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[[File:Highest_resolution_photo_of_Sun_(NSF)_as_of_January_20,_2020.jpg|thumb|High-resolution image of the Sun's surface taken by the [[Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope]] (DKIST).]] |
[[File:Highest_resolution_photo_of_Sun_(NSF)_as_of_January_20,_2020.jpg|thumb|275px|High-resolution image of the Sun's surface taken by the [[Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope]] (DKIST).]] |
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{{Structure of the Sun|right}} |
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In [[solar physics]] and [[Solar observation|observation]], '''granules''' are [[convection cell]]s in the [[Sun]]'s [[photosphere]]. They are caused by [[convection current|currents]] of [[Plasma (physics)|plasma]] in the Sun's [[convective zone]], directly below the photosphere. The grainy appearance of the photosphere is produced by the tops of these convective cells; this pattern is referred to as '''granulation'''. |
In [[solar physics]] and [[Solar observation|observation]], '''granules''' are [[convection cell]]s in the [[Sun]]'s [[photosphere]]. They are caused by [[convection current|currents]] of [[Plasma (physics)|plasma]] in the Sun's [[convective zone]], directly below the photosphere. The grainy appearance of the photosphere is produced by the tops of these convective cells; this pattern is referred to as '''granulation'''. |
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A typical granule has a diameter on the order of {{convert|1500|km}}<ref name="JBZ">{{cite book |title=Sunquakes: Probing the Interior of the Sun |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |first=Jack B. |last=Zirker |page=2 |date=2003 |isbn=0-8018-7419-X |oclc=919928822}}</ref> and lasts 8 to 20 minutes before dissipating.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Lifetime of Solar Granules |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]] |first1=J. |last1=Bahng |first2=M. |last2=Schwarzschild |name-list-style=amp |volume=134 |page=312 |date=September 1961 |doi=10.1086/147160 |bibcode=1961ApJ...134..312B|doi-access=free }}</ref> At any one time, the [[Sun]]'s surface is covered by about 4 million granules. Below the photosphere is a layer of "[[Supergranulation|supergranules]]" up to {{convert|30000|km}} in diameter with lifespans of up to 24 hours. |
A typical granule has a diameter on the order of {{convert|1500|km}}<ref name="JBZ">{{cite book |title=Sunquakes: Probing the Interior of the Sun |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |first=Jack B. |last=Zirker |page=2 |date=2003 |isbn=0-8018-7419-X |oclc=919928822}}</ref> and lasts 8 to 20 minutes before dissipating.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Lifetime of Solar Granules |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]] |first1=J. |last1=Bahng |first2=M. |last2=Schwarzschild |name-list-style=amp |volume=134 |page=312 |date=September 1961 |doi=10.1086/147160 |bibcode=1961ApJ...134..312B|doi-access=free }}</ref> At any one time, the [[Sun]]'s surface is covered by about 4 million granules. Below the photosphere is a layer of "[[Supergranulation|supergranules]]" up to {{convert|30000|km}} in diameter with lifespans of up to 24 hours. |
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== Gallery == |
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<gallery mode=packed heights=200px style="text-align:left"> |
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Granulation_Quiet_Sun_SST_25May2017.webm|Granulation motions on the Sun's surface observed by the [[Swedish Solar Telescope]] |
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Sunspot_SST_05Sep2016.png|Detailed view of a [[sunspot]] and surrounding solar surface. The dense pattern of cells (unrelated to the sunspot) is ''granulation''; the individual cells are ''granules''. |
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</gallery> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Latin: A a Á á À à  â Ä ä Ǎ ǎ Ă ă Ā ā à ã Å å Ą ą Æ æ Ǣ ǣ B b C c Ć ć Ċ ċ Ĉ ĉ Č č Ç ç D d Ď ď Đ đ Ḍ ḍ Ð ð E e É é È è Ė ė Ê ê Ë ë Ě ě Ĕ ĕ Ē ē Ẽ ẽ Ę ę Ẹ ẹ Ɛ ɛ Ǝ ǝ Ə ə F f G g Ġ ġ Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ģ ģ H h Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ḥ ḥ I i İ ı Í í Ì ì Î î Ï ï Ǐ ǐ Ĭ ĭ Ī ī Ĩ ĩ Į į Ị ị J j Ĵ ĵ K k Ķ ķ L l Ĺ ĺ Ŀ ŀ Ľ ľ Ļ ļ Ł ł Ḷ ḷ Ḹ ḹ M m Ṃ ṃ N n Ń ń Ň ň Ñ ñ Ņ ņ Ṇ ṇ Ŋ ŋ O o Ó ó Ò ò Ô ô Ö ö Ǒ ǒ Ŏ ŏ Ō ō Õ õ Ǫ ǫ Ọ ọ Ő ő Ø ø Œ œ Ɔ ɔ P p Q q R r Ŕ ŕ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ S s Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Š š Ş ş Ș ș Ṣ ṣ ß T t Ť ť Ţ ţ Ț ț Ṭ ṭ Þ þ U u Ú ú Ù ù Û û Ü ü Ǔ ǔ Ŭ ŭ Ū ū Ũ ũ Ů ů Ų ų Ụ ụ Ű ű Ǘ ǘ Ǜ ǜ Ǚ ǚ Ǖ ǖ V v W w Ŵ ŵ X x Y y Ý ý Ŷ ŷ Ÿ ÿ Ỹ ỹ Ȳ ȳ Z z Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž ß Ð ð Þ þ Ŋ ŋ Ə ə
Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я ́
IPA: t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ ʡ ʔ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ ɦ ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ ʙ ⱱ ʀ ɾ ɽ ɫ ɬ ɮ ɺ ɭ ʎ ʟ ɥ ʍ ɧ ʼ ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ɨ ʉ ɯ ɪ ʏ ʊ ø ɘ ɵ ɤ ə ɚ ɛ œ ɜ ɝ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ ʰ ʱ ʷ ʲ ˠ ˤ ⁿ ˡ ˈ ˌ ː ˑ ̪ {{IPA|}}
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