Iran deal group |url=https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/250808-ex-sen-lieberman-takes-reins-on-anti-iran-deal-group/ |newspaper=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |access-date=November 22, 2016 |archive-date=October 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016032641/https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/250808-ex-sen-lieberman-takes-reins-on-anti-iran-deal-group |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2016, Lieberman was hired by the [[Schaghticoke Tribal Nation]] to assist the group in challenging Connecticut laws giving exemptions to only the top two state gaming tribes to build casinos.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ctmirror.org/2016/03/07/schaghticokes-hire-lieberman-to-help-sue-state-over-casino-law/|title=Schaghticoke hire Lieberman to help sue state over casino law|date=March 7, 2016|publisher=ctmirror.org|access-date=March 21, 2016|archive-date=March 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309104030/http://ctmirror.org/2016/03/07/schaghticokes-hire-lieberman-to-help-sue-state-over-casino-law/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.courant.com/opinion/op-ed/hc-op-mcenroe-schaghticokes-casino-mgm-0313-20160310-column.html|title=Lieberman Rises In Fog Of Casino Skulduggery|first=Colin|last=McEnroe|publisher=courant.com|date=March 11, 2016|access-date=March 21, 2016|archive-date=March 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313223859/http://www.courant.com/opinion/op-ed/hc-op-mcenroe-schaghticokes-casino-mgm-0313-20160310-column.html|url-status=live}}</ref> That same year, Lieberman joined the [[Muslim-Jewish Advisory Council]], an organization founded to address anti-Muslim and anti-Jewish bigotry in the United States.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/world-news/u-s-election-2016/1.753161|title=Trump effect: Jewish and Muslim organizations form new alliance – U.S. Election 2016|work=Haaretz|access-date=November 17, 2016|archive-date=September 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903054359/http://www.haaretz.com/world-news/u-s-election-2016/1.753161|url-status=live}}</ref> Lieberman was also on the advisory board of the [[Counter Extremism Project]] (CEP).<ref>{{cite news |title=Leadership |url=http://www.counterextremism.com/leadership |agency=[[Counter Extremism Project]] |access-date=November 22, 2016 |archive-date=April 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408155619/https://www.counterextremism.com/leadership |url-status=live }}</ref>

In early 2017, Lieberman introduced President elect [[Donald Trump]]'s nominee as [[United States Secretary of Education|Secretary of Education]] [[Betsy DeVos]] to the Senate [[United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions|Health, Education, Labor and Pension committee]]. One report on Lieberman's involvement was critical of him for failing to disclose in his testimony the extensive legal work his Kasowitz, Benson, Torres & Friedman law firm had done for Donald Trump since at least as long ago as 2001. The work included bankrupt casino restructuring and, during the 2016 campaign, threatening ''[[The New York Times]]'' over publication of [[Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump#Controversy over tax returns|a few 1995 Trump tax documents]].<ref>Halperin, David, [https://www.huffingtonpost.com/davidhalperin/lieberman-introducing-dev_b_14232914.html "The Blog: Lieberman, Introducing DeVos, Fails To Disclose That His Law Firm Represents Trump"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026000130/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/davidhalperin/lieberman-introducing-dev_b_14232914.html |date=October 26, 2017 }}, ''Huffington Post'', January 17, 2017. Halperin linked to Staci Zaretsky, [http://abovethelaw.com/2016/10/donald-trump-chooses-biglaw-firm-to-fight-new-york-times-over-publication-of-tax-documents/ "Donald Trump Chooses Biglaw Firm To Fight New York Times Over Publication Of Tax Documents"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617093028/https://abovethelaw.com/2016/10/donald-trump-chooses-biglaw-firm-to-fight-new-york-times-over-publication-of-tax-documents/ |date=June 17, 2018 }}, ''[[Above the Law (website)|Above the Law]]'', October 3, 2016. Retrieved January 17, 2017.</ref>

On May 17, 2017, Lieberman was interviewed by President Donald Trump for the position of FBI Director, to replace recently fired [[James Comey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/05/17/donald-trump-joe-lieberman-james-comey-fbi/101799418/|title=Trump interviews Joe Lieberman, three others for FBI director job|website=[[USA Today]]|access-date=May 18, 2017|archive-date=May 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517230909/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/05/17/donald-trump-joe-lieberman-james-comey-fbi/101799418/|url-status=live}}</ref> The interview took place against the background of the appointment of Special Counsel [[Robert Mueller]] to investigate issues connected to [[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/05/17/528846598/former-fbi-director-mueller-appointed-special-counsel-to-oversee-russia-probe|title=Former FBI Director Mueller Appointed As Special Counsel To Oversee Russia Probe|website=NPR.org|access-date=May 18, 2017|archive-date=October 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027213600/https://www.npr.org/2017/05/17/528846598/former-fbi-director-mueller-appointed-special-counsel-to-oversee-russia-probe|url-status=live}}</ref> Speaking to reporters while meeting with Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos, Trump said he was "very close" to choosing a new FBI director to replace James Comey, and when asked if Lieberman was his top pick, Trump said yes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/18/politics/joe-lieberman-fbi-front-runner/|title=Trump says Lieberman one of his top picks for FBI|first=Tal|last=Kopan|date=May 18, 2017|publisher=[[CNN]]|access-date=March 28, 2024|archive-date=May 31, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531171546/https://www.cnn.com/2017/05/18/politics/joe-lieberman-fbi-front-runner/|url-status=live}}</ref> The President also stated that the odds were "better than 50-50" that his pick for FBI director would be made before he departed for his first trip abroad on Friday;<ref name=nbclieber>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-says-he-may-pick-new-fbi-director-friday-n761716|title=President Donald Trump said Joe Lieberman is his top pick for FBI director|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=May 19, 2017|access-date=March 28, 2024|archive-date=June 2, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602190053/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-says-he-may-pick-new-fbi-director-friday-n761716|url-status=live}}</ref> however, no announcement was made publicly on Friday.<ref name=nbclieber /> On May 25, 2017, Lieberman officially withdrew his name from consideration.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/25/politics/joe-lieberman-fbi-director/index.html|title=Lieberman withdraws from FBI director consideration|first=Ariane|last=de Vogue|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=May 25, 2017|access-date=March 28, 2024|archive-date=April 8, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408140305/https://www.cnn.com/2017/05/25/politics/joe-lieberman-fbi-director/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On July 17, 2018, Lieberman published an opinion piece in ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' imploring people to vote for [[Joe Crowley]], who was defeated in the Democratic primary by [[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]]. Crowley would run on the [[Working Families Party]] line, without support of a major party, similar to how Lieberman defeated Lamont in 2006. Lieberman continued to remain critical of Ocasio-Cortez, stating that "With all respect, I certainly hope she's not the future, and I don't believe she is."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/424879-ocasio-cortez-responds-to-joe-liebermans-criticisms-new-party-who-dis/|title=Ocasio-Cortez responds to Joe Lieberman's criticisms: 'New party, who dis?'|first=Morgan|last=Gstalter|date=January 11, 2019|website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|access-date=March 28, 2024|archive-date=October 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002203616/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/424879-ocasio-cortez-responds-to-joe-liebermans-criticisms-new-party-who-dis/|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2019 Lieberman officially registered as a lobbyist working for [[ZTE]] but stated that his work for the corporation will be limited to assess national security concerns and will not include actual lobbying.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/14/joe-lieberman-zte-to-lead-national-security-assessment-of-products.html|title=Joe Lieberman joins ZTE to lead national security assessment|last=Breuninger|first=Kevin|date=December 14, 2018|publisher=[[CNBC]]|access-date=January 4, 2019|archive-date=January 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130224147/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/14/joe-lieberman-zte-to-lead-national-security-assessment-of-products.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2022, Lieberman became one of the founding members of a group of U.S. business and policy leaders which shares the goal of engaging constructively with China and improving U.S.-China relations.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 7, 2022 |title=We Want to Rebuild U.S. Relations With China – WSJ |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/we-want-to-rebuild-us-china-relations-trade-business-economic-growth-antony-blinken-foreign-policy-11657141306 |access-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707140754/https://www.wsj.com/articles/we-want-to-rebuild-us-china-relations-trade-business-economic-growth-antony-blinken-foreign-policy-11657141306 |url-status=bot: unknown |last1=Greenberg |first1=Maurice R.}}</ref>

==Personal life and death==
Lieberman met his first wife, Betty Haas, at the congressional office of Senator [[Abraham Ribicoff]] (D-CT), where they worked as summer student interns. They married in 1965 while Joe Lieberman was in law school. They had two children&nbsp;– Matt and Rebecca. Betty, who is also Jewish, later worked as a psychiatric social worker. In 1981, the couple divorced. When asked about the divorce in an interview with ''[[New York Magazine]]'', Lieberman said, "one of the differences we had was in levels of religious observance", adding, "I'm convinced if that was the only difference, we wouldn't have gotten divorced."<ref name=GoJoe>[http://newyorkmetro.com/nymetro/news/politics/n_7996/index1.html You Go, Joe.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318215339/http://newyorkmetro.com/nymetro/news/politics/n_7996/index1.html |date=March 18, 2005}} ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' magazine, November 18, 2002.</ref>

[[File:Senator Joe Lieberman and his wife Hadassah on their way to the Capitol in 2011.jpg|thumb|Senator Lieberman and his wife [[Hadassah Lieberman|Hadassah]] riding the [[United States Capitol subway system]] to the [[United States Capitol|U.S. Capitol]] in 2011]]
In 1982, he met his second wife, [[Hadassah Lieberman|Hadassah Freilich Tucker]], while he was running for [[Attorney General of Connecticut]]. Hadassah Tucker's parents were [[Holocaust survivors]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Interview with Joe Lieberman|url=https://www.maxraskin.com/interviews/joe-lieberman|access-date=December 16, 2021|website=Interviews with Max Raskin|language=en-US|archive-date=March 28, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328003810/https://www.maxraskin.com/interviews/joe-lieberman|url-status=live}}</ref> According to ''Washington Jewish Week'', Lieberman called her for a date because he thought it would be interesting to go out with someone named Hadassah. (Hadassah is the name of the [[Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America|Women's Zionist Organization of America]]).<ref>Merida, Kevin. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/lieberman090598.htm Lieberman's Morality Concerns Not New.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908154732/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/lieberman090598.htm |date=September 8, 2021 }} ''[[The Washington Post]]'' September 5, 1998.</ref> From March 2005, Hadassah Lieberman worked for [[Hill & Knowlton]], a lobbying firm based in New York City, as a senior counselor in its health and pharmaceuticals practice. She held senior positions at the [[Hospital of Saint Raphael]] in [[New Haven]], the [[Shaare Zedek Medical Center|American Committee for Shaare Zedek Medical Center]] in [[Jerusalem]], [[Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International]] (APCO), [[Pfizer]], [[United States National Research Council|National Research Council]], [[Hoffmann-La Roche]], and [[Lehman Brothers]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://salon.com/opinion/conason/2006/09/01/hadassah_lieberman/|title=In bed with Big Pharma|last=Conason|first=Joe|date=September 1, 2006|work=[[Salon.com|Salon]]|access-date=November 14, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091120201409/http://www.salon.com/opinion/conason/2006/09/01/hadassah_lieberman|archive-date=November 20, 2009}}</ref>

Joe and Hadassah Lieberman had a daughter, Hana. In 2018 she made [[Aliyah]] to Israel with her family.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/249563|title=Joe Lieberman: Proud my daughter is making aliyah|date=July 26, 2018|access-date=March 28, 2024|archive-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929201531/https://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/249563|url-status=live}}</ref> Lieberman also had a stepson from Hadassah's previous marriage with [[Gordon Tucker]], [[Ethan Tucker]]. Lieberman's son, Matt, graduated from [[Yale University]] and from [[Yale Law School]].<ref name="ajc-matt-edu">{{cite news |last1=Bluestein |first1=Greg |title=Matt Lieberman, son of former VP nominee, runs for Senate in Georgia |url=https://www.ajc.com/blog/politics/matt-lieberman-son-former-nominee-runs-for-senate-georgia/7N34hRub7lcxqc2lAjciQL/ |access-date=March 28, 2024 |work=Political Insider (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution) |publisher=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |date=October 3, 2019 |language=English |archive-date=October 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005023535/https://www.ajc.com/blog/politics/matt-lieberman-son-former-nominee-runs-for-senate-georgia/7N34hRub7lcxqc2lAjciQL/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He is the former head of the school of [[Greenfield Hebrew Academy]] in [[Atlanta]].<ref name="ajt-matt-headmaster">{{cite news |last1=Ladinsky |first1=Kaylene |title=Lieberman Novel Embroiled in Racial Controversy |url=https://www.atlantajewishtimes.com/lieberman-novel-embroiled-in-racial-controversy/ |access-date=March 28, 2024 |work=Atlanta Jewish Times |date=August 10, 2020 |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328004744/https://www.atlantajewishtimes.com/lieberman-novel-embroiled-in-racial-controversy/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He was an unsuccessful candidate in the [[2020 United States Senate special election in Georgia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Matt Lieberman |url=https://ballotpedia.org/Matt_Lieberman |website=Ballotpedia |access-date=January 4, 2021 |language=en |archive-date=November 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125161455/https://ballotpedia.org/Matt_Lieberman |url-status=live }}</ref> Rebecca, Lieberman's daughter, graduated from [[Barnard College]] in 1991, and from the [[University of Pennsylvania Law School]] in 1997.<ref name="observer-rebecca-lieberman">{{cite news |last1=Goldman |first1=Andrew |title=Joe Lieberman's Daughter Rebecca Is Campaigning for Board of Ed |url=https://observer.com/2000/09/joe-liebermans-daughter-rebecca-is-campaigning-for-board-of-ed/ |access-date=March 28, 2024 |work=Observer |publisher=Observer Media |date=September 11, 2000 |archive-date=June 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625235115/https://observer.com/2000/09/joe-liebermans-daughter-rebecca-is-campaigning-for-board-of-ed/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Lieberman's stepson Ethan graduated from [[Harvard College]] in 1997 and received his rabbinic ordination from the Chief Rabbinate of Israel.<ref name="jfgnh-tucker">{{cite web |title=Elm City Kallah with Rabbi Ethan Tucker {{!}} Jewish Federation of Greater New Haven |url=https://www.jewishnewhaven.org/eventlist/elm-city-kallah-with-rabbi-ethan-tucker-2021rev2 |website=Jewish Federation of Greater New Haven |access-date=March 28, 2024 |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328003723/https://www.jewishnewhaven.org/eventlist/elm-city-kallah-with-rabbi-ethan-tucker-2021rev2 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishledger.com/articles/2006/02/23/news/news08.txt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090623101312/http://jewishledger.com/articles/2006/02/23/news/news08.txt |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 23, 2009 |title=Jewish Geography |publisher=jewishledger.com |access-date=February 21, 2008 |last=Jacobson |first=Judie }}</ref>

[[File:Joe Lieberman Marty Markowitz BBF 2011 Shankbone.JPG|thumb|left|Lieberman with [[Marty Markowitz]] at the 2011 [[Brooklyn Book Festival]] to discuss the role spirituality played in his life]] Lieberman described himself as an "observant" Jew.<ref name="EDAH"/> His first wife, Betty Haas, is a [[Reform Jew]]. After the death of his grandmother, a deeply religious immigrant, in 1967, he found a renewed interest in religious observance. His second wife, Hadassah, is also an observant [[Modern Orthodox Jew]]. "Hadassah calls herself my right wing", said Lieberman.<ref name=GoJoe/> In Lieberman's 1988 upset of [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] incumbent Senator [[Lowell Weicker]], Lieberman's religious observance was mostly viewed in terms of refusal to campaign on the [[Shabbat|Jewish Sabbath]]. This changed when Al Gore chose Lieberman as the running mate; a Lieberman press officer who spoke on condition of anonymity said: "He refers to himself as observant, as opposed to Orthodox, because he doesn't follow the strict Orthodox code and doesn't want to offend the Orthodox, and his wife feels the same way."<ref name="query.nytimes.com" />

The Liebermans kept a [[kosher]] home and observed the [[Sabbath]].<ref name="query.nytimes.com">Goodstein, Laurie. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9804EEDA153EF93BA2575BC0A9669C8B63 Lieberman Balances Private Faith With Life in the Public Eye] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209033839/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9804EEDA153EF93BA2575BC0A9669C8B63 |date=December 9, 2008 }} ''[[The New York Times]]'' August 18, 2000.</ref> In one notable instance, then-Senator Lieberman walked to the Capitol after Sabbath services to block a Republican [[filibuster]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/capitol-briefing/2009/12/senate_closes_off_debate_on_go.html|title=Capitol Briefing – Senate clears way for passage of spending bill|access-date=January 19, 2016|archive-date=February 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218035750/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/capitol-briefing/2009/12/senate_closes_off_debate_on_go.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Lieberman said that there was currently "a constitutional place for faith in our public life", and that the Constitution does not provide for "freedom from religion".<ref>Gold, Matea. [https://web.archive.org/web/20041205220049/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/08/28/latimes.lieberman/index.html Lieberman and religion seem to be an easy mix.] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' August 28, 2000.</ref> He attended [[Kesher Israel (Washington, D.C.)|Kesher Israel]] Congregation in [[Georgetown, Washington, D.C.]], and Beth Hamedrosh Hagodol&nbsp;– B'nai Israel, The Westville Synagogue, [[New Haven, Connecticut]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Joseph Lieberman: The Historic Choice|url=http://articles.courant.com/2000-08-08/news/0008082107_1_gore-and-lieberman-lieberman-selection-al-gore|newspaper=[[Hartford Courant]]|date=August 8, 2000|access-date=February 5, 2015|archive-date=February 5, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205141922/http://articles.courant.com/2000-08-08/news/0008082107_1_gore-and-lieberman-lieberman-selection-al-gore|url-status=live}}</ref> He also attended Congregation Agudath Sholom in his hometown of Stamford. Lieberman was an admirer of the last [[Lubavitch]]er [[Rebbe]], [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]]. He said of Schneerson, "I was impressed by this man, by his obvious spirituality, by his soaring intellect, by the extent to which he was involved in the world."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chabad.org/multimedia/media_cdo/aid/937503/jewish/Reflection-on-the-Rebbe-by-Senator-Joseph-Lieberman.htm|title=Reflection on the Rebbe by Senator Joseph Lieberman – Commemorating the Rebbe's 15th Yahrtzeit|access-date=December 9, 2012|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042152/http://www.chabad.org/multimedia/media_cdo/aid/937503/jewish/Reflection-on-the-Rebbe-by-Senator-Joseph-Lieberman.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> He said he had studied the commentaries of Rabbis [[Joseph B. Soloveitchik|Joseph Ber Soloveitchik]] and Abraham Isaac Kook.<ref name=":0" />

Lieberman was the first person of Jewish background or faith to run on a major party presidential ticket.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 20, 2004 |title=Joe Lieberman's Historic Run |url=https://forward.com/opinion/6358/joe-lieberman-s-historic-run/ |access-date=September 29, 2023 |website=The Forward |language=en |archive-date=March 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327230827/https://forward.com/opinion/6358/joe-lieberman-s-historic-run/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Lieberman said that he liked to sing and was a fan of [[Frank Sinatra]], whose song "[[My Way]]" was the theme of his first Senate campaign.<ref name=":0" /> He chanted the classic section of Proverbs "[[Proverbs 31|Eshet Hayil]]" to his wife every Friday night.<ref name=":0" />

On March 27, 2024, Lieberman died at [[NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital]], aged 82, from injuries that he sustained in a fall at his home in the Bronx.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |archive-date=March 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327215333/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/03/27/politics/joe-lieberman/index.html |url-status=live |last=Tapper |first=Jake |date=March 27, 2024 |title=Former Sen. Joe Lieberman has died |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/03/27/politics/joe-lieberman/index.html |access-date=March 27, 2024 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/27/us/politics/joseph-i-lieberman-dead.html|title = Joseph I. Lieberman, Senator and Vice-Presidential Nominee, Dies at 82|last = McFadden|first = Robert D.|date = March 27, 2024|access-date = March 27, 2024|author-link = Robert D. McFadden|newspaper = [[The New York Times]]|url-access = limited|archive-date = March 27, 2024|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240327221249/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/27/us/politics/joseph-i-lieberman-dead.html|url-status = live}}</ref> He received tributes from many, including from Presidents [[Joe Biden]], [[Barack Obama]], [[George W. Bush]] and [[Bill Clinton]], Vice Presidents [[Kamala Harris]], [[Mike Pence]] and [[Al Gore]], Senators [[Tom Cotton]] and [[Lindsey Graham]], and Israeli politicians [[Isaac Herzog]] and [[Benjamin Netanyahu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2024 |title=Matchless champion of the Jewish people': Israeli, US officials mourn Joe Lieberman |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/matchless-champion-of-the-jewish-people-israeli-us-officials-mourn-joe-lieberman/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2024 |website=The Times of Israel |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328092923/https://www.timesofisrael.com/matchless-champion-of-the-jewish-people-israeli-us-officials-mourn-joe-lieberman/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cameron |first=Chris |date=March 27, 2024 |title=Friends, Allies and Even Former Rivals Eulogize Joseph Lieberman |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/27/us/politics/reactions-joe-lieberman-death.html |access-date=March 28, 2024 |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328071110/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/27/us/politics/reactions-joe-lieberman-death.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Biden |first=Joe |author-link=Joe Biden |date=March 28, 2024 |title=Statement from President Joe Biden on the Passing of Former U.S. Senator Joe Lieberman |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/03/28/statement-from-president-joe-biden-on-the-passing-of-former-u-s-senator-joe-lieberman/ |access-date=March 29, 2024 |publisher=[[White House]] |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328235733/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/03/28/statement-from-president-joe-biden-on-the-passing-of-former-u-s-senator-joe-lieberman/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1773485060655591601 |user=BillClinton |title=Our statement on the passing of Senator Joe Lieberman. |first=Bill |last=Clinton |author-link=Bill Clinton |access-date=March 29, 2024}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=March 2024}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Kamala |author-link=Kamala Harris |date=March 28, 2024 |title=Statement from Vice President Kamala Harris on the Passing of Former U.S. Senator Joe Lieberman |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/03/28/statement-from-vice-president-kamala-harris-on-the-passing-of-former-u-s-senator-joe-lieberman/ |access-date=March 29, 2024 |publisher=[[White House]] |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328235731/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/03/28/statement-from-vice-president-kamala-harris-on-the-passing-of-former-u-s-senator-joe-lieberman/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1773170182271181095 |user=Mike_Pence |title=Karen and I were saddened to learn of the passing of Senator Joe Lieberman and mourn his loss with all who admired this truly good man and dedicated public servant. While we often differed on domestic policies, Senator Lieberman was an unwavering advocate for a strong National Defense throughout his years in the US Senate and Israel had no greater American champion. In his many years in public life, Joe also carried himself with a gentleness and civility that earned him the respect of his peers across party lines. We pray that his Memory be a Blessing for his beloved wife Hadassah and the entire the Lieberman family. G-d bless Joe Lieberman. |first=Mike |last=Pence |author-link=Mike Pence |access-date=March 29, 2024}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=March 2024}} Lieberman is entombed in the cemetery at [[Congregation Agudath Sholom]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehour.com/politics/article/joe-lieberman-connecticut-senator-vp-funeral-19373711.php|title=Joe Lieberman remembered by Gore, Dodd, others at funeral in Stamford|newspaper=Norwalk Hour |access-date=March 30, 2024|archive-date=March 29, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329091553/http://www.thehour.com/politics/article/joe-lieberman-connecticut-senator-vp-funeral-19373711.php|url-status=live |last1=Dixon |first1=Ken }}</ref>

==Electoral history==
{{main|Electoral history of Joe Lieberman}}

==Awards==
[[File:US Navy 100408-N-4437G-217 Senator Joe Lieberman, center, speaks with Rear Adm. Michael E. McLaughlin, left, and Capt. Marc W. Denno during a tour of SUBASE New London.jpg|thumb|Senator Lieberman visits [[United States Navy|Navy]] base in [[Groton, Connecticut]].]]
In 2008, Lieberman received the U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by [[Jefferson Awards for Public Service|Jefferson Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jeffersonawards.org/pastwinners/national|title=National – Jefferson Awards Foundation|access-date=August 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124043935/http://jeffersonawards.org/pastwinners/national|archive-date=November 24, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2011, the [[National Defense University]] foundation honored Senators Lieberman and [[John McCain]] the American Patriot Award for their lifetimes of public service. They were recognized for their outstanding record of contributions to [[National security of the United States|America's national security]], [[United States Armed Forces|armed forces]] and [[veterans]] throughout their impressive careers in government.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141123005032/http://www.ndufoundation.org/senators-john-mccain-and-joseph-lieberman Senators John McCain and Joseph Lieberman], [[National Defense University]] Foundation</ref>

In 2011, Lieberman was awarded [[St. George's Order of Victory|St. George Order of Victory]] by [[President of Georgia]] [[Mikheil Saakashvili]] for his support of Georgia following their [[Russo-Georgian War|2008 war with Russia]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rogin |first1=Josh |title=Saakashvili honors Lieberman for bringing 'Joe-mentum' to Georgia's cause |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/01/14/saakashvili-honors-lieberman-for-bringing-joe-mentum-to-georgias-cause/ |access-date=April 1, 2024 |work=Foreign Policy |date=January 14, 2011}}</ref>

==Published works==
Lieberman authored at least ten books, including ''The Power Broker'' (1966), a biography of the late Democratic Party chairman [[John Moran Bailey|John M. Bailey]];<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lieberman |first1=Joseph I. |title=The Power Broker: A Biography of John M. Bailey, Modern Political Boss |date=1966 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fy8lAAAAMAAJ |language=en |access-date=March 31, 2024 |archive-date=April 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401052453/https://books.google.com/books?id=Fy8lAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lyford |first1=Joseph P. |title=The Power Broker |journal=[[The Yale Law Journal]] |date=March 1967 |volume=76 |issue=4 |pages=859 |doi=10.2307/795042|jstor=795042 }}</ref> 
''The Scorpion and the Tarantula'' (1970), a study of early efforts to control [[nuclear proliferation]];<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lieberman |first1=Joseph I. |title=The Scorpion and the Tarantula: The Struggle to Control Atomic Weapons, 1945–1949 |date=1970 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fAYIAAAAMAAJ |language=en |access-date=March 31, 2024 |archive-date=April 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401052446/https://books.google.com/books?id=fAYIAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Burns |first1=E.L.M. |title=Review: The Scorpion and the Tarantula – the Struggle to Control Atomic Weapons 1945–1949 |journal=International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis |date=December 1971 |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=794–796 |doi=10.1177/002070207102600414 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/002070207102600414 |language=en |issn=0020-7020 |access-date=March 31, 2024 |archive-date=April 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401052446/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/002070207102600414 |url-status=live }}</ref> 
''The Legacy'' (1981), a history of [[Connecticut]] politics from 1930 to 1980;<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lieberman |first1=Joseph I. |title=The Legacy: Connecticut Politics, 1930–1980 |date=1981 |publisher=Spoonwood Press |location=|ol=8418053M |isbn=978-0-939026-01-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T_YnAQAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=BOOKS: LIEBERMAN PROFILES JOHN BAILEY |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/20/nyregion/books-lieberman-profiles-john-bailey.html |access-date=April 1, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 20, 1981}}</ref>
''Child Support in America: Practical Advice on Negotiating and Collecting a Fair Settlement'' (1986), a guidebook on methods to increase the collection of [[child support]] from delinquent fathers;<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lieberman |first1=Joseph I. |title=Child Support in America: Practical Advice for Negotiating and Collecting a Fair Settlement |date=July 1, 1988 |publisher=Yale University Press |ol=10317960M |oclc=18627712 |isbn=978-0-300-04210-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PIQh5cYHviYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pearl |first1=David |title=Child Support in America. By Joseph I. Lieberman. [New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 1986, xiii, 114 and (Index) 8 pp. Hardback £14·95 net.] |journal=[[Cambridge Law Journal]] |date=July 1987 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=346–347 |doi=10.1017/S0008197300120069 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-law-journal/article/abs/child-support-in-america-by-joseph-i-lieberman-new-haven-and-london-yale-university-press-1986-xiii-114-and-index-8-pp-hardback-1495-net/61A03A4C2CF626EDFA141EB75D24A5C5 |language=en |issn=1469-2139}}</ref> 
''In Praise of Public Life'' (2000);<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lieberman |first1=Joseph I. |title=In Praise Of Public Life |date=August 8, 2000 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |ol=36184079M |isbn=978-0-7432-1440-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qa3tAgqCP2AC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=In Praise of Public Life by Joseph I. Lieberman |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780684867748 |website=www.publishersweekly.com |publisher=[[Publishers Weekly]] |access-date=April 1, 2024 |date=2000}}</ref> 
''An Amazing Adventure: Joe and Hadassah's Personal Notes on the 2000 Campaign'' (2003), reflecting on his 2000 vice presidential run;<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lieberman |first1=Joseph I. |last2=Lieberman |first2=Hadassah |author2-link= Hadassah Lieberman |title=An Amazing Adventure: Joe and Hadassah's Personal Notes on the 2000 Campaign |date=January 17, 2003 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0-7432-3877-9 |ol=36184406M |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XtSY3-ay4gC |access-date=April 1, 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=A Jewish President? Kosher Food, Shabbat Walks: Campaigning Lieberman Style |url=https://www.jta.org/archive/a-jewish-president-kosher-food-shabbat-walks-campaigning-lieberman-style |access-date=April 1, 2024 |agency=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]] |date=March 20, 2015 |quote=In the new book, "An Amazing Adventure: Joe and Hadassah's Personal Notes on the 2000 Campaign," Lieberman and his wife reflect on how faith played a role not just in the candidate's policy statements, but the logistics of the campaign.}}</ref> 
''The Gift of Rest: Rediscovering the Beauty of the Sabbath'' (2011), written with [[David Klinghoffer]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lieberman |first1=Joseph I. |last2=Klinghoffer |first2=David |author2-link=David Klinghoffer |title=The Gift of Rest: Rediscovering the Beauty of the Sabbath |date=August 7, 2012 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-4516-2731-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X23u_b5Q01YC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/joe-lieberman-edel/ |title=Joe Lieberman: Edel|first1=David|last1=Klinghoffer|work=National Review|date=March 28, 2024}}</ref> 
''With Liberty and Justice: The Fifty-Day Journey from Egypt to Sinai'' (2018), on a trip with Rabbi Ari D. Kahn,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lieberman |first1=Joseph I. |last2=Kahn |first2=Ari D. |title=With Liberty and Justice: The Fifty-Day Journey from Egypt to Sinai |date=2018 |publisher=Toby Press LLC |isbn=978-1-59264-501-5 |ol=43710329M |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3KUstQEACAAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Halpern |first1=Stu |title=With Liberty and Justice: The Fifty Day Journey from Egypt to Sinai |url=https://www.jewishbookcouncil.org/book/with-liberty-and-justice-the-fifty-day-journey-from-egypt-to-sinai |website=www.jewishbookcouncil.org |publisher=[[Jewish Book Council]] |access-date=April 1, 2024 |language=en |date=June 26, 2018}}</ref> and 
''The Centrist Solution: How We Made Government Work and Can Make It Work Again'' (2021).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lieberman |first1=Joseph I. |title=The Centrist Solution: How We Made Government Work and Can Make It Work Again |date=October 19, 2021 |publisher=Diversion Books |isbn=978-1-63576-905-0 |ol=48203524M |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VetIEAAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Joe Lieberman on His New Book, [The Centrist Solution] |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?516906-3/joe-lieberman-book-the-centrist-solution |website=[[C-SPAN|C-SPAN.org]] |access-date=April 1, 2024 |date=December 27, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Centrist Solution: How We Made Government Work and Can Make It Work Again by Senator Joseph I Lieberman |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9781635769043 |website=www.publishersweekly.com |publisher=[[Publishers Weekly]] |access-date=April 1, 2024 |date=July 23, 2021}}</ref>
In his book ''Ticking Time Bomb: Counter-Terrorism Lessons from the U.S. Government's Failure to Prevent the Fort Hood Attack'' (2011), he described Australian Muslim preacher [[Feiz Mohammad]], American-Yemeni imam [[Anwar al-Awlaki]], Muslim cleric [[Abdullah el-Faisal]], and Pakistani-American [[Samir Khan]] as "virtual spiritual sanctioners" who use the internet to offer religious justification for Islamist terrorism.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MAgHGtRvlskC&pg=PA20 |title=Ticking Time Bomb: Counter-Terrorism Lessons from the U. S. Government's Failure to Prevent the Fort Hood Attack|author=Joseph I. Lieberman |publisher= Diane Publishing|year=2011 |isbn=9781437981223|access-date=April 22, 2013}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Conservative Democrat]]
* [[Bill Clinton Supreme Court candidates]]
* [[List of Jewish American jurists]]
* [[List of Jewish members of the United States Congress]]
* [[List of United States senators who switched parties]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons|Joseph Lieberman}}
{{wikiquote}}
{{wikisource author}}
; Official site
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130103162336/http://www.lieberman.senate.gov/ U.S. Senate website]

; Directories and databases
* {{CongLinks | congbio=l000304 | votesmart=53278 | fec=S8CT00022 | congress= }}<!--
Links formerly displayed via the CongLinks template:
* [http://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Lieberman Biography] at [[Ballotpedia]]
* [http://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/300067 Congressional profile] at [[GovTrack]]
* [http://www.opencongress.org/people/show/300067_Joseph_Lieberman Congressional profile] at [[Participatory Politics Foundation|OpenCongress]]
* [http://www.rollcall.com/members/97.html Congressional profile] at ''[[Roll Call]]''
* [http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/summary.php?cid=N00000616 Financial information (federal office)] at [[OpenSecrets]]
* [http://www.legistorm.com/member/64/Sen_Joseph_Lieberman.html Staff salaries, trips and personal finance] at LegiStorm.com
* [http://www.ontheissues.org/Senate/Joseph_Lieberman.htm Issue positions and quotes] at [[On the Issues]]
* [http://www.c-spanvideo.org/person/4363 Appearances] on [[C-SPAN]] programs
* [http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/l/joseph_i_lieberman/index.html Collected news and commentary] at ''[[The New York Times]]''
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/gIQAxo0s9O_topic.html Collected news and commentary] at ''[[The Washington Post]]''
* -->
* {{C-SPAN|4363}}

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{{Unsuccessful major party VPOTUS candidates}}
{{United States senators from Connecticut}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Lieberman, Joe}}
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