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{{Short description|American expendable launch system}} |
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{{Infobox rocket |
{{Infobox rocket |
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|image = File:Super Strypi with HiakaSat at KTF (cropped).jpg |
|image = File:Super Strypi with HiakaSat at KTF (cropped).jpg |
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|function = Expendable launch system |
|function = Expendable launch system |
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|manufacturer = [[University of Hawaii]]<br/>[[Aerojet Rocketdyne]]<br/>[[Sandia National Laboratories|Sandia]] |
|manufacturer = [[University of Hawaii]]<br/>[[Aerojet Rocketdyne]]<br/>[[Sandia National Laboratories|Sandia]] |
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|country-origin = |
|country-origin = United States |
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|height = {{convert|17|m|abbr=on}}<ref name='Specs'>{{cite news |last=Graham |first=William |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/11/super-strypi-spark-inaugural-launch/ |title=Super Strypi conducts inaugural launch – Fails during first stage |work=NASA Spaceflight |date=November 3, 2015 | |
|height = {{convert|17|m|abbr=on}}<ref name='Specs'>{{cite news |last=Graham |first=William |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/11/super-strypi-spark-inaugural-launch/ |title=Super Strypi conducts inaugural launch – Fails during first stage |work=NASA Spaceflight |date=November 3, 2015 |access-date=2015-11-11 |archive-date=2015-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108220745/http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/11/super-strypi-spark-inaugural-launch/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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|diameter = {{convert|1.5|m|abbr=on}} <ref name='Specs'/> |
|diameter = {{convert|1.5|m|abbr=on}} <ref name='Specs'/> |
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|mass = {{convert|28240|kg|abbr=on}} <ref name='Specs'/> |
|mass = {{convert|28240|kg|abbr=on}} <ref name='Specs'/> |
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|payloads = |
|payloads = |
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'''SPARK''', or '''Spaceborne Payload Assist Rocket - Kauai''', also known as '''Super Strypi''',<ref name="eop">{{cite web|url=http://events.eoportal.org/get_announce.php?an_id=10003879|title=HawaiiSat-1|work=eoPortal Directory| |
'''SPARK''', or '''Spaceborne Payload Assist Rocket - Kauai''', also known as '''Super Strypi''',<ref name="eop">{{cite web|url=http://events.eoportal.org/get_announce.php?an_id=10003879|title=HawaiiSat-1|work=eoPortal Directory|access-date=20 January 2012|archive-date=20 January 2012|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/64pcbtL99?url=http://events.eoportal.org/get_announce.php?an_id=10003879|url-status=dead}}</ref> is an American [[expendable launch system]] developed by the [[University of Hawaii]], [[Sandia National Laboratories|Sandia]] and [[Aerojet Rocketdyne]].<ref name="GSP">{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/spark.htm|title=SPARK|first=Gunter|last=Krebs|work=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=20 January 2012|archive-date=15 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115031241/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/spark.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Designed to place [[miniaturized satellite]]s into [[low Earth orbit|low Earth]] and [[Sun-synchronous orbit|Sun-synchronous]] [[orbit]]s, it is a derivative of the [[Strypi]] rocket which was developed in the 1960s in support of [[nuclear weapons testing]]. SPARK is being developed under the [[LEONIDAS|Low Earth Orbiting Nanosatellite Integrated Defense Autonomous System]] (LEONIDAS) program, funded by the [[Operationally Responsive Space Office]] of the [[United States Department of Defense]]. |
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==Configuration== |
==Configuration== |
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SPARK is designed as a three-stage all-[[solid rocket motor|solid]] carrier rocket, with a [[spin stabilization|spin-stabilized]] first stage known as [[LEO-46]] and an active attitude control system on the second and third stages. It is launched using a new rail-guided system.<ref name=sfn-20151030>{{cite news |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/2015/10/29/first-launch-of-small-class-rocket-on-hold-in-hawaii/ |title=Inaugural launch of small-class rocket on hold in Hawaii |author=Stephen Clark |publisher=Spaceflight Now |date=30 October 2015 | |
SPARK is designed as a three-stage all-[[solid rocket motor|solid]] carrier rocket, with a [[spin stabilization|spin-stabilized]] first stage known as [[LEO-46]] and an active attitude control system on the second and third stages. It is launched using a new rail-guided system.<ref name=sfn-20151030>{{cite news |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/2015/10/29/first-launch-of-small-class-rocket-on-hold-in-hawaii/ |title=Inaugural launch of small-class rocket on hold in Hawaii |author=Stephen Clark |publisher=Spaceflight Now |date=30 October 2015 |access-date=30 October 2015 |archive-date=31 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031120606/https://spaceflightnow.com/2015/10/29/first-launch-of-small-class-rocket-on-hold-in-hawaii/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It is expected to have a payload capacity of {{convert|250|kg}} to a [[Sun-synchronous orbit]] at an altitude of approximately {{convert|400|km}}.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://hsfl.hawaii.edu/HSFL_Overview_071910.pdf| title=Overview| publisher=Hawaii Space Flight Laboratory| access-date=20 January 2012| archive-date=31 January 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131121715/http://hsfl.hawaii.edu/HSFL_Overview_071910.pdf| url-status=dead}}</ref> Launches will be conducted from the [[Pacific Missile Range Facility]] at [[Barking Sands]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hawaii.edu/offices/op/innovation/taylor.pdf|title=Innovative Satellite Launch Program|first=Brian|last=Taylor|publisher=School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii|access-date=20 January 2012|archive-date=31 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131121232/http://www.hawaii.edu/offices/op/innovation/taylor.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aerojet Rocketdyne will produce the motors for all three stages and Sandia is the prime contractor for the rocket's systems. The [[United States Air Force]] has provided launch support. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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===ORS-4=== |
===ORS-4=== |
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{{ |
{{see also|Operationally Responsive Space Office#ORS-4}} |
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The first launch of SPARK, named ORS-4, took place on November 3, 2015<ref> |
The first launch of SPARK, named ORS-4, took place on November 3, 2015<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/tracking/ |title=Spaceflight now |access-date=2014-05-31 |archive-date=2012-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609220021/http://spaceflightnow.com/tracking/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and was carrying [[HiakaSat]] (formerly called HawaiiSat-1<ref name='Specs'/>) and several secondary payloads,<ref name=sfn-20151030/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hsfl.hawaii.edu/HSFL_missions.html|title=Missions|publisher=Hawaii Space Flight Laboratory, University of Hawaii|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108230719/http://hsfl.hawaii.edu/HSFL_missions.html|archive-date=8 January 2012|access-date=20 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> including the [[Edison Demonstration of Smallsat Networks]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Swarming Space for Science|url = http://www.nasa.gov/feature/swarming-space-for-science|website = NASA|access-date = 2015-11-01|first = Loura|last = Hall|archive-date = 2015-11-05|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151105100154/http://www.nasa.gov/feature/swarming-space-for-science/|url-status = live}}</ref> The mission was supposed to test the rocket at its full payload capacity. However, telemetry showed the rocket tumbling soon after liftoff, and the [[U.S. Air Force]] released a statement, saying that the "experimental Super Strypi launch vehicle failed in mid-flight shortly after liftoff".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://spaceflightnow.com/2015/11/03/ors-4-mission-status-center/|title=Live coverage: Maiden flight of Super Strypi launcher fails|website=Spaceflightnow.com|access-date=2015-11-06|archive-date=2015-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106013905/http://spaceflightnow.com/2015/11/03/ors-4-mission-status-center/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = 'Super Strypi' Rocket Suffers Failure Shortly After Launch|url = https://grasswire.com/story/592/Super-Strypi|website = Grasswire.com|access-date = 2015-11-03|archive-date = 2015-12-22|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222080620/https://grasswire.com/story/592/Super-Strypi|url-status = live}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{ |
{{Commons category|Super Strypi}} |
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{{Orbital launch systems}} |
{{Orbital launch systems}} |
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[[Category:Space launch vehicles of the United States]] |
[[Category:Space launch vehicles of the United States]] |
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[[Category:University of |
[[Category:University of Hawaiʻi]] |
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[[Category:2015 in the United States]] |
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[[Category:2015 in spaceflight]] |
[[Category:2015 in spaceflight]] |
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[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 2015]] |
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[[Category:Microsatellite launch vehicles]] |
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Super Strypi rocket on the launch pad
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| Function | Expendable launch system |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | University of Hawaii Aerojet Rocketdyne Sandia |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Size | |
| Height | 17 m (56 ft)[1] |
| Diameter | 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) [1] |
| Mass | 28,240 kg (62,260 lb) [1] |
| Stages | Three |
| Capacity | |
| Payload to 400 km SSO | |
| Mass | 250 kilograms (550 lb) |
| Associated rockets | |
| Family | Strypi |
| Launch history | |
| Status | In development |
| Launch sites | Barking Sands |
| Total launches | 1 |
| Success(es) | 0 |
| Failure(s) | 1 |
| First flight | 3 November 2015 |
SPARK, or Spaceborne Payload Assist Rocket - Kauai, also known as Super Strypi,[2] is an American expendable launch system developed by the University of Hawaii, Sandia and Aerojet Rocketdyne.[3] Designed to place miniaturized satellites into low Earth and Sun-synchronous orbits, it is a derivative of the Strypi rocket which was developed in the 1960s in support of nuclear weapons testing. SPARK is being developed under the Low Earth Orbiting Nanosatellite Integrated Defense Autonomous System (LEONIDAS) program, funded by the Operationally Responsive Space Office of the United States Department of Defense.
SPARK is designed as a three-stage all-solid carrier rocket, with a spin-stabilized first stage known as LEO-46 and an active attitude control system on the second and third stages. It is launched using a new rail-guided system.[4] It is expected to have a payload capacity of 250 kilograms (550 lb) to a Sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of approximately 400 kilometres (250 mi).[5] Launches will be conducted from the Pacific Missile Range FacilityatBarking Sands.[6] Aerojet Rocketdyne will produce the motors for all three stages and Sandia is the prime contractor for the rocket's systems. The United States Air Force has provided launch support.
The first launch of SPARK, named ORS-4, took place on November 3, 2015[7] and was carrying HiakaSat (formerly called HawaiiSat-1[1]) and several secondary payloads,[4][8] including the Edison Demonstration of Smallsat Networks.[9] The mission was supposed to test the rocket at its full payload capacity. However, telemetry showed the rocket tumbling soon after liftoff, and the U.S. Air Force released a statement, saying that the "experimental Super Strypi launch vehicle failed in mid-flight shortly after liftoff".[10][11]
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Orbital launch systems developed in the United States
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| Active |
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| In development |
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| Retired |
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