m →History: he noted...he noted....he noted. Ugh. My English is terrible....
|
removed Category:Eastern Orthodoxy in the State of Palestine; added Category:Greek Orthodox monasteries in the State of Palestine using HotCat
|
||
(46 intermediate revisions by 18 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Eastern Orthodox Christian monastery and church in Palestine}} |
|||
The '''Saint George's Monastery''' ({{lang-ar|دير القديس جاورجيوس}}) is an [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] [[Christian]] [[Eastern Christian monasticism|monastery]] in the [[Palestinian territories|Palestinian]] town of [[al-Khader]], near [[Beit Jala]] and [[Bethlehem]] in the central [[West Bank]]. The town of Al-Khader is named after [[Saint George]] who in [[Arab culture]] is known as "[[al-Khadr]]." |
|||
{{Infobox religious building |
|||
| building_name = Church of Saint George in Al-Khader |
|||
| native_name = دير وكنيسة القديس جاورجيوس |
|||
| native_name_lang = ar |
|||
| image = Al Khader monastery 4.jpg |
|||
| caption = Church of St George in Al-Khader |
|||
| location = [[al-Khader]], [[West Bank]], [[State of Palestine|Palestine]] |
|||
| geo = |
|||
⚫ | | coordinates = {{coord|31|42|13|N|35|09|41|E|region:PS|display=inline,title}} |
||
| grid_position = 1654/1235 |
|||
| grid_name = [[Palestine grid]] |
|||
| religious_affiliation = [[Eastern Christian monasticism]] |
|||
| province = |
|||
| district = |
|||
| country = {{flag|State of Palestine}} |
|||
| consecration_year = |
|||
| status = |
|||
| leadership = |
|||
| website = |
|||
| architect = |
|||
| architecture_type = |
|||
| architecture_style = |
|||
| facade_direction = |
|||
| year_completed = |
|||
| specifications = no |
|||
| capacity = |
|||
| length = |
|||
| width = |
|||
| width_nave = |
|||
| height_max = |
|||
| dome_quantity = |
|||
| dome_height_outer = |
|||
| dome_height_inner = |
|||
| dome_dia_outer = |
|||
| dome_dia_inner = |
|||
| materials = |
|||
}} |
|||
The '''Monastery and Church of Saint George in Al-Khader''' ({{lang-ar|دير وكنيسة القديس جاورجيوس}})<ref>{{Cite web |title=St. George Monastery |url=https://enjoybethlehem.com/see/st-george-monastery |access-date=2022-04-02 |website=enjoybethlehem.com |language=en}}</ref> is an [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] [[Christianity|Christian]] religious site in the [[State of Palestine|Palestinian]] town of [[al-Khader]], near [[Beit Jala]] and [[Bethlehem]], in the central [[West Bank]] of the [[State of Palestine]]. The town of Al-Khader is named after [[Saint George]], who in [[Arab culture]] is known as "[[Khidr|al-Khadr]]"; the church is considered to be the most important sanctuary to al-Khadr in Palestine.<ref>Procházka-Eisl, Gisela, and Stephan Procházka. “Muslim Sanctuaries in and around Jerusalem Revisited.” Wiener Zeitschrift Für Die Kunde Des Morgenlandes, vol. 95, 2005, pp. 163–94. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23862773. "'[[Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi|Abd al-Gham an-Nabulusi]] passed it in 1690 and called it Maqam al-Khadir Abi l-'Abbäs. All earlier descriptions agreed that this is the most important al Khadir-sanctuary in the whole of Palestine. It is most famous for curing madness and possession by evil spirits."</ref> |
|||
⚫ | According to local tradition, Saint George was imprisoned in the town of al-Khader, where the current church stands. The chains holding him were [[relic]]s that were said to hold healing power.<ref>{{cite book |first= Charles M. |last= Sennott |title= The Body and the Blood: The Holy Land's Christians at the Turn of a New Millennium: A Reporter's Journey |page= 397 |publisher= PublicAffairs |year= 2001 |isbn= 1-891620-95-9 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZN1j1I69wqwC&pg=PA397 |access-date=8 April 2018}}{{dead|date=June 2020}}.</ref> |
||
⚫ |
According to local tradition, Saint George was imprisoned in the town of al-Khader where the current |
||
==History== |
==History== |
||
===Crusader/Ayyubid and Mamluk periods=== |
|||
In the |
In the thirteenth century, an anonymous Greek text noted: ‘After [[Bait Jala]], there is to be seen the [[church (building)|church]] of the Great George; and in it is kept the chain that was laid on his back’.<ref>Pringle, 1993, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BgQ6AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA296 296]</ref> |
||
|
Around 1421/1422 the Church of St. George was mentioned by Western traveler John Poloner as situated on a hill near Bethlehem.<ref>Poloner, 1894, p. [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924028534398#page/n31/mode/1up 18]</ref><ref name="C&K26">Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/26/mode/1up 26]</ref> |
||
In 1480 [[Felix Fabri]] noted: "At the side of this church there was once a great and fair monastery of [Greek monks], but now it has been laid in ruins, and their remains only a little hovel, leaning against the church, wherein two Greek monks dwell."<ref>Fabri, 1893, p. [https://archive.org/stream/libraryofpalesti09paleuoft#page/203/mode/1up 203]</ref> |
In 1480 [[Felix Fabri]] noted: "At the side of this church there was once a great and fair monastery of [[Caloyers|Greek monks]], but now it has been laid in ruins, and their remains only a little hovel, leaning against the church, wherein two Greek monks dwell."<ref>Fabri, 1893, p. [https://archive.org/stream/libraryofpalesti09paleuoft#page/203/mode/1up 203]</ref> |
||
===Ottoman period=== |
|||
Around 1740, [[Richard Pococke]] still noted it as a Greek convent,<ref>Pococke, 1745, p. [https://archive.org/stream/gri_33125009339611#page/n73/mode/1up 44]</ref> but in 1838, when [[Edward Robinson (scholar)|Edward Robinson]] passed, the former church had become a mosque.<ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 1, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearc01smitgoog#page/n353/mode/1up 321]</ref><ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 2, |
Around 1740, [[Richard Pococke]] still noted it as a Greek convent,<ref>Pococke, 1745, p. [https://archive.org/stream/gri_33125009339611#page/n73/mode/1up 44]</ref> but in 1838, when [[Edward Robinson (scholar)|Edward Robinson]] passed, the former church had become a mosque.<ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 1, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearc01smitgoog#page/n353/mode/1up 321]</ref><ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 2, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearc00smitgoog#page/n346/mode/1up 324]-5</ref> |
||
In 1863, |
In 1863, [[Victor Guérin]] noted "As for the convent or Deir el-Khadher, it is not very considerable and does not seem so old. It is administered by a single religious Greek, assisted by two brothers and a few servants. A small number of narrow cells are reserved for foreigners. A solid, iron-clad door gives access to the interior of the cloister."<ref>Guérin, 1869, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr06gugoog#page/n323/mode/1up 310]-312</ref> |
||
During the late 19th century, part of the convent were used for the mentally ill.<ref>Socin, 1879, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/149/mode/1up 149]</ref><ref>Baldensperger, 1906, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme38pale#page/196/mode/1up 196]-197</ref> |
|||
⚫ |
The modern |
||
⚫ | The modern church was built in 1912 but the remains of the [[chapel]] date back to the 16th century. The edifice has an Eastern Orthodox interior, and the [[dome]] contains a portrait of [[Christ Pantocrator]].<ref>[http://www.thisweekinpalestine.com/details.php?id=2202&ed=143&edid=143 El-Khader - Bethlehem] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724165317/http://www.thisweekinpalestine.com/details.php?id=2202&ed=143&edid=143 |date=2011-07-24 }} This Week in Palestine</ref> |
||
⚫ |
Since the priest in al-Khader was the only Christian inhabitant of the town, Saint George's Monastery attracted al-Khader's [[Muslim]]s. During the [[Feast of Saint George (Palestine)|Feast of Saint George]] in early June, the bridle of Saint George's horse would pass over the bodies of visitors to prevent or cure any mental illness, for which Saint George was renowned |
||
===Modern era=== |
|||
⚫ | Since the priest in al-Khader was the only Christian inhabitant of the town, Saint George's Monastery attracted al-Khader's [[Muslim]]s. During the [[Feast of Saint George (Palestine)|Feast of Saint George]] in early June, the bridle of Saint George's horse would pass over the bodies of visitors to prevent or cure any mental illness, for which Saint George was renowned.<ref>[http://www.bethlehem.ps/religious_sites/sites/st_george.php St. George's Monastery]{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Centre for the Preservation of Culture and History.</ref> |
||
==Gallery== |
==Gallery== |
||
Line 47: | Line 91: | ||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
* [[Saint George: Devotions, traditions and prayers]] |
* [[Saint George: Devotions, traditions and prayers]] |
||
* [[St |
* [[St George's Church (disambiguation)]] |
||
* [[Feast of Saint George (Palestine)]] |
|||
* [[St. George's Monastery, Wadi Qelt]] |
|||
* [[ |
* [[Saint George (disambiguation)]] |
||
* [[Church of Saint George (Tulkarm)]] |
|||
* [[Dome of Al-Khidr]] |
|||
* [[Church of Saint George and Mosque of Al-Khadr]] |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{reflist|25em}} |
{{reflist|25em}} |
||
==Bibliography== |
==Bibliography== |
||
{{refbegin}} |
{{refbegin}} |
||
*{{cite journal | author = Baldensperger, Philip J. | title = The immovable east |journal= Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund | volume = 38 | pages = 102 190 | url =https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme38pale | year = 1906}} |
|||
*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=Claude Reignier|authorlink1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H. H.|authorlink2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1883|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp03conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=3}} |
|||
*{{cite book| |
*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H. H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1883|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp03conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=3}} |
||
*{{cite book|last= |
*{{cite book|last=Fabri|first=F.|author-link=Felix Fabri|year=1893|url=https://archive.org/details/libraryofpalesti09paleuoft |title= Felix Fabri (circa 1480–1483 A.D.) vol II, part I| publisher= [[Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society]]}} |
||
*{{cite book|last= |
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr06gugoog|volume=1: Judee, pt. 3|year=1869|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}} |
||
*{{cite book|last=Pococke|first=R.|author-link=Richard Pococke|year=1745|url=https://archive.org/details/gri_33125009339611 |title=A description of the East, and some other countries|volume=2|location=London |publisher=Printed for the author, by W. Bowyer}} |
|||
⚫ |
*{{cite book|title= The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A-K (excluding Acre and Jerusalem)| volume =I |url= |
||
*{{cite book| |
*{{cite book|last=Poloner|first=John|year=1894|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534398|title=John Poloner's description of the Holy Land (ca.A.D. 1421)|publisher=[[Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society]] }} |
||
⚫ | *{{cite book|title= The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A-K (excluding Acre and Jerusalem)| volume =I |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BgQ6AAAAIAAJ|first =D.|last =Pringle|author-link=Denys Pringle|year=1993|isbn=0-521-39036-2 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}} |
||
⚫ |
*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1= |
||
*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc01smitgoog|title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838| location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=1}} |
|||
⚫ | *{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838| location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=2}} |
||
*{{cite journal | last = Socin | first =A.| author-link = Albert Socin | title = Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 2 | pages = 135–163 | url = https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut | year = 1879}} |
|||
{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
||
{{Orthodox-church-stub}} |
|||
{{Palestine-church-stub}} |
|||
{{christian-monastery-stub}} |
|||
==External links== |
|||
⚫ |
{{coord|31|42|13|N|35| |
||
* Survey of Western Palestine, Map 17: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8379 IAA], [[:File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.17.jpg|Wikimedia commons]] |
|||
{{Religious Sites in the Palestinian Authority|state=expanded}} |
|||
{{Bethlehem Governorate}} |
|||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint George's Monastery, al-Khader}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint George's Monastery, al-Khader}} |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Greek Orthodox monasteries in the State of Palestine]] |
||
[[Category:Religious buildings completed in 1912]] |
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1912]] |
||
[[Category:Christian monasteries in the West Bank]] |
[[Category:Christian monasteries in the West Bank]] |
||
[[Category:Al-Khader]] |
[[Category:Al-Khader]] |
Church of Saint George in Al-Khader | |
---|---|
دير وكنيسة القديس جاورجيوس
| |
![]()
Church of St George in Al-Khader
| |
Religion | |
Affiliation | Eastern Christian monasticism |
Location | |
Location | al-Khader, West Bank, Palestine |
Country | ![]() |
Palestine grid | 1654/1235 |
Geographic coordinates | 31°42′13″N 35°09′41″E / 31.70361°N 35.16139°E / 31.70361; 35.16139 |
The Monastery and Church of Saint George in Al-Khader (Arabic: دير وكنيسة القديس جاورجيوس)[1] is an Eastern Orthodox Christian religious site in the Palestinian town of al-Khader, near Beit Jala and Bethlehem, in the central West Bank of the State of Palestine. The town of Al-Khader is named after Saint George, who in Arab culture is known as "al-Khadr"; the church is considered to be the most important sanctuary to al-Khadr in Palestine.[2]
According to local tradition, Saint George was imprisoned in the town of al-Khader, where the current church stands. The chains holding him were relics that were said to hold healing power.[3]
In the thirteenth century, an anonymous Greek text noted: ‘After Bait Jala, there is to be seen the church of the Great George; and in it is kept the chain that was laid on his back’.[4]
Around 1421/1422 the Church of St. George was mentioned by Western traveler John Poloner as situated on a hill near Bethlehem.[5][6] In 1480 Felix Fabri noted: "At the side of this church there was once a great and fair monastery of Greek monks, but now it has been laid in ruins, and their remains only a little hovel, leaning against the church, wherein two Greek monks dwell."[7]
Around 1740, Richard Pococke still noted it as a Greek convent,[8] but in 1838, when Edward Robinson passed, the former church had become a mosque.[9][10]
In 1863, Victor Guérin noted "As for the convent or Deir el-Khadher, it is not very considerable and does not seem so old. It is administered by a single religious Greek, assisted by two brothers and a few servants. A small number of narrow cells are reserved for foreigners. A solid, iron-clad door gives access to the interior of the cloister."[11]
During the late 19th century, part of the convent were used for the mentally ill.[12][13]
The modern church was built in 1912 but the remains of the chapel date back to the 16th century. The edifice has an Eastern Orthodox interior, and the dome contains a portrait of Christ Pantocrator.[14]
Since the priest in al-Khader was the only Christian inhabitant of the town, Saint George's Monastery attracted al-Khader's Muslims. During the Feast of Saint George in early June, the bridle of Saint George's horse would pass over the bodies of visitors to prevent or cure any mental illness, for which Saint George was renowned.[15]
Religious sites under the Palestinian Authority
| ||
---|---|---|
Bethlehem Governorate |
| |
Hebron Governorate |
| |
Jenin Governorate |
| |
Jericho Governorate |
| |
Jerusalem Governorate |
| |
Nablus Governorate |
| |
Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate |
| |
Salfit Governorate |
| |
Tulkarm Governorate |
| |
Gaza Governorate |
| |
† Access to the site is controlled by Israel. |
| ||
---|---|---|
Cities |
| |
Municipalities |
| |
Villages |
| |
Religion |
| |
Refugee camps |
| |
Other |
|