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'''Siduri''', or more accurately '''Šiduri''' (pronounced '''Shiduri'''), is a character in the ''[[Epic of Gilgamesh]]''. She is described as an [[Alewife (trade)|alewife]]. The oldest preserved version of the composition to contain the episode involving her leaves her nameless, and in the later standard edition compiled by [[Sîn-lēqi-unninni]] her name only appears in a single line. She is named '''Naḫmazulel''' or '''Naḫmizulen''' in the preserved fragments of [[Hurrian language|Hurrian]] and [[Hittite language|Hittite]] translations. It has been proposed that her name in the standard edition is derived from an epithet applied to her by the Hurrian translator, ''šiduri'', "young woman." An alternate proposal instead connects it with the [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] personal name Šī-dūrī, "she is my protection." In all versions of the myth in which she appears, she offers advice to the hero, but the exact contents of the passage vary. Possible existence of [[Biblical]] and [[Ancient Greek literature|Greek]] reflections of the Šiduri passage is a subject of scholarly debate. |
'''Siduri''', or more accurately '''Šiduri''' (pronounced '''Shiduri'''), is a character in the ''[[Epic of Gilgamesh]]''. She is described as an [[Alewife (trade)|alewife]]. The oldest preserved version of the composition to contain the episode involving her leaves her nameless, and in the later standard edition compiled by [[Sîn-lēqi-unninni]] her name only appears in a single line. She is named '''Naḫmazulel''' or '''Naḫmizulen''' in the preserved fragments of [[Hurrian language|Hurrian]] and [[Hittite language|Hittite]] translations. It has been proposed that her name in the standard edition is derived from an epithet applied to her by the Hurrian translator, ''šiduri'', "young woman." An alternate proposal instead connects it with the [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] personal name Šī-dūrī, "she is my protection." In all versions of the myth in which she appears, she offers advice to the hero, but the exact contents of the passage vary. Possible existence of [[Biblical]] and [[Ancient Greek literature|Greek]] reflections of the Šiduri passage is a subject of scholarly debate. |
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In other contexts, the epithet ''šiduri'' could refer to various goddesses, including [[Hurrian religion|Hurrian]] [[Allani]], [[ |
In other contexts, the epithet ''šiduri'' could refer to various goddesses, including [[Hurrian religion|Hurrian]] [[Allani]], [[Ishara]] and [[Allanzu]], as well as [[List of Mesopotamian deities|Mesopotamian]] [[Ishtar]]. However, equating Ishtar with the alewife from the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' is regarded as incorrect. |
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==Name== |
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===The epithet ''šiduri'' in other sources=== |
===The epithet ''šiduri'' in other sources=== |
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In Hurrian sources, the epithet ''šiduri'' was applied to various goddesses, including [[Allanzu]] (a daughter of [[Hebat]]),{{sfn|George|2003|p=149}} [[Allani]]{{sfn|Wilhelm|2014|p=346}} and [[ |
In Hurrian sources, the epithet ''šiduri'' was applied to various goddesses, including [[Allanzu]] (a daughter of [[Hebat]]),{{sfn|George|2003|p=149}} [[Allani]]{{sfn|Wilhelm|2014|p=346}} and [[Ishara]].{{sfn|Bachvarova|2013|p=303}} |
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''Šiduri'' is also attested as an epithet of [[Ishtar]] in three Mesopotamian sources, ''[[Hymn to the Queen of Nippur]]'', the god list ''[[An = Anum]]'' (tablet IV, line 4) and the incantation series ''[[Šurpu]]''.{{sfn|Krebernik|2011a|p=459}} According to Wilfred G. Lambert, it most likely only started to be applied to this goddess as an epithet in the [[Middle Babylonian period]], and originally designated a distinct figure.{{sfn|Krebernik|2011a|p=459}} He concluded Šiduri as described in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' cannot be Ishtar.{{sfn|George|2003|p=149}} ''Šurpu'' refers to Šiduri as a goddess of wisdom, which, according to Andrew R. George, might indicate a connection with the ''Epic of Gilgamesh''.{{sfn|George|2003|p=149}} |
''Šiduri'' is also attested as an epithet of [[Ishtar]] in three Mesopotamian sources, ''[[Hymn to the Queen of Nippur]]'', the god list ''[[An = Anum]]'' (tablet IV, line 4) and the incantation series ''[[Šurpu]]''.{{sfn|Krebernik|2011a|p=459}} According to Wilfred G. Lambert, it most likely only started to be applied to this goddess as an epithet in the [[Middle Babylonian period]], and originally designated a distinct figure.{{sfn|Krebernik|2011a|p=459}} He concluded Šiduri as described in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' cannot be Ishtar.{{sfn|George|2003|p=149}} ''Šurpu'' refers to Šiduri as a goddess of wisdom, which, according to Andrew R. George, might indicate a connection with the ''Epic of Gilgamesh''.{{sfn|George|2003|p=149}} |
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Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
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