Jump to content

Main menu Navigation ●Main page ●Contents ●Current events ●Random article ●About Wikipedia ●Contact us ●Donate Contribute ●Help ●Learn to edit ●Community portal ●Recent changes ●Upload file

●Create account ●Log in ●Create account ● Log in Pages for logged out editors learn more ●Contributions ●Talk

Editing The Ballot or the Bullet

●Article ●Talk ●Read ●Edit ●View history Tools Actions ●Read ●Edit ●View history General ●What links here ●Related changes ●Upload file ●Special pages ●Page information ●Get shortened URL ●Download QR code ●Wikidata item Appearance

You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log inorcreate an account, your edits will be attributed to a username, among other benefits.

Content that violates any copyrights will be deleted. Encyclopedic content must be verifiable through citations to reliable sources.

You are about to undo an edit. Please check the comparison below to verify that this is what you want to do, then publish the changes below to finish undoing the edit.

If you are undoing an edit that is not vandalism, explain the reason in the edit summary. Do not use the default message only.

{{Short description|1964 public speech by Malcolm X}}
[[File:Malcolm X NYWTS 2a.jpg|right|thumb|Malcolm X, March 1964]]
{{listen |filename=MALCOLM_X-_THE_BALLOT_OR_THE_BULLET_April_12_1964_.ogg |title=Clip from "The Ballot or the Bullet" |description=The first 45 seconds of "The Ballot or the Bullet" as given April 12, 1964 in Detroit }}
"'''The Ballot or the Bullet'''" is the title of a [[public speaking|public speech]] by [[human rights]] activist [[Malcolm X]]. In the speech, which was delivered on two occasions the first being April 3, 1964, at the Cory Methodist Church in [[Cleveland]], Ohio,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malcolm X: The Ballot or the Bullet |url=http://www.edchange.org/multicultural/speeches/malcolm_x_ballot.html |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=www.edchange.org}}</ref> and the second being on April 12, 1964, at the King Solomon Baptist Church, in [[Detroit]], Michigan,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malcolm X, "The Ballot or the Bullet," April 12, 1964 |url=https://live-bri-dos.pantheonsite.io/activities/malcolm-x-the-ballot-or-the-bullet-april-12-1964/ |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=Bill of Rights Institute |language=en}}</ref> Malcolm X advised [[African Americans]] to judiciously exercise their right to vote, but he cautioned that if the government continued to prevent African Americans from attaining full equality, it might be necessary for them to take up arms. It was ranked 7th in the top 100 American speeches of the 20th century by 137 leading scholars of American public address.<ref>{{cite web |first=Barbara |last=Wolff |url=http://news.wisc.edu/i-have-a-dream-leads-top-100-speeches-of-the-century/ |title='I Have a Dream' leads top 100 speeches of the century |access-date=April 17, 2016 |date=December 15, 1999 |publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.wisc.edu/archive/misc/speeches/ |title=Top 100 American speeches of the 20th century |access-date=April 17, 2016 |date=December 15, 1999 |publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison }}</ref>

==Background==

===Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam===
On March 8, 1964, Malcolm X announced his separation from the [[Nation of Islam]], a [[Black nationalism|black nationalist]] religious organization for which he had been the spokesman for nearly a decade.<ref name="Perry249">Perry, p. 249.</ref> The Nation of Islam, which advocated on behalf of African Americans, had significant disagreements with the [[Civil Rights Movement]]. Whereas the Civil Rights Movement advocated on behalf of [[Racial integration|integration]] and against [[Racial segregation in the United States|segregation]], the Nation of Islam favored [[Black separatism|separatism]]. One of the goals of the Civil Rights Movement was to end [[Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era|disenfranchisement]] of African Americans, but the Nation of Islam forbade its members from participating in the political process.<ref name="Natambu260">Natambu, p. 260.</ref>

When he left the Nation of Islam, Malcolm declared his willingness to cooperate with the Civil Rights Movement.<ref name="Perry249" /> He reassured leaders of the Civil Rights Movement that "I've forgotten everything bad that [they] have said about me, and I pray they can also forget the many bad things I've said about them."<ref>''Malcolm X Speaks'', p. 20.</ref>

===The Civil Rights Act of 1964===
{{details|Civil Rights Act of 1964}}
In June 1963, President [[John F. Kennedy]] sent [[United States Congress|Congress]] a civil rights bill. The bill proposed a ban on discrimination based on race, religion, sex, or national origin in jobs and public accommodations. [[Southern Democrats]] (sometimes called Dixiecrats, though the term is ambiguous and more properly refers to [[Dixiecrats|a short-lived separate political party]]), blocked the bill from consideration by the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]].  The [[Democratic Party (United States)#20th century|Democratic Party of that era]] was considerably less [[Progressivism in the United States#In the 21st century|progressive]] (especially in the South) than it is today.

After Kennedy's assassination in November 1963, President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] threw his support behind the civil rights bill. The bill was passed by the House on February 10, 1964, and sent to the [[United States Senate|Senate]] for consideration. Southern Democrats had promised to oppose the bill.

==The speech==
Malcolm X began his speech by acknowledging that he was still a Muslim, but he quickly added that he didn't intend to discuss religion or any other issues that divide African Americans. Instead, he was going to emphasize the common experience of African Americans of all faiths:<ref name="Speaks24">''Malcolm X Speaks'', p. 24.</ref>
{{quote|1=It's time for us to submerge our differences and realize that it is best for us to first see that we have the same problem, a common problem — a problem that will make you catch hell whether you're a Baptist, or a Methodist, or a Muslim, or a nationalist. Whether you're educated or illiterate, whether you live on the boulevard or in the alley, you're going to catch hell just like I am.}}

===The ballot===
Malcolm X noted that 1964 was an election year, a year "when all of the white political crooks will be right back in your and my community ... with their false promises which they don't intend to keep".<ref name="Speaks25">''Malcolm X Speaks'', p. 25.</ref> He said that President Johnson and the Democratic Party claimed to support the civil rights bill, and the Democrats controlled both the House of Representatives and the Senate, but they had not taken genuine action to pass the bill. Instead, he said, the Democrats blamed the Dixiecrats, who were "nothing but Democrat[s] in disguise". He accused the Democrats of playing a "political con game", with African Americans as its victims.<ref>''Malcolm X Speaks'', p. 28.</ref>

Malcolm said that African Americans were becoming "politically mature" and recognizing that, through unity and nonalignment, they could be the [[swing vote]] in the coming elections and elect candidates who would be attentive to their concerns:<ref name="Speaks26">''Malcolm X Speaks'', p. 26.</ref>
{{quote|1=What does this mean? It means that when white people are evenly divided, and Black people have a bloc of votes of their own, it is left up to them to determine who's going to sit in the White House and who's going to be in the dog house.}}

Malcolm described how potent a weapon the ballot could be, if it was exercised with care:<ref name="Speaks38">''Malcolm X Speaks'', p. 38.</ref>
{{quote|1=A ballot is like a bullet. You don't throw your ballots until you see a target, and if that target is not within your reach, keep your ballot in your pocket.}}

===The government===
Although he advocated exercising the ballot, Malcolm X expressed skepticism that voting would bring about full equality for African Americans. The government, he said, "is responsible for the oppression and exploitation and degradation of Black people in this country.... This government has failed the Negro".<ref name="Speaks31">''Malcolm X Speaks'', p. 31.</ref>

According to Malcolm, one of the ways in which the government had "failed the Negro" was its unwillingness to enforce the law. He pointed out that the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] had outlawed segregation<ref name="Speaks33">''Malcolm X Speaks'', p. 33.</ref> (in cases such as ''[[Smith v. Allwright]]'' in 1944, ''[[Sweatt v. Painter]]'' and ''[[McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents]]'' in 1950, ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'' in 1954, and ''[[Boynton v. Virginia]]'' in 1960):
{{quote|1=Whenever you are going after something that is yours, you are within your legal rights to lay claim to it. And anyone who puts forth any effort to deprive you of that which is yours, is breaking the law, is a criminal. And this was pointed out by the Supreme Court decision. It outlawed segregation. Which means a segregationist is breaking the law.}}

But, he said, the police department and local government often sided with segregationists against the Civil Rights Movement.<ref name="Speaks33" />

Malcolm said that relying on the federal government to force local governments to obey civil rights laws was futile. "When you take your case to Washington, D.C., you're taking it to the criminal who's responsible; it's like running from the wolf to the fox. They're all in cahoots together".<ref name="Speaks35">''Malcolm X Speaks'', p. 35.</ref>

===Human rights===
The proper solution, Malcolm X said, was to elevate the struggle of African Americans from one of [[civil rights]] to one of [[human rights]]. A fight for civil rights was a domestic matter, and "no one from the outside world can speak out in your behalf as long as your struggle is a civil-rights struggle".<ref name="Speaks34">''Malcolm X Speaks'', p. 34.</ref>

Malcolm said that changing the fight for African American equality to a human rights issue changed it from a domestic problem to an international matter that could be heard by the [[United Nations]]. He contrasted civil rights, which he described as "asking Uncle Sam to treat you right", to human rights, which he called "your God-given rights" and "the rights that are recognized by all nations of this earth".<ref name="Speaks35" /> He said that the people of the [[Developing country|developing world]] were "sitting there waiting to throw their weight on our side" if the fight for civil rights were expanded into a human rights struggle.<ref name="Speaks35" />

===Black nationalism===
Malcolm X described his continued commitment to [[black nationalism]], which he defined as the philosophy that African Americans should govern their own communities. He said that Black nationalists believe that African Americans should control the politics and the economy in their communities and that they need to remove the vices, such as alcoholism and drug addiction, that afflict their communities.<ref>''Malcolm X Speaks'', pp. 38–39.</ref>

Malcolm said that the philosophy of Black nationalism was being taught in the major civil rights organizations, including the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People|NAACP]], [[Congress of Racial Equality|CORE]], and [[Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee|SNCC]].<ref name="Speaks38" />

Black nationalism was characterized by its political, social, and economic philosophies. The political philosophy is self-government. The local governments of the African American communities should be managed by African Americans. African Americans should be "re-educated into the science of politics" in order to understand the importance and effect of the vote they cast:<ref name="Speaks38" />
{{quote|1=Don't be throwing out any ballots. A ballot is like a bullet. You don't throw your ballots until you see a target, and if that target is not within your reach, keep your ballot in your pocket.}}
 
The economic philosophy of black nationalism promotes African American control of the economy of the African American community. In frequenting stores not owned by an African American, the money is given to another community. The dollar is taken from the African American community and given to outsiders. In doing so, the African American community loses money and becomes poorer while the community the dollar was given to gains money and becomes richer. Therefore, stores in the African American community should be run by African Americans:<ref name="Speaks39">''Malcolm X Speaks'', p. 39.</ref>
{{quote|1=Then you wonder why where you live is always a ghetto or a slum area. And where you and I are concerned, not only do we lose it when we spend it out of the community, but the white man has got all our stores in the community tied up; so that though we spend it in the community, at sundown the man who runs the store takes it over across town somewhere.}}
 
The social philosophy of black nationalism advocates for reform of the community and reconstruction of it so it is more welcoming:<ref name="Speaks39" />
{{quote|1=We ourselves have to lift the level of our community to a higher level, make our own society beautiful so that we will be satisfied in our own circles and won't be running around here try to knock our way into a social circle where we're not wanted.}}
 
Most of all, Malcolm promoted unity:<ref name="Speaks40">''Malcolm X Speaks'', p. 40.</ref>
{{quote|1=We've got to change our own minds about each other. We have to see each other with new eyes. We have to see each other as brothers and sisters. We have to come together with warmth so we can develop unity and harmony that's necessary to get this problem solved ourselves.}}

===Self-defense===
Malcolm X addressed the issue of "rifles and shotguns", a controversy that had dogged him since his March 8 announcement that he had left the Nation of Islam.<ref>Cone, pp. 195–196. At his press conference, Malcolm X said that "in areas where our people are the constant victims of brutality, and the government seems unable or unwilling to protect them, we should form rifle clubs that can be used to defend our lives and our property in times of emergency". ''Malcolm X Speaks'', p. 22.</ref> He reiterated his position that if the government is "unwilling or unable to defend the lives and the property of Negroes", African Americans should defend themselves.<ref name="Speaks43">''Malcolm X Speaks'', p. 43.</ref> He advised his listeners to be mindful of the law — "This doesn't mean you're going to get a rifle and form battalions and go out looking for white folks ... that would be illegal and we don't do anything illegal" — but he said that if white people didn't want African Americans to arm themselves, the government should do its job.<ref name="Speaks43" />

===The bullet===
Malcolm X referred to "the type of Black man on the scene in America today [who] doesn't intend to turn the other cheek any longer",<ref name="Speaks25" /> and warned that if politicians failed to keep their promises to African Americans, they made violence inevitable:<ref name="Speaks30">''Malcolm X Speaks'', p. 30.</ref>
{{quote|1=It's time now for you and me to become more politically mature and realize what the ballot is for; what we're supposed to get when we cast a ballot; and that if we don't cast a ballot, it's going to end up in a situation where we're going to have to cast a bullet. It's either a ballot or a bullet.}}

Malcolm predicted that if the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964|civil rights bill]] wasn't passed, there would be a march on Washington in 1964. Unlike the 1963 [[March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom|March on Washington]], which was peaceful and integrated, the 1964 march Malcolm described would be an all-Black "non-nonviolent army" with one-way tickets.<ref name="Speaks44">''Malcolm X Speaks'', p. 44.</ref>

But, Malcolm said, there was still time to prevent this situation from developing:<ref name="Speaks44" />
{{quote|1=Lyndon B. Johnson is the head of the Democratic Party. If he's for civil rights, let him go into the Senate next week and&nbsp;... denounce the Southern branch of his party. Let him go in there right now and take a moral stand — right now, not later. Tell him, don't wait until election time. If he waits too long&nbsp;... he will be responsible for letting a condition develop in this country which will create a climate that will bring seeds up out of the ground with vegetation on the end of them looking like something these people never dreamed of. In 1964, it's the ballot or the bullet.}}

==Analysis==
"The Ballot or the Bullet" served several purposes at a critical point in Malcolm X's life: it was part of his effort to distance himself from the Nation of Islam, and it was intended to reach out to moderate civil rights leaders. At the same time, the speech indicated that Malcolm still supported Black nationalism and self-defense and thus had not made a complete break with his past. "The Ballot or the Bullet" also marked a notable shift in Malcolm X's rhetoric, as he presented previously undiscussed ways of looking at the relationship between blacks and whites.

===Separation from the Nation of Islam===
In its advocacy of voting, "The Ballot or the Bullet" presented ideas opposite to those of the Nation of Islam, which forbade its members from participating in the political process.<ref name="Natambu260" />

Malcolm also chose not to discuss the religious differences that divide Muslims and Christians, a common theme of his speeches when he was the spokesman for the Nation of Islam. In "The Ballot or the Bullet", Malcolm chose not to discuss religion but rather to stress the experiences common to African Americans of all backgrounds.<ref name="Cone194">Cone, p. 194.</ref>

===Black nationalism===
When Malcolm X spoke of "the type of Black man on the scene in America today [who] doesn't intend to turn the other cheek any longer",<ref name="Speaks25" /> he was addressing his followers, people who were not advocates of the non-violent approach generally favored by the Civil Rights Movement. Likewise, by stating his continued commitment to Black nationalism, Malcolm reassured his followers that he had not made a complete break with his past.<ref>Cone, pp. 194–195.</ref>

One biographer notes that Malcolm was one of the first African American leaders to note the existence and growing influence of Black nationalism among young civil rights activists.<ref>Natambu, pp. 302–303.</ref>

===Rhetoric===
"The Ballot or the Bullet" further indicates a shift in Malcolm X's rhetoric, as his separation from the Nation of Islam and new, unfettered public activism prompted a change in the ways he addressed his audience. Malcolm X maintained his use of repetition as "communications of the passion that is satisfied by a single statement, but that beats through the pulses",<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Rhetoric of Malcolm X |first=John |last=Illo |url=http://www.bookrags.com/criticism/malcolm-x-19251965/3/#gsc.tab=0 |journal=Columbia University Forum |date=Spring 1966 |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=5–12 |access-date=April 17, 2016 }}</ref> and this can be exemplified by his consistent use of the phrase "the ballot or the bullet". In addition, Malcolm X intended his characteristic use of language and imagery to disguise his conceptions of society and history<ref>{{cite journal |title=Malcolm X and the Limits of the Rhetoric of Revolutionary Dissent |last1=Condit |first1=Celeste Michelle |last2 = Lucaites|first2 = John Louis|author-link2=John Lucaites |date=March 1993 |journal=Journal of Black Studies |volume=23 |issue=3 |jstor=2784569 |pages=291–313| doi=10.1177/002193479302300301 |citeseerx=10.1.1.1032.9219 |s2cid=144815601 }}</ref> in new ways to put issues into his perspective for his audience and inspire activism. The most significant modification of Malcolm X's rhetoric that can be observed in "The Ballot or the Bullet" is the broadening of his audience, as he "emphasizes individualized judgement rather than group cohesion"<ref>{{cite journal |title=Protest, Prophecy, and Prudence in the Rhetoric of Malcolm X |last=Terrill |first=Robert E. |date=Spring 2001 |journal=Rhetoric and Public Affairs |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=38 |jstor=41939649 |doi=10.1353/rap.2001.0016 |s2cid=144678527 }}</ref> and allows for more analytical "flexibility restrained by a purposive focus on particular goals."<ref>{{cite journal |title=Protest, Prophecy, and Prudence in the Rhetoric of Malcolm X |last=Terrill |page=40 }}</ref> These changes expanded his appeal, therefore expanding his audience, illustrating his ability to use the freedom he found after separating from the Nation of Islam to his advantage in advancing himself as a member of the Civil Rights Movement.

==References==

===Footnotes===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources cited===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |last=Cone |first=James H. |author-link=James H. Cone |title=Martin & Malcolm & America: A Dream or a Nightmare |date=1991 |publisher=Orbis Books |location=Maryknoll, N.Y. |isbn=978-0-88344-721-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/martinmalcolmame00jame }}
* {{cite book |author=Malcolm X |others=[[George Breitman]], ed |title=Malcolm X Speaks: Selected Speeches and Statements |orig-year=1965 |date=1990 |publisher=Grove Weidenfeld |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8021-3213-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/malcolmxspeaksse00xmal }}
* {{cite book |last=Marable |first=Manning |author-link=Manning Marable |title=Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention |location=New York |publisher=Viking |date=2011 |isbn=978-0-670-02220-5 |title-link=Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention }}
* {{cite book |last=Natambu |first=Kofi |title=The Life and Work of Malcolm X |date=2002 |publisher=Alpha Books |location=Indianapolis |isbn=978-0-02-864218-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeworkofmalcol0000nata }}
* {{cite book |last=Perry |first=Bruce |title=Malcolm: The Life of a Man Who Changed Black America |date=1991 |publisher=Station Hill |location=Barrytown, N.Y. |isbn=978-0-88268-103-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/malcolmlifeofman00perr }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Portal|United States}}
*[https://genius.com/Malcolm-x-the-ballot-or-the-bullet-annotated Annotated entire speech by Malcolm-X, The Ballot or the Bullet], King Solomon Baptist Church, Detroit, April 12, 1964

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ballot Or The Bullet}}
[[Category:Speeches by Malcolm X]]
[[Category:1964 in politics]]
[[Category:1964 speeches]]

Edit summary (Briefly describe your changes)

By publishing changes, you agree to the Terms of Use, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the CC BY-SA 4.0 License and the GFDL. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.

Cancel Editing help (opens in new window)

Copy and paste: – — ° ′ ″ ≈ ≠ ≤ ≥ ± − × ÷ ← → · § Cite your sources: <ref></ref>

{{}} {{{}}} | [] [[]] [[Category:]] #REDIRECT [[]]   <s></s> <code></code> <pre></pre> <blockquote></blockquote> <ref></ref> <ref name="" /> {{Reflist}} <references /> <includeonly></includeonly> <noinclude></noinclude> {{DEFAULTSORT:}} <nowiki></nowiki>

Symbols: ~ | ¡ ¿ † ‡ ↔ ↑ ↓ • ¶ # ∞ ‹› «» ¤ ₳ ฿ ₵ ¢ ₡ ₢ $ ₫ ₯ € ₠ ₣ ƒ ₴ ₭ ₤ ℳ ₥ ₦ № ₧ ₰ £ ៛ ₨ ₪ ৳ ₮ ₩ ¥ ♠ ♣ ♥ ♦ 𝄫 ♭ ♮ ♯ 𝄪 © ® ™
Latin: A a Á á À à Â â Ä ä Ǎ ǎ Ă ă Ā ā Ã ã Å å Ą ą Æ æ Ǣ ǣ B b C c Ć ć Ċ ċ Ĉ ĉ Č č Ç ç D d Ď ď Đ đ Ḍ ḍ Ð ð E e É é È è Ė ė Ê ê Ë ë Ě ě Ĕ ĕ Ē ē Ẽ ẽ Ę ę Ẹ ẹ Ɛ ɛ Ǝ ǝ Ə ə F f G g Ġ ġ Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ģ ģ H h Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ḥ ḥ I i İ ı Í í Ì ì Î î Ï ï Ǐ ǐ Ĭ ĭ Ī ī Ĩ ĩ Į į Ị ị J j Ĵ ĵ K k Ķ ķ L l Ĺ ĺ Ŀ ŀ Ľ ľ Ļ ļ Ł ł Ḷ ḷ Ḹ ḹ M m Ṃ ṃ N n Ń ń Ň ň Ñ ñ Ņ ņ Ṇ ṇ Ŋ ŋ O o Ó ó Ò ò Ô ô Ö ö Ǒ ǒ Ŏ ŏ Ō ō Õ õ Ǫ ǫ Ọ ọ Ő ő Ø ø Œ œ Ɔ ɔ P p Q q R r Ŕ ŕ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ S s Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Š š Ş ş Ș ș Ṣ ṣ ß T t Ť ť Ţ ţ Ț ț Ṭ ṭ Þ þ U u Ú ú Ù ù Û û Ü ü Ǔ ǔ Ŭ ŭ Ū ū Ũ ũ Ů ů Ų ų Ụ ụ Ű ű Ǘ ǘ Ǜ ǜ Ǚ ǚ Ǖ ǖ V v W w Ŵ ŵ X x Y y Ý ý Ŷ ŷ Ÿ ÿ Ỹ ỹ Ȳ ȳ Z z Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž ß Ð ð Þ þ Ŋ ŋ Ə ə
Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я ́
IPA: t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ ʡ ʔ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ ɦ ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ ʙ ⱱ ʀ ɾ ɽ ɫ ɬ ɮ ɺ ɭ ʎ ʟ ɥ ʍ ɧ ʼ ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ɨ ʉ ɯ ɪ ʏ ʊ ø ɘ ɵ ɤ ə ɚ ɛ œ ɜ ɝ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ ʰ ʱ ʷ ʲ ˠ ˤ ⁿ ˡ ˈ ˌ ː ˑ ̪ {{IPA|}}

Wikidata entities used in this page

The Ballot or the Bullet: Sitelink, Title, Some statements, Miscellaneous (e.g. aliases, entity existence), Description: en

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

The Ballot or the Bullet (edit)
Template:Abbr (view source) (protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Blockquote (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Blockquote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite journal (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Details (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Further (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Listen (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:Malcolm X (edit)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Plainlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Quote (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Refbegin (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Refbegin/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Refend (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:File link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Labelled list hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Listen (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Listen/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/rfd (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/u (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

This page is a member of 5 hidden categories (help):

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ballot_or_the_Bullet" ●Privacy policy ●About Wikipedia ●Disclaimers ●Contact Wikipedia ●Code of Conduct ●Developers ●Statistics ●Cookie statement ●Mobile view