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[[File:SleepReconstruction.png|thumb|A possible plate tectonic explanation for the northern lowlands. The Boreal plate is shown in yellow. Trenches are shown by toothed lines, ridges by double lines, and transform faults by single lines, modified from Sleep, 1994.<ref name="Sleep" />]] |
[[File:SleepReconstruction.png|thumb|A possible plate tectonic explanation for the northern lowlands. The Boreal plate is shown in yellow. Trenches are shown by toothed lines, ridges by double lines, and transform faults by single lines, modified from Sleep, 1994.<ref name="Sleep" />]] |
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Endogenic hypotheses include the possibility of a very early plate tectonic phase on Mars.<ref name="Sleep">{{cite journal|last1=Sleep|first1=N. H.|title=Martian Plate Tectonics|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets|date=1994|volume=99|issue=E3|pages=5639–5655|doi=10.1029/94JE00216|bibcode=1994JGR....99.5639S |
Endogenic hypotheses include the possibility of a very early plate tectonic phase on Mars.<ref name="Sleep">{{cite journal|last1=Sleep|first1=N. H.|title=Martian Plate Tectonics|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets|date=1994|volume=99|issue=E3|pages=5639–5655|doi=10.1029/94JE00216|bibcode=1994JGR....99.5639S}}</ref> Such a scenario suggests that the northern hemispheric crust is a relic oceanic plate. In the preferred reconstruction, a spreading center extended north of [[Terra Cimmeria]] between [[Daedalia Planum]] and [[Isidis Planitia]]. As spreading progressed, the Boreal plate broke into the Acidalia plate with south-dipping subducting beneath [[Arabia Terra]], and the Ulysses plate with east-dipping subducting beneath [[Tempe Terra]] and [[Tharsis Montes]]. According to this reconstruction, the northern plains would have been generated by a single spreading ridge, with Tharsis Montes qualifying as an [[island arc]].<ref name="Vita" /> However, subsequent investigations of this model show a general lack of evidence for tectonism and volcanism in areas where such activity was initially predicted.<ref name="Pruis">{{cite journal|last1=Pruis|first1=M. J.|last2=Tanaka|first2=K. L.|title=The Martian northern plains did not result from plate tectonics|journal=Lunar and Planetary Institute|date=1995|pages=1147–1148|url=http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc1995/pdf/1574.pdf}}</ref> |
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Another endogenic process used to explain the hemispheric dichotomy is that of primary crustal [[Fractional crystallisation (geology)|fractionation]].<ref name="Halliday">{{cite journal|last1=Halliday|first1=A. N.| authorlink1 = A. N. Halliday |last2=Lee|first2=Der-Chuen|title=Core Formation on Mars and Differentiated Asteroids|journal=Science|date=1997|volume=388|issue=6645|pages=854–857|doi=10.1038/42206|hdl=2027.42/62720|s2cid=205030294|hdl-access=free}}</ref> This process would have been associated with the formation of the Martian [[Planetary core|core]], which took place immediately after planetary accretion. Nevertheless, such an early origin of the hemispheric dichotomy is challenged by the fact that only minor magnetic anomalies have been detected in the northern plains.<ref name="Golombek" /> |
Another endogenic process used to explain the hemispheric dichotomy is that of primary crustal [[Fractional crystallisation (geology)|fractionation]].<ref name="Halliday">{{cite journal|last1=Halliday|first1=A. N.| authorlink1 = A. N. Halliday |last2=Lee|first2=Der-Chuen|title=Core Formation on Mars and Differentiated Asteroids|journal=Science|date=1997|volume=388|issue=6645|pages=854–857|doi=10.1038/42206|hdl=2027.42/62720|s2cid=205030294|hdl-access=free}}</ref> This process would have been associated with the formation of the Martian [[Planetary core|core]], which took place immediately after planetary accretion. Nevertheless, such an early origin of the hemispheric dichotomy is challenged by the fact that only minor magnetic anomalies have been detected in the northern plains.<ref name="Golombek" /> |
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