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Prior to the [[Northern Mali conflict]], human rights groups recorded "no recent reports of persecution, discrimination, or imprisonment on the basis of religious convictions or affiliation."<ref name=":0" /> However, terrorist groups attempted to institute strict Islamic law in the northern parts of the country in 2012 and Mali was listed high (#7) in the Christian persecution index published by [[Open Doors]], which described the persecution in the north as severe.<ref name="DeutscheWelle">[http://www.dw.de/report-points-to-100-million-persecuted-christians/a-16507067 Report points to 100 million persecuted Christians.] Retrieved on 10 January 2013.</ref><ref name="OpenDoor">[http://www.worldwatchlist.us/ OPEN DOORS World Watch list 2012]. Worldwatchlist.us. Retrieved on 2013-01-18.</ref> In spite of this, a 2015 study estimated some 8,000 believers in Christ from a Muslim background in the country.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Johnstone|first1=Patrick|last2=Miller|first2=Duane Alexander|title=Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census|journal=IJRR|date=2015|volume=11|page=14|url=https://www.academia.edu/16338087|access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> Several Islamic sites in Mali were destroyed or damaged by vigilante activists linked to Al Qaeda, claiming that "idol worship" characterized the sites.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/07/al-qaeda-destroys-timbuktu-shrines-ancient-citys-spirit/|title=Al Qaeda destroys Timbuktu shrines, ancient city's spirit|last=Hughes|first=Dana|date=2012-07-03|magazine=ABC News|access-date=2012-07-06}}</ref> Given the cultural and religious importance of the sites in the city of Timbuctu (Tomboctou), eight of the shrines on the UNESCO heritage list had been fully reconstructed, and another six were in the process of reconstruction, by July 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essor.ml/tombouctou-mme-irina-bokova-inaugure-les-mausolees-rehabilites.html|title=Tomboctou: Mme IRENA BOKOVA INAUGURE LES MAUSOLEES REHABILITES|website=Essor|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> However, the occupation and Sharia law were both short-lived, cut short by a French and Chadian military intervention that began in January 2013. |
Prior to the [[Northern Mali conflict]], human rights groups recorded "no recent reports of persecution, discrimination, or imprisonment on the basis of religious convictions or affiliation."<ref name=":0" /> However, terrorist groups attempted to institute strict Islamic law in the northern parts of the country in 2012 and Mali was listed high (#7) in the Christian persecution index published by [[Open Doors]], which described the persecution in the north as severe.<ref name="DeutscheWelle">[http://www.dw.de/report-points-to-100-million-persecuted-christians/a-16507067 Report points to 100 million persecuted Christians.] Retrieved on 10 January 2013.</ref><ref name="OpenDoor">[http://www.worldwatchlist.us/ OPEN DOORS World Watch list 2012]. Worldwatchlist.us. Retrieved on 2013-01-18.</ref> In spite of this, a 2015 study estimated some 8,000 believers in Christ from a Muslim background in the country.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Johnstone|first1=Patrick|last2=Miller|first2=Duane Alexander|title=Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census|journal=IJRR|date=2015|volume=11|page=14|url=https://www.academia.edu/16338087|access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> Several Islamic sites in Mali were destroyed or damaged by vigilante activists linked to Al Qaeda, claiming that "idol worship" characterized the sites.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/07/al-qaeda-destroys-timbuktu-shrines-ancient-citys-spirit/|title=Al Qaeda destroys Timbuktu shrines, ancient city's spirit|last=Hughes|first=Dana|date=2012-07-03|magazine=ABC News|access-date=2012-07-06}}</ref> Given the cultural and religious importance of the sites in the city of Timbuctu (Tomboctou), eight of the shrines on the UNESCO heritage list had been fully reconstructed, and another six were in the process of reconstruction, by July 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essor.ml/tombouctou-mme-irina-bokova-inaugure-les-mausolees-rehabilites.html|title=Tomboctou: Mme IRENA BOKOVA INAUGURE LES MAUSOLEES REHABILITES|website=Essor|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> However, the occupation and Sharia law were both short-lived, cut short by a French and Chadian military intervention that began in January 2013. |
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In 2023, Mali was scored 2 out of 4 for religious freedom;<ref>[https://freedomhouse.org/country/ |
In 2023, Mali was scored 2 out of 4 for religious freedom;<ref>[https://freedomhouse.org/country/jordan/freedom-world/2022 Freedom House website, retrieved 2023-08-08]</ref> this was mainly due to armed groups active in the north of the country. |
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In the same year, the country was ranked as the 17th worst place in the world to be a Christian.<ref>[https://www.opendoorsuk.org/persecution/world-watch-list/ |
In the same year, the country was ranked as the 17th worst place in the world to be a Christian.<ref>[https://www.opendoorsuk.org/persecution/world-watch-list/jordan/ Open Doors website, retrieved 2023-08-08]</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
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