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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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The etymology for pickles in South Asia varies regionally. The pickles are known as ''Uppinakaayi'' in [[Kannada]], ''[[Pachadi|Pachchadi]]'', Tokku, or Ūragāya in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], ''Oorugaai'' in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], ''Uppillittuthu'' in [[Malayalam]], ''Loncha'' in [[Marathi language|Marathi]], ''Lonchem'' in [[Konkani language|Konkani]], ''Athāṇu'' in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], ''Athā''ṇ''o'' in [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]] & [[Braj]], ''Sendhān'' or ''Sandhān'' in [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jayasi |first=Malik Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J5tHAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 |title=Padamāvata |date=1962 |language=hi |quote=संधान - अचार (अवधी में चालू शब्द) |access-date=2023-05-28 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603052158/https://books.google.com/books?id=J5tHAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Bagheli language|Bagheli]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=सेंधान शब्द के अर्थ {{!}} se.ndhaan - meaning in Hindi {{!}} हिन्दवी डिक्शनरी |url=https://www.hindwidictionary.com/meaning-of-sendhaan |access-date=2023-04-30 |website=Hindwi Dictionary |language=hi |archive-date=2023-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430105326/https://www.hindwidictionary.com/meaning-of-sendhaan |url-status=live }}</ref> & [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rāya |first=Kuladīpanārāyaṇa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UvYPAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 |title=Gosvāmi Tulasī Dāsa: jīvana vr̥tta aura vyaktitva |date=1972 |publisher=A. Bhā. Brā. Parishada (vanga) |language=hi |access-date=2023-05-28 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603052159/https://books.google.com/books?id=UvYPAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 |url-status=live }}</ref>''Khaṭāiṇ'' & ''Sāndhaṇo'' in [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stack |first=George |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8woVAAAAYAAJ&dq=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8B&pg=PA122 |title=A Dictionary, English and Sindhi |date=1849 |publisher=American mission Press |language=hi |access-date=2023-05-28 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603052157/https://books.google.com/books?id=8woVAAAAYAAJ&dq=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8B&pg=PA122 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Kasundi'' in [[Bengali language|Bangla]] & [[Odia language|Odia]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bladholm |first=Linda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yg6zCwAAQBAJ&dq=Kasundi+pickle&pg=PA156 |title=The Indian Grocery Store Demystified: A Food Lover's Guide to All the Best Ingredients in the Traditional Foods of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh |date=2016-04-26 |publisher=St. Martin's Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-250-12079-3 |language=en |quote=Kasundi is a nose-tinging pickle made from ground mustard seeds, spices, and mustard oil. |access-date=2023-05-28 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603052157/https://books.google.com/books?id=Yg6zCwAAQBAJ&dq=Kasundi+pickle&pg=PA156 |url-status=live }}</ref> In [[Hindi]], native words for pickle which are rooted in Sanskrit are: ''Athāna'', ''Noncha'', ''Sendhān'' and ''Khaṭaī''. Another term ''Achaar'' is also used in [[Hindi]], [[Nepali language|Nepali]], [[Urdu]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]].<ref>A Brief History Of The Humble Indian Pickle https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-humble-indian-pickle/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027150142/https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-humble-indian-pickle/ |date=2020-10-27 }}</ref> Early [[Sanskrit]] and Tamil literature uses the terms ''Avalehika, Upadamzam'', ''Sandhita,'' and ''Avaleha'' for pickles.<ref name="K.T. Achaya 2003">The Story of Our Food by K.T. Achaya (2003)</ref> |
The etymology for pickles in South Asia varies regionally. The pickles are known as ''Uppinakaayi'' in [[Kannada]], ''[[Pachadi|Pachchadi]]'', Tokku, or Ūragāya in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], ''Oorugaai'' in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], ''Uppillittuthu'' in [[Malayalam]], ''Loncha'' in [[Marathi language|Marathi]], ''Lonchem'' in [[Konkani language|Konkani]], ''Athāṇu'' in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], ''Athā''ṇ''o'' in [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]] & [[Braj]], ''Sendhān'' or ''Sandhān'' in [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jayasi |first=Malik Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J5tHAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 |title=Padamāvata |date=1962 |language=hi |quote=संधान - अचार (अवधी में चालू शब्द) |access-date=2023-05-28 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603052158/https://books.google.com/books?id=J5tHAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Bagheli language|Bagheli]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=सेंधान शब्द के अर्थ {{!}} se.ndhaan - meaning in Hindi {{!}} हिन्दवी डिक्शनरी |url=https://www.hindwidictionary.com/meaning-of-sendhaan |access-date=2023-04-30 |website=Hindwi Dictionary |language=hi |archive-date=2023-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430105326/https://www.hindwidictionary.com/meaning-of-sendhaan |url-status=live }}</ref> & [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rāya |first=Kuladīpanārāyaṇa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UvYPAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 |title=Gosvāmi Tulasī Dāsa: jīvana vr̥tta aura vyaktitva |date=1972 |publisher=A. Bhā. Brā. Parishada (vanga) |language=hi |access-date=2023-05-28 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603052159/https://books.google.com/books?id=UvYPAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 |url-status=live }}</ref>''Khaṭāiṇ'' & ''Sāndhaṇo'' in [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stack |first=George |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8woVAAAAYAAJ&dq=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8B&pg=PA122 |title=A Dictionary, English and Sindhi |date=1849 |publisher=American mission Press |language=hi |access-date=2023-05-28 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603052157/https://books.google.com/books?id=8woVAAAAYAAJ&dq=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8B&pg=PA122 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Kasundi'' in [[Bengali language|Bangla]] & [[Odia language|Odia]] , "aasaar" in Assamese.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bladholm |first=Linda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yg6zCwAAQBAJ&dq=Kasundi+pickle&pg=PA156 |title=The Indian Grocery Store Demystified: A Food Lover's Guide to All the Best Ingredients in the Traditional Foods of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh |date=2016-04-26 |publisher=St. Martin's Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-250-12079-3 |language=en |quote=Kasundi is a nose-tinging pickle made from ground mustard seeds, spices, and mustard oil. |access-date=2023-05-28 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603052157/https://books.google.com/books?id=Yg6zCwAAQBAJ&dq=Kasundi+pickle&pg=PA156 |url-status=live }}</ref> In [[Hindi]], native words for pickle which are rooted in Sanskrit are: ''Athāna'', ''Noncha'', ''Sendhān'' and ''Khaṭaī''. Another term ''Achaar'' is also used in [[Hindi]], [[Nepali language|Nepali]], [[Urdu]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]].<ref>A Brief History Of The Humble Indian Pickle https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-humble-indian-pickle/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027150142/https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-humble-indian-pickle/ |date=2020-10-27 }}</ref> Early [[Sanskrit]] and Tamil literature uses the terms ''Avalehika, Upadamzam'', ''Sandhita,'' and ''Avaleha'' for pickles.<ref name="K.T. Achaya 2003">The Story of Our Food by K.T. Achaya (2003)</ref> |
||
In Hindustani, an additional word ''Āchār'', is used for pickles, along with other native Hindi words. Āchār is a loanword of [[Persian language|Persian]] origin, entered popular use as the Hindustani term for pickles under [[Islam|Islamic rule]]. However, pickles in India are totally different from vinegar-based pickles in the Middle East.<ref name="Madani1993">{{cite book |author=Mohsen Saeidi Madani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AqdJ7LlfVWUC&pg=PA153 |title=Impact of Hindu Culture on Muslims |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. |year=1993 |isbn=978-81-85880-15-0 |pages=153– |quote=In Hindi pickle is called achaar. This is not food, as such. It is taken with food to add to the taste. In India there are two types of achaars, one is made with mustard oil, and the other without oil, e.g., lime pickle is made by putting it only in the salt. This type of achaar is specially made in Indía. But in the Arab countries, Iran, and Afghanistan, grapes and palm are abundant, so vinegar is made out of them and the achaar in these countries is made by dipping onion, fruits etc. in vinegar. |access-date=2019-01-13 |archive-date=2023-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101225004/https://books.google.com/books?id=AqdJ7LlfVWUC&pg=PA153#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> In Persian, the word ''āchār'' is defined as "powdered or salted meats, pickles, or fruits, preserved in salt, vinegar, honey, or syrup".<ref name="theculturetrip">{{Cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-humble-indian-pickle/|title=A Brief History Of The Humble Indian Pickle|date=28 November 2016|website=Culture Trip|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027150142/https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-humble-indian-pickle/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
In Hindustani, an additional word ''Āchār'', is used for pickles, along with other native Hindi words. Āchār is a loanword of [[Persian language|Persian]] origin, entered popular use as the Hindustani term for pickles under [[Islam|Islamic rule]]. However, pickles in India are totally different from vinegar-based pickles in the Middle East.<ref name="Madani1993">{{cite book |author=Mohsen Saeidi Madani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AqdJ7LlfVWUC&pg=PA153 |title=Impact of Hindu Culture on Muslims |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. |year=1993 |isbn=978-81-85880-15-0 |pages=153– |quote=In Hindi pickle is called achaar. This is not food, as such. It is taken with food to add to the taste. In India there are two types of achaars, one is made with mustard oil, and the other without oil, e.g., lime pickle is made by putting it only in the salt. This type of achaar is specially made in Indía. But in the Arab countries, Iran, and Afghanistan, grapes and palm are abundant, so vinegar is made out of them and the achaar in these countries is made by dipping onion, fruits etc. in vinegar. |access-date=2019-01-13 |archive-date=2023-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101225004/https://books.google.com/books?id=AqdJ7LlfVWUC&pg=PA153#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> In Persian, the word ''āchār'' is defined as "powdered or salted meats, pickles, or fruits, preserved in salt, vinegar, honey, or syrup".<ref name="theculturetrip">{{Cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-humble-indian-pickle/|title=A Brief History Of The Humble Indian Pickle|date=28 November 2016|website=Culture Trip|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027150142/https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-humble-indian-pickle/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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