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===Saltiness=== |
===Saltiness=== |
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{{Redirect|Saltiness|saltiness in water|Salinity}} |
{{Redirect|Saltiness|saltiness in water|Salinity}} |
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Saltiness taste seems to have two components: a low-salt signal and a high-salt signal. The low-salt signal causes a sensation of deliciousness, while the high-salt signal typically causes the sensation of "too salty".<ref name=Taruno2023>{{cite journal |last1=Taruno |first1=Akiyuki |last2=Gordon |first2=Michael D. |title=Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Salt Taste |journal=Annual Review of Physiology |date=10 February 2023 |volume=85 |issue=1 |pages=25–45 |doi=10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-075853 |
Saltiness taste seems to have two components: a low-salt signal and a high-salt signal. The low-salt signal causes a sensation of deliciousness, while the high-salt signal typically causes the sensation of "too salty".<ref name=Taruno2023>{{cite journal |last1=Taruno |first1=Akiyuki |last2=Gordon |first2=Michael D. |title=Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Salt Taste |journal=Annual Review of Physiology |date=10 February 2023 |volume=85 |issue=1 |pages=25–45 |doi=10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-075853 |doi-access=free}}<br>{{cite web |last1=Elahi |first1=Tasnuva |title=Salt Taste Is Surprisingly Mysterious |url=https://nautil.us/salt-taste-is-surprisingly-mysterious-382855/ |website=Nautilus |date=15 September 2023}}</ref> |
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The low-salt signal is understood to be caused by the [[epithelial sodium channel]] (ENaC), which is composed of three subunits. ENaC in the taste cells allow sodium [[cation]]s to enter the cell. This on its own depolarizes the cell, and opens [[voltage-dependent calcium channel]]s, flooding the cell with positive calcium ions and leading to [[neurotransmitter]] release. ENaC can be blocked by the drug [[amiloride]] in many mammals, especially rats. The sensitivity of the low-salt taste to amiloride in humans is much less pronounced, leading to conjecture that there may be additional low-salt receptors besides ENaC to be discovered.<ref name=Taruno2023/> |
The low-salt signal is understood to be caused by the [[epithelial sodium channel]] (ENaC), which is composed of three subunits. ENaC in the taste cells allow sodium [[cation]]s to enter the cell. This on its own depolarizes the cell, and opens [[voltage-dependent calcium channel]]s, flooding the cell with positive calcium ions and leading to [[neurotransmitter]] release. ENaC can be blocked by the drug [[amiloride]] in many mammals, especially rats. The sensitivity of the low-salt taste to amiloride in humans is much less pronounced, leading to conjecture that there may be additional low-salt receptors besides ENaC to be discovered.<ref name=Taruno2023/> |
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