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| style="background-color: white !important; color: black !important;" | [[File:Vinyl chloride Polymerization V1.svg|400px|The polymerisation of vinyl chloride]] |
| style="background-color: white !important; color: black !important;" | [[File:Vinyl chloride Polymerization V1.svg|400px|The polymerisation of vinyl chloride]] |
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About 80% of production involves [[suspension polymerization]]. [[Emulsion polymerization]] accounts for about 12%, and [[bulk polymerization]] accounts for 8%. Suspension polymerization |
About 80% of production involves [[suspension polymerization]]. [[Emulsion polymerization]] accounts for about 12%, and [[bulk polymerization]] accounts for 8%. Suspension polymerization affords particles with average diameters of 100–180 μm, whereas emulsion polymerization gives much smaller particles of average size around 0.2 μm. VCM and water are introduced into the reactor along with a polymerization initiator and other additives. The contents of the reaction vessel are pressurized and continually mixed to maintain the suspension and ensure a uniform particle size of the PVC resin. The reaction is [[exothermic]] and thus requires cooling. As the volume is reduced during the reaction (PVC is denser than VCM), water is continually added to the mixture to maintain the suspension.<ref name=ullmannPVC>{{Ullmann |first=M. W.|last=Allsopp|first2=G.|last2=Vianello|title=Poly(Vinyl Chloride)|year=2012|doi=10.1002/14356007.a21_717}}</ref> |
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PVC may be manufactured from [[ethylene]], which can be produced from either [[naphtha]] or [[ethane]] feedstock.<ref name="Nikkei Asian Review">{{cite web|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Shin-Etsu-Chemical-to-build-1.4bn-polyvinyl-chloride-plant-in-US|title=Shin-Etsu Chemical to build $1.4bn polyvinyl chloride plant in US|website=Nikkei Asian Review|language=en-GB|access-date=24 July 2018|archive-date=24 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724123305/https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Shin-Etsu-Chemical-to-build-1.4bn-polyvinyl-chloride-plant-in-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |
PVC may be manufactured from [[ethylene]], which can be produced from either [[naphtha]] or [[ethane]] feedstock.<ref name="Nikkei Asian Review">{{cite web|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Shin-Etsu-Chemical-to-build-1.4bn-polyvinyl-chloride-plant-in-US|title=Shin-Etsu Chemical to build $1.4bn polyvinyl chloride plant in US|website=Nikkei Asian Review|language=en-GB|access-date=24 July 2018|archive-date=24 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724123305/https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Shin-Etsu-Chemical-to-build-1.4bn-polyvinyl-chloride-plant-in-US|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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