Content that violates any copyrights will be deleted. Encyclopedic content must be verifiable through citations to reliable sources.
You are about to undo an edit. Please check the comparison below to verify that this is what you want to do, then publish the changes below to finish undoing the edit. If you are undoing an edit that is not vandalism, explain the reason in the edit summary. Do not use the default message only. |
| Latest revision | Your text | ||
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
The '''retroflex clicks''' are a family of [[click consonant]]s known only from the [[Central ǃKung]] language or dialect of [[Namibia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Scott|first1=Abigail |last2=Miller|first2=Amanda |last3=Namaseb|first3=Levi |last4=Sands|first4=Bonny |last5=Shah|first5=Sheena|date=June 2, 2010|title= Retroflex Clicks in Two Dialects of ǃXung |journal= University of Botswana, Department of African Languages}}</ref> They are [[retroflex consonant|sub-apical retroflex]] and should not be confused with the more widespread [[postalveolar click]]s, which are sometimes mistakenly called "retroflex" (for example in Unicode) due to their concave tongue shape. |
The '''retroflex clicks''' are a family of [[click consonant]]s known only from the [[Central ǃKung]] language or dialect of [[Namibia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Scott|first1=Abigail |last2=Miller|first2=Amanda |last3=Namaseb|first3=Levi |last4=Sands|first4=Bonny |last5=Shah|first5=Sheena|date=June 2, 2010|title= Retroflex Clicks in Two Dialects of ǃXung |journal= University of Botswana, Department of African Languages}}</ref> They are [[retroflex consonant|sub-apical retroflex]] and should not be confused with the more widespread [[postalveolar click]]s, which are sometimes mistakenly called "retroflex" (for example in Unicode) due to their concave tongue shape. |
||
The 'implicit' symbol in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] that represents the forward articulation of these sounds is {{angbr IPA|𝼊}}.<ref name=non-pulmonic>Kirk Miller & Michael Ashby, [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20253r-mod-ipa-b.pdf L2/20-253R] Unicode request for IPA modifier letters (b), non-pulmonic.</ref><ref>The Unicode character {{angbr IPA|𝼊}} was only adopted 2021. It may be substituted in some fonts with a combining diacritic, such as {{angbr IPA|ǃ̢}} or {{angbr IPA|ǃ̨}}.</ref> However, usage is rare. In the literature, retroflex clicks are typically written with the ''ad hoc'' digraph {{angbr IPA|‼}}, the convention since Doke identified them as retroflex in |
The 'implicit' symbol in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] that represents the forward articulation of these sounds is {{angbr IPA|𝼊}}.<ref name=non-pulmonic>Kirk Miller & Michael Ashby, [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20253r-mod-ipa-b.pdf L2/20-253R] Unicode request for IPA modifier letters (b), non-pulmonic.</ref><ref>The Unicode character {{angbr IPA|𝼊}} was only adopted 2021. It may be substituted in some fonts with a combining diacritic, such as {{angbr IPA|ǃ̢}} or {{angbr IPA|ǃ̨}}.</ref> However, usage is rare. In the literature, retroflex clicks are typically written with the ''ad hoc'' digraph {{angbr IPA|‼}}, the convention since Doke identified them as retroflex in 1926. (Doke's proposed symbol, {{angbr IPA|ψ}},<ref>{{cite journal|first=Clement M.|last=Doke|year=1925|title=An outline of the phonetics of the language of the ʗhũ: Bushman of the North-West Kalahari|journal=Bantu Studies|volume=2|pages=129–166|doi=10.1080/02561751.1923.9676181}}</ref> did not catch on, nor did Vedder's and Anders' {{angbr|⦀}}.<ref>{{cite journal|first=H.D.|last=Anders|year=1935|title=A note on a South Eastern Bushman dialect|journal=Zeitschrift für Eingeborenen-Sprachen|volume=25|pages=81–89}}<br>—— {{cite journal|year=1937|title=The clicks|journal=South African Journal of Science|volume=33|pages=926–939}}</ref> For a while Amanda Miller, who noted a lateral fricated release (as had Vedder), transcribed them {{angbr IPA|ǃ𐞷}}.<ref>{{cite book|first=Amanda|last=Miller|year=2009|title=Contrastive Coronal Click Types in !Xung}}</ref>) |
||
Retroflex clicks are extraordinarily rare. True retroflex clicks occur in at least some dialects of Central ǃKung. The [[Damin]] ritual jargon of [[Australia]] may have had a voiced nasal retroflex click, transcribed by Hale & Nash as {{angbr|rn!}}, though it's not known if it was phonemically distinct. However, Damin clicks presumably reflected the consonant articulations of [[Lardil language|Lardil]], in which the "retroflex" consonants are retracted [[apical consonant|apical]] alveolar rather than true retroflex, so it is likely that the Damin distinction could be described as post-alveolar apical {{IPA|[ᵑǃ̠]}} ({{angbr|rn!}}) vs a more fronted apical {{IPA|[ᵑǃ̪]}} ({{angbr|n!}}). |
Retroflex clicks are extraordinarily rare. True retroflex clicks occur in at least some dialects of Central ǃKung. The [[Damin]] ritual jargon of [[Australia]] may have had a voiced nasal retroflex click, transcribed by Hale & Nash as {{angbr|rn!}}, though it's not known if it was phonemically distinct. However, Damin clicks presumably reflected the consonant articulations of [[Lardil language|Lardil]], in which the "retroflex" consonants are retracted [[apical consonant|apical]] alveolar rather than true retroflex, so it is likely that the Damin distinction could be described as post-alveolar apical {{IPA|[ᵑǃ̠]}} ({{angbr|rn!}}) vs a more fronted apical {{IPA|[ᵑǃ̪]}} ({{angbr|n!}}). |
||
Copy and paste: – — ° ′ ″ ≈ ≠ ≤ ≥ ± − × ÷ ← → · § Cite your sources: <ref></ref>
{{}} {{{}}} | [] [[]] [[Category:]] #REDIRECT [[]] <s></s> <sup></sup> <sub></sub> <code></code> <pre></pre> <blockquote></blockquote> <ref></ref> <ref name="" /> {{Reflist}} <references /> <includeonly></includeonly> <noinclude></noinclude> {{DEFAULTSORT:}} <nowiki></nowiki> <!-- --> <span class="plainlinks"></span>
Symbols: ~ | ¡ ¿ † ‡ ↔ ↑ ↓ • ¶ # ∞ ‹› «» ¤ ₳ ฿ ₵ ¢ ₡ ₢ $ ₫ ₯ € ₠ ₣ ƒ ₴ ₭ ₤ ℳ ₥ ₦ № ₧ ₰ £ ៛ ₨ ₪ ৳ ₮ ₩ ¥ ♠ ♣ ♥ ♦ 𝄫 ♭ ♮ ♯ 𝄪 © ® ™
Latin: A a Á á À à  â Ä ä Ǎ ǎ Ă ă Ā ā à ã Å å Ą ą Æ æ Ǣ ǣ B b C c Ć ć Ċ ċ Ĉ ĉ Č č Ç ç D d Ď ď Đ đ Ḍ ḍ Ð ð E e É é È è Ė ė Ê ê Ë ë Ě ě Ĕ ĕ Ē ē Ẽ ẽ Ę ę Ẹ ẹ Ɛ ɛ Ǝ ǝ Ə ə F f G g Ġ ġ Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ģ ģ H h Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ḥ ḥ I i İ ı Í í Ì ì Î î Ï ï Ǐ ǐ Ĭ ĭ Ī ī Ĩ ĩ Į į Ị ị J j Ĵ ĵ K k Ķ ķ L l Ĺ ĺ Ŀ ŀ Ľ ľ Ļ ļ Ł ł Ḷ ḷ Ḹ ḹ M m Ṃ ṃ N n Ń ń Ň ň Ñ ñ Ņ ņ Ṇ ṇ Ŋ ŋ O o Ó ó Ò ò Ô ô Ö ö Ǒ ǒ Ŏ ŏ Ō ō Õ õ Ǫ ǫ Ọ ọ Ő ő Ø ø Œ œ Ɔ ɔ P p Q q R r Ŕ ŕ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ S s Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Š š Ş ş Ș ș Ṣ ṣ ß T t Ť ť Ţ ţ Ț ț Ṭ ṭ Þ þ U u Ú ú Ù ù Û û Ü ü Ǔ ǔ Ŭ ŭ Ū ū Ũ ũ Ů ů Ų ų Ụ ụ Ű ű Ǘ ǘ Ǜ ǜ Ǚ ǚ Ǖ ǖ V v W w Ŵ ŵ X x Y y Ý ý Ŷ ŷ Ÿ ÿ Ỹ ỹ Ȳ ȳ Z z Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž ß Ð ð Þ þ Ŋ ŋ Ə ə
Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я ́
IPA: t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ ʡ ʔ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ ɦ ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ ʙ ⱱ ʀ ɾ ɽ ɫ ɬ ɮ ɺ ɭ ʎ ʟ ɥ ʍ ɧ ʼ ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ɨ ʉ ɯ ɪ ʏ ʊ ø ɘ ɵ ɤ ə ɚ ɛ œ ɜ ɝ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ ʰ ʱ ʷ ʲ ˠ ˤ ⁿ ˡ ˈ ˌ ː ˑ ̪ {{IPA|}}
Wikidata entities used in this page
Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):
This page is a member of 5 hidden categories (help):
