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The accompanying engravings are the earliest images of a Santa figure.<ref name="Restad203"/><ref name="BowlerCC35">{{Cite book |title=Santa Claus: a biography |last=Bowler |first=Gerry |publisher=McClelland & Stewart Ltd |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7710-1668-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/santaclausbiogra0000bowl/page/35 35] |url=https://archive.org/details/santaclausbiogra0000bowl/page/35 }}</ref> They show Santeclaus dressed in a red outfit and are the first reference to his being dressed in that color.<ref name="BowlerCC37"/><ref name="Restad203"/> Although red had been traditionally associated with [[Bishop|bishop's]] robes, such as those that Saint Nicholas might have worn, the outfit shown is not that of a bishop, nor does it represent the old Dutch clothing of Saint Nicholas as described by [[Washington Irving]] and [[James Kirke Paulding]].<ref name="Restad144">{{Cite book |last=Restad |first=Penne L |year=1995 |title=Christmas in America |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |page=144| isbn=0-19-510980-5}}</ref> |
The accompanying engravings are the earliest images of a Santa figure.<ref name="Restad203"/><ref name="BowlerCC35">{{Cite book |title=Santa Claus: a biography |last=Bowler |first=Gerry |publisher=McClelland & Stewart Ltd |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7710-1668-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/santaclausbiogra0000bowl/page/35 35] |url=https://archive.org/details/santaclausbiogra0000bowl/page/35 }}</ref> They show Santeclaus dressed in a red outfit and are the first reference to his being dressed in that color.<ref name="BowlerCC37"/><ref name="Restad203"/> Although red had been traditionally associated with [[Bishop|bishop's]] robes, such as those that Saint Nicholas might have worn, the outfit shown is not that of a bishop, nor does it represent the old Dutch clothing of Saint Nicholas as described by [[Washington Irving]] and [[James Kirke Paulding]].<ref name="Restad144">{{Cite book |last=Restad |first=Penne L |year=1995 |title=Christmas in America |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |page=144| isbn=0-19-510980-5}}</ref> |
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Santeclaus |
Santeclaus leaves presents as rewards only for "good" children. "Naughty" children receive a "long, black, [[Birch|birchen]] rod" whose [[Switch (corporal punishment)|use for parental punishment]] is endorsed as a "command of God".<ref name="Restad54">{{Cite book |last=Restad |first=Penne L |year=1995 |title=Christmas in America |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |page=54| isbn=0-19-510980-5}}</ref> |
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==The poem== |
==The poem== |
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Latin: A a Á á À à  â Ä ä Ǎ ǎ Ă ă Ā ā à ã Å å Ą ą Æ æ Ǣ ǣ B b C c Ć ć Ċ ċ Ĉ ĉ Č č Ç ç D d Ď ď Đ đ Ḍ ḍ Ð ð E e É é È è Ė ė Ê ê Ë ë Ě ě Ĕ ĕ Ē ē Ẽ ẽ Ę ę Ẹ ẹ Ɛ ɛ Ǝ ǝ Ə ə F f G g Ġ ġ Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ģ ģ H h Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ḥ ḥ I i İ ı Í í Ì ì Î î Ï ï Ǐ ǐ Ĭ ĭ Ī ī Ĩ ĩ Į į Ị ị J j Ĵ ĵ K k Ķ ķ L l Ĺ ĺ Ŀ ŀ Ľ ľ Ļ ļ Ł ł Ḷ ḷ Ḹ ḹ M m Ṃ ṃ N n Ń ń Ň ň Ñ ñ Ņ ņ Ṇ ṇ Ŋ ŋ O o Ó ó Ò ò Ô ô Ö ö Ǒ ǒ Ŏ ŏ Ō ō Õ õ Ǫ ǫ Ọ ọ Ő ő Ø ø Œ œ Ɔ ɔ P p Q q R r Ŕ ŕ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ S s Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Š š Ş ş Ș ș Ṣ ṣ ß T t Ť ť Ţ ţ Ț ț Ṭ ṭ Þ þ U u Ú ú Ù ù Û û Ü ü Ǔ ǔ Ŭ ŭ Ū ū Ũ ũ Ů ů Ų ų Ụ ụ Ű ű Ǘ ǘ Ǜ ǜ Ǚ ǚ Ǖ ǖ V v W w Ŵ ŵ X x Y y Ý ý Ŷ ŷ Ÿ ÿ Ỹ ỹ Ȳ ȳ Z z Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž ß Ð ð Þ þ Ŋ ŋ Ə ə
Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я ́
IPA: t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ ʡ ʔ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ ɦ ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ ʙ ⱱ ʀ ɾ ɽ ɫ ɬ ɮ ɺ ɭ ʎ ʟ ɥ ʍ ɧ ʼ ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ɨ ʉ ɯ ɪ ʏ ʊ ø ɘ ɵ ɤ ə ɚ ɛ œ ɜ ɝ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ ʰ ʱ ʷ ʲ ˠ ˤ ⁿ ˡ ˈ ˌ ː ˑ ̪ {{IPA|}}
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