Oroqen | |
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Native to | China |
Region | Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang |
Native speakers | 1,200 (2009)[1] |
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Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | orh |
Glottolog | oroq1238 |
ELP | Oroqen |
Oroqen (also known as Orochon, Oronchon, Olunchun, Elunchun, Ulunchun) is a Northern Tungusic language spoken in the People's Republic of China. Dialects are Gankui and Heilongjiang. Gankui is the standard dialect.[2] It is spoken by the Oroqen peopleofInner Mongolia (predominantly the Oroqin Autonomous Banner) and HeilongjianginNortheast China.
Since the 1980s, Oroqen-language materials were produced by teachers in Oroqen-speaking areas. They based the language's orthography either on IPA or Pinyin - before then, the language was unwritten. In spite of this, the majority of the Oroqen are capable of reading and writing Chinese and some can also speak the Daur language.
Oroqen is spoken in the following counties of China (Ethnologue).
The Gankui dialect is used as the standard dialect for the Oroqen language.
neutral | front | back |
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i [ɪ], [ɪː], [i], [iː] | ü [y] | |
u [ʊ], [ʊː], [u], [uː] | o [o], [oː], [ɔ], [ɔː] | |
e [ɛː], [eː], [ə], [əː] | a [ɑ], [ɑː] |
Labial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | ||
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Nasal | /m/ m | /n/ n | /ɲ/ ny | /ŋ/ ng | |
Plosive | aspirated | /pʰ/ p | /tʰ/ t | /tʃʰ/ q | /kʰ/ k |
unaspirated | /p/ b | /t/ d | /t͡ʃ/ j | /k/ g | |
Fricative | /ɸ/ f | /s/ s | /ʃ/ x | /x~ɣ~h/ h | |
Rhotic | /r/ r | ||||
Approximant | /l/ l | /j/ y | /w/ w |
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