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{{Short description|Canonized 7th-century Mercian princesses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox saint
|honorific_prefix=Saints
|name=Kyneburga, Kyneswide and Tibba
|birth_date=
|death_date=7th century
|feast_day=6 March
|venerated_in=[[Catholic Church]] [[Anglican Church]] [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]
|image=
|imagesize=
|caption=
|birth_place=
|death_place=
|titles=Abbesses
|beatified_date=
|beatified_place=
|beatified_by=
|canonized_date=Pre-Congregation
|canonized_place=
|canonized_by=
|attributes=
|patronage=
|major_shrine=
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'''Kyneburga, Kyneswide and Tibba''' were female members of the [[Iclingas|royal family]] of [[Mercia]] in 7th-century [[England]]. They are venerated as saints.

==Kyneburga and Kyneswide==
'''Kyneburga''' (d. c. 680) (also called Cyneburh in Old English); the name being also rendered as ''Kinborough'' and in occasional use as a Christian name<ref name="Withycombe">Elizabeth Gidley Withycombe, ''The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian names'' Oxford:Clarendon Press,(1945) Pp. xxxvi+136.</ref>) and '''Kyneswide''' (Cyneswitha) were sisters, the daughters of [[King Penda of Mercia]] (who remained true to [[Anglo-Saxon paganism]]). She was eldest daughter of Penda. Although her father was an opponent of Christianity, she and all her siblings converted.
[[Bede]] wrote that Penda tolerated the preaching of [[Christianity]] in [[Mercia]] itself, despite his own beliefs:
:"Nor did King Penda obstruct the preaching of the word among his people, the Mercians, if any were willing to hear it; but, on the contrary, he hated and despised those whom he perceived not to perform the works of faith, when they had once received the faith, saying, ''They were contemptible and wretched who did not obey their God, in whom they believed''.
This was begun two years before the death of King Penda.<ref>Bede, B. III, Ch. XXI</ref> Their mother was Queen Cyneswise. Tibba is believed to have been a [[Kinship|relative]].

Kyneburga married [[Alhfrith of Deira]], co-regent of [[Northumbria]] (who attended the [[Synod of Whitby]] in 664),<ref>Bede(d. 735), Ecclesiastical History of the English People.</ref> and later founded an [[abbey]] for both [[monks]] and [[nuns]] in [[Castor, Cambridgeshire|Castor]], in the [[Soke of Peterborough]].<ref>Dugdale's ''Monasticon'' prints the foundation charter of Burh/Medehampstead, dated 664, which establishes beyond doubt that Kyneburg had left her husband to found and preside over her monastery at Castor: "Formerly a queen, who had resigned her sway to preside over a monastery of maidens".</ref> She became the first [[abbess]] and was later joined by Kyneswide and Tibba. Kyneswide succeeded Kyneburga as abbess and she was later succeeded by '''Tibba'''. She was buried in her church, but the remains of Kyneburga and Kyneswide were [[Translation (relic)|translated]], before 972,<ref>The account of the translation is from the ''[[Anglo-Saxon Chronicle]]'', dated 972: "Abbot Aelfsi took up St Kyneburgh (with her sister and a female kinswoman) who lay at Castor and brought them to Burh and offered them all to [[St Peter]] in one day".</ref> to Peterborough Abbey, now [[Peterborough Cathedral]].

Kyneburga had been one of the signatories, together with her brother [[Wulfhere]], of the founding charter of Burh Abbey, dated 664, per [[William Dugdale]]'s ''Monasticon''.<ref>Dugdale's Monasticon: Peterborough, vol 1, p.377, no.2, prints the charter of 664.</ref> (Burh Abbey was later dedicated to St Peter, becoming "Peterborough"). She was much esteemed as a saint by the monks of Peterborough, and features as one of the saints remembered annually on 6 March in several ancient Peterborough-produced Kalendars,<ref>Examples of Kalendars listing St Kyneburg for 6 March are: the Lectionary for St Kyneburg of Gloucester (14th century?), R.S. XXXIII, I, lxv & lxviii. Quoted in Livingston Carson, A Finding List of Political Poems Referring to English Affairs of the 13th & 14th Centuries. No.256; Antiphoner of Gilbert de Stanford (early 14th century) F.4.10 Haenel 17(L.5.8), produced at Peterborough Abbey.</ref> (a section of a psalter).<ref>Biog. of St Kyneburg from: [[Lina Eckenstein|Eckenstein, Lina]] Women under Monasticism: Chapters on Saint-Lore and Convent Life Between AD 500 and 1500, Houses in Mercia & the South.(1896)</ref><ref>Victoria County History, Northampton, vol.2. Houses of Benedictine Monks: Abbey of Peterborough.</ref>

She died on 15 September AD 680 and was buried at Castor where she soon became revered as a [[saint]]. In 963 [[relics|her body]] was moved to [[Peterborough]], with those of her sister, Cuneswitha, and their kins woman, Tibba. Her remains were translated to [[Thorney Abbey]] some time later. Her feast day is celebrated on 6 March.<ref>[http://www.geni.com/people/Cyneburh/6000000005034376339 CyneBurh at geni.com]</ref>

She is remembered in a chapel at Peterborough Cathedral, the 12th-century St Kyneburga's parish church in Castor, Lady Conyburrow's Way (a ridge in a field near Castor), Kimberwell spring, [[Bedfordshire]], the villages of [[Kimberley, Norfolk]] and [[West Yorkshire]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kinbarra.net/anglosaxon.htm |title=Cyneburh |access-date=18 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201115721/http://www.kinbarra.net/anglosaxon.htm |archive-date=1 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

There was another lady by the name of Kyneburg, the wife of [[Oswald of Northumbria]].<ref>For Kyneburg the wife of Oswald see Henry of Avranches, ''Vita Sancti Oswaldi'' (Life of St Oswald)</ref> She was the first abbess at Gloucester.

==Tibba==
Tibba, patron saint of [[Falconry|falconer]]s, is believed to have lived at [[Ryhall]], Rutland, in the 7th century. She was buried there, but in the 11th century her relics were translated to Peterborough Abbey, by Abbot Ælfsige (1006&ndash;1042).<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Mellows|editor1-first=William Thomas |editor2-last=Mellows|editor2-first=Charles|title=The Peterborough Chronicle of Hugh Candidus|publisher=Peterborough Natural History, Scientific and Archæological Society|year=1941|page=27|url=http://www.peterborough.gov.uk/leisure_and_culture/museum_and_galleries/visiting_the_museum/peterborough_museum_society/publications.aspx}} The society is now known as [http://www.peterborough.gov.uk/leisure_and_culture/museum/visiting_the_museum/peterborough_museum_society.aspx Peterborough Museum Society]</ref><ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66248 ''A History of the County of Rutland: Volume 2'', Page, W. (ed.), 1935.] British History Online. Retrieved 16 March 2010</ref> According to legend, St Tibba was a niece of [[Penda of Mercia|King Penda]].<ref>Rollason, D.W., ''The Mildrith Legend A Study in Early Medieval Hagiography in England'', Leicester University Press, 1982 (e.g. p. 115, in [[Medieval Latin]]).</ref> The remains of a small [[Hermitage (religious retreat)|hermitage]] associated with the saint can be seen on the west side of the north aisle of the [[Church of St John the Evangelist, Ryhall]].

There was at Ryhall a shrine and a [[holy well]] dedicated to Saint Tibba. Robert Charles Hope placed the location on the brow of Tibbal's Hill (Tibb's-well-hill), "upon the hill going from [[Tolethorpe Hall|Tolethorpe]] to [[Belmesthorpe|Belmsford]] Bridge".<ref name=Hope>[https://archive.org/details/TheLegendaryLoreOfTheHolyWells/page/n163  Hope, Robert Charles. ''The Legendary Lore of the Holy Wells of England'', Stock, 1893, p. 127]</ref>

Eabba, a cousin of Tibba, lived with her. Hope suggests the holy well dedicated to her was just north of Tibba's, on the other side of a ford of the [[River Gwash]] and the name "St. Eabba's-well-ford was corrupted to Stableford when a bridge was later built there. St. Eabba's well came to be called by local shepherds "Jacob's well".<ref name=Hope/> (For the relationship between St Tibba and St Ebba ("Domne Eafe"), see e.g. Rollason, D.W., ''The Mildrith Legend A Study in Early Medieval Hagiography in England'', Leicester University Press, 1982, p.&nbsp;77)

==Translation==
Originally buried at [[Castor, Cambridgeshire|Castor]] and Ryhall, their [[relics]] were bought in the 10th century by Peterborough Abbey under the direction of  Abbot Aelfsige of Peterborough, as part of a [[Peterborough Abbey#Monastic life|policy of relic acquisition]] by the abbey. Their relics at the abbey were lost or destroyed in the [[English Reformation|Reformation]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Dunbar, Agnes (1904) ''A Dictionary of Saintly Women''. 2 vols. London: Bell, 1904–1905.

==External links==
* {{PASE|1600|Cyneburg 1|nm=1}}, {{PASE|2883|Cyneswith 1|nm=1}}, and {{PASE|7823|Tibba 1}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121025092950/http://castorchurch.ds5075.dedicated.turbodns.co.uk/OldWebSite/kyne.htm Castor Church - The Life of St Kyneburgha]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kyneburga, Kyneswide And Tibba}}
[[Category:Mercian saints]]
[[Category:Anglo-Saxon abbesses]]
[[Category:7th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:Anglo-Saxon nuns]]
[[Category:Trios]]
[[Category:Iclingas]]
[[Category:Burials at Peterborough Cathedral]]
[[Category:Female saints of medieval England]]
[[Category:7th-century English nuns]]
[[Category:7th-century Christian nuns]]

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