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Together with the [[Anglo-Irish]] statesman and philosopher [[Edmund Burke]], Maistre is commonly regarded as one of the founders of European [[conservatism]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Conservatism : The Fight for a Tradition|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780691207773|publisher=Princeton University Press|date=2020|isbn=978-0-691-20777-3|first=Edmund|last=Fawcett|pages=3–18|doi=10.1515/9780691207773 }}</ref><ref>Fuchs, Michel (1984). "Edmund Burke et Joseph de Maistre", ''Revue de l'Université d'Ottawa'', Vol. 54, pp. 49–58.</ref> Maistre exerted a powerful influence on the Spanish political thinker [[Juan Donoso Cortés]],<ref>Tarrago, Rafael E. (1999). [http://www.catholicsocialscientists.org/cssr/Archival/1999/1999_167.pdf "Two Catholic Conservatives: The Ideas of Joseph de Maistre and Juan Donoso Cortes,"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013164745/http://www.catholicsocialscientists.org/cssr/Archival/1999/1999_167.pdf |date=13 October 2014 }} ''Catholic Social Science Review'', Vol. 4, pp. 167–177.</ref><ref>Spektorowski, Alberto (2002). "Maistre, Donoso Cortes, and the Legacy of Catholic Authoritarianism," ''Journal of the History of Ideas'', Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 283–302.</ref> the French royalist [[Charles Maurras]] and his nationalist movement ''[[Action Française]]''<ref>Gerin-Ricard, Lazare de (1929). ''Les Idées Politiques de Joseph de Maistre et la Doctrine de Maurras.'' La Rochelle: Editions Rupella.</ref> as well as the German philosopher of law [[Carl Schmitt]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Filosoferna : den moderna världens födelse och det västerlandska tänkandet|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/985104734|publisher=Natur & Kultur|date=2016|access-date=2023-04-20|isbn=978-91-27-14699-0|oclc=985104734|first=Svante|last=Nordin|page=303}}</ref> |
Together with the [[Anglo-Irish]] statesman and philosopher [[Edmund Burke]], Maistre is commonly regarded as one of the founders of European [[conservatism]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Conservatism : The Fight for a Tradition|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780691207773|publisher=Princeton University Press|date=2020|isbn=978-0-691-20777-3|first=Edmund|last=Fawcett|pages=3–18|doi=10.1515/9780691207773 }}</ref><ref>Fuchs, Michel (1984). "Edmund Burke et Joseph de Maistre", ''Revue de l'Université d'Ottawa'', Vol. 54, pp. 49–58.</ref> Maistre exerted a powerful influence on the Spanish political thinker [[Juan Donoso Cortés]],<ref>Tarrago, Rafael E. (1999). [http://www.catholicsocialscientists.org/cssr/Archival/1999/1999_167.pdf "Two Catholic Conservatives: The Ideas of Joseph de Maistre and Juan Donoso Cortes,"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013164745/http://www.catholicsocialscientists.org/cssr/Archival/1999/1999_167.pdf |date=13 October 2014 }} ''Catholic Social Science Review'', Vol. 4, pp. 167–177.</ref><ref>Spektorowski, Alberto (2002). "Maistre, Donoso Cortes, and the Legacy of Catholic Authoritarianism," ''Journal of the History of Ideas'', Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 283–302.</ref> the French royalist [[Charles Maurras]] and his nationalist movement ''[[Action Française]]''<ref>Gerin-Ricard, Lazare de (1929). ''Les Idées Politiques de Joseph de Maistre et la Doctrine de Maurras.'' La Rochelle: Editions Rupella.</ref> as well as the German philosopher of law [[Carl Schmitt]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Filosoferna : den moderna världens födelse och det västerlandska tänkandet|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/985104734|publisher=Natur & Kultur|date=2016|access-date=2023-04-20|isbn=978-91-27-14699-0|oclc=985104734|first=Svante|last=Nordin|page=303}}</ref> |
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However, according to Carolina Armenteros, who has written four books about Maistre, his writings influenced not only conservative political thinkers but also the [[Utopian socialism|utopian socialists]].<ref name="Armenteros">Armenteros, Carolina (2011). ''The French Idea of History: Joseph de Maistre and his Heirs, 1794-1854''. Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press {{ISBN|0-8014-4943-X}}</ref> Early sociologists such as [[Auguste Comte]] and [[Henri de Saint-Simon]] explicitly acknowledged the influence of Maistre on their own thinking about the sources of social cohesion and political authority.<ref name="Levy-Bruhl" /><ref name="Pickering" /> |
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Maistre has been criticized by [[Classical liberalism|classical liberals]]. Literary critic [[Émile Faguet]] described Maistre as "a fierce absolutist, a furious theocrat, an intransigent legitimist, apostle of a monstrous trinity composed of pope, king and hangman, always and everywhere the champion of the hardest, narrowest and most inflexible dogmatism, a dark figure out of the Middle Ages, part learned doctor, part inquisitor, part executioner".<ref>Émile Faguet, ''Politiques et Moralistes du Dix-neuvieme Siècle'', 1st series, Paris: Société Française d'Imprimerie et de Librairie, 1899. Cited in: {{cite book | last = Maistre | first = Joseph de | title = Considerations on France | publisher=Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | year = 1994 | isbn = 0-521-46628-8 |page=xi |chapter=Introduction |author2=Isaiah Berlin}}</ref> Political historian [[Isaiah Berlin]] considered Maistre a forerunner to the 20th-century movement of [[fascism]], claiming that Maistre knew the self-destructive impulses in human nature and intended to exploit them.<ref>{{cite speech |title=The Second Onslaught: Joseph de Maistre and Open Obscurantism |url=https://berlin.wolf.ox.ac.uk/lists/nachlass/maistre.pdf |page=22–23 |last=Isaiah |first=Berlin |year=1965 |location=Harkness Theater, Columbia University }}</ref> However, [[Italian fascism]] openly rejected Maistre's reactionary conservatism, and Maistre's works were [[List of authors banned in Nazi Germany|banned in Nazi Germany]].<ref>Stanley G.Payne. ''A History of Fascism, 1914–45''. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. p. 214. {{ISBN|0299148742}}</ref> |
Maistre has been criticized by [[Classical liberalism|classical liberals]]. Literary critic [[Émile Faguet]] described Maistre as "a fierce absolutist, a furious theocrat, an intransigent legitimist, apostle of a monstrous trinity composed of pope, king and hangman, always and everywhere the champion of the hardest, narrowest and most inflexible dogmatism, a dark figure out of the Middle Ages, part learned doctor, part inquisitor, part executioner".<ref>Émile Faguet, ''Politiques et Moralistes du Dix-neuvieme Siècle'', 1st series, Paris: Société Française d'Imprimerie et de Librairie, 1899. Cited in: {{cite book | last = Maistre | first = Joseph de | title = Considerations on France | publisher=Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | year = 1994 | isbn = 0-521-46628-8 |page=xi |chapter=Introduction |author2=Isaiah Berlin}}</ref> Political historian [[Isaiah Berlin]] considered Maistre a forerunner to the 20th-century movement of [[fascism]], claiming that Maistre knew the self-destructive impulses in human nature and intended to exploit them.<ref>{{cite speech |title=The Second Onslaught: Joseph de Maistre and Open Obscurantism |url=https://berlin.wolf.ox.ac.uk/lists/nachlass/maistre.pdf |page=22–23 |last=Isaiah |first=Berlin |year=1965 |location=Harkness Theater, Columbia University }}</ref> However, [[Italian fascism]] openly rejected Maistre's reactionary conservatism, and Maistre's works were [[List of authors banned in Nazi Germany|banned in Nazi Germany]].<ref>Stanley G.Payne. ''A History of Fascism, 1914–45''. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. p. 214. {{ISBN|0299148742}}</ref> |
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