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Similar terms exist in Polish (e.g. ''[[Andrzej Lepper|lepperyzm]]'', ''[[Donald Tusk|tuskizm]]''), and other languages, including English (see [[Stalinism]], [[McCarthyism]], [[Thatcherism]]).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zAMpAQAAIAAJ&q=kaczyzm|title=Rozprawy Komisji Językowej|publisher=Wrocławskie Towarzystwo Naukowe|year=2005|location=[[Wrocław]]|pages=209|language=pl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Góralczyk|first1=Iwona|last2=Paszenda|first2=Joanna|date=2020-09-17|title=Name-based derivatives suffixed with -izm /-yzm in the current political discourse in Poland|journal=Prace Językoznawcze|volume=22|issue=4|pages=21–40|doi=10.31648/pj.5885|s2cid=231800945|issn=1509-5304|doi-access=free}}</ref> They are usually pejorative and intend to emphasize the boundaries of "we" vs "others", and to easily "[[Labeling theory|label]]" political opponents.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Pająk-Patkowska|first=Beata|date=2010-03-15|title=Wymiar lewica–prawica w Polsce – podziały ideologiczne w polskim społeczeństwie|journal=Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne|language=pl|issue=1|pages=79|doi=10.14746/ssp.2010.1.05|issn=1731-7517|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Romaniuk|first=Svitlana|date=2020-12-30|title=Wyjątkowość modelowania sloganów reklamy politycznej (na przykładzie kampanii prezydenckiej na Ukrainie w 2019 roku)|journal=Acta Polono-Ruthenica|volume=4|issue=XXV|pages=115–130|doi=10.31648/apr.5945|s2cid=234403315|issn=2450-0844|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
Similar terms exist in Polish (e.g. ''[[Andrzej Lepper|lepperyzm]]'', ''[[Donald Tusk|tuskizm]]''), and other languages, including English (see [[Stalinism]], [[McCarthyism]], [[Thatcherism]]).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zAMpAQAAIAAJ&q=kaczyzm|title=Rozprawy Komisji Językowej|publisher=Wrocławskie Towarzystwo Naukowe|year=2005|location=[[Wrocław]]|pages=209|language=pl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Góralczyk|first1=Iwona|last2=Paszenda|first2=Joanna|date=2020-09-17|title=Name-based derivatives suffixed with -izm /-yzm in the current political discourse in Poland|journal=Prace Językoznawcze|volume=22|issue=4|pages=21–40|doi=10.31648/pj.5885|s2cid=231800945|issn=1509-5304|doi-access=free}}</ref> They are usually pejorative and intend to emphasize the boundaries of "we" vs "others", and to easily "[[Labeling theory|label]]" political opponents.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Pająk-Patkowska|first=Beata|date=2010-03-15|title=Wymiar lewica–prawica w Polsce – podziały ideologiczne w polskim społeczeństwie|journal=Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne|language=pl|issue=1|pages=79|doi=10.14746/ssp.2010.1.05|issn=1731-7517|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Romaniuk|first=Svitlana|date=2020-12-30|title=Wyjątkowość modelowania sloganów reklamy politycznej (na przykładzie kampanii prezydenckiej na Ukrainie w 2019 roku)|journal=Acta Polono-Ruthenica|volume=4|issue=XXV|pages=115–130|doi=10.31648/apr.5945|s2cid=234403315|issn=2450-0844|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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This concept is still often used on the pages of the media outlets critical of the Law and Justice (PiS) party, such as the weekly ''[[Newsweek Polska]]''.<ref name=":2" /> In an interview to the left-wing "[[Nie (magazine)|NIE]]" newspaper December 2005, when asked to clarify what ''kaczyzm'' meant to her, Joanna Senyszyn defined the term as "the Polish variation of 21st-century totalitarianism... [in which] everything mixes: limitations on democracy, a peculiar type of oppression, censorship... [Kaczyzm] exists in a camouflaged form. It is dressed in the garment of social solidarity, patriotism and moral renewal".<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> According to Wojciech Szalkiewicz, ''kaczyzm'' means a system based on "permanent control, investigative scandals, appointing super-offices and ''ad hoc'' commissions of inquiry",<ref name=":1" /> while [[Leszek Balcerowicz]] described Kaczism as "unprecedented attacks on the institutions combined with unsubstantiated attacks against judges".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kurs na Białoruś|url=https://www.newsweek.pl/leszek-balcerowicz-o-reformach-pis-w-gospodarce-i-bialorusi/ptlg3r5|access-date=2021-10-12|website=Newsweek.pl |
This concept is still often used on the pages of the media outlets critical of the Law and Justice (PiS) party, such as the weekly ''[[Newsweek Polska]]''.<ref name=":2" /> In an interview to the left-wing "[[Nie (magazine)|NIE]]" newspaper December 2005, when asked to clarify what ''kaczyzm'' meant to her, Joanna Senyszyn defined the term as "the Polish variation of 21st-century totalitarianism... [in which] everything mixes: limitations on democracy, a peculiar type of oppression, censorship... [Kaczyzm] exists in a camouflaged form. It is dressed in the garment of social solidarity, patriotism and moral renewal".<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> According to Wojciech Szalkiewicz, ''kaczyzm'' means a system based on "permanent control, investigative scandals, appointing super-offices and ''ad hoc'' commissions of inquiry",<ref name=":1" /> while [[Leszek Balcerowicz]] described Kaczism as "unprecedented attacks on the institutions combined with unsubstantiated attacks against judges".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kurs na Białoruś|url=https://www.newsweek.pl/leszek-balcerowicz-o-reformach-pis-w-gospodarce-i-bialorusi/ptlg3r5|access-date=2021-10-12|website=Newsweek.pl|language=pl}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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