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⚫ | {{distinguish|text=the Latin letters [[U]] or [[Y]], the Greek letters [[Upsilon|Υ (upsilon)]] or [[Gamma|γ (gamma)]], or the Cyrillic letter [[Ү|Ү (ue)]]}} |
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{{ |
{{More citations needed|date=February 2007}} |
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{{distinguish|text=the Latin |
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{{Cyrillic alphabet navbox |
{{Cyrillic alphabet navbox |
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|Heading=Cyrillic letter U |
|Heading=Cyrillic letter U |
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|Image=Cyrillic letter U - uppercase and lowercase.svg |
|Image=Cyrillic letter U - uppercase and lowercase.svg |
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|sound = {{IPA|[u],[ʊ]}} |
|sound = {{IPA|[u],[ʊ],[ʌ],[w]}} |
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|size=120px |
|size=120px |
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|derived=Either from [[Upsilon (letter)|Greek letter Upsilon]] (Υ υ) or simplified from [[Uk (Cyrillic)|Cyrillic letter Uk]] (Оу оу)|numeral=400}} |
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'''U''' (У у; italics: <span style="font-family: times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: larger">''У у''</span>) is a letter of the [[Cyrillic script]]. It commonly represents the [[close back rounded vowel]] {{IPA|/u/}}, somewhat like the pronunciation of {{angle bracket|oo}} in "b'''oo'''t" or r'''u'''le. The forms of the Cyrillic letter U are [[Homoglyph|similar]] to the lowercase of the Latin letter [[Y]] (Y y; <span style="font-family: times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: larger">''Y y''</span>). |
'''U''' (У у; italics: <span style="font-family: times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: larger">''У у''</span>) is a letter of the [[Cyrillic script]]. It commonly represents the [[close back rounded vowel]] {{IPA|/u/}}, somewhat like the pronunciation of {{angle bracket|oo}} in "b'''oo'''t" or "r'''u'''le". The forms of the Cyrillic letter U are [[Homoglyph|similar]] to the lowercase of the Latin letter [[Y]] (Y y; <span style="font-family: times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: larger">''Y y''</span>), with the lowercase Cyrillic letter U's form being identical to that of small Latin letter Y. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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[[File:Azbuka Benois - У.jpg|thumb|left|170px|''U'', from [[Alexandre Benois]]' 1904 [[alphabet book]]. It shows ''Ulitsa'' (street) and ''uraganʺ'' ([[hurricane]]).]] |
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[[File:Russische Schmetterlingsmine PFM-1.jpg|thumb|left|170px|A [[PFM-1]] training mine, distinguishable from the live version by the presence of the letter У (short for учебный, ''uchebnyy'', "for training").]] |
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Historically, Cyrillic U evolved as a specifically [[Old East Slavic language|East Slavic]] short form of the digraph {{angle bracket|[[Uk (Cyrillic)|оу]]}} used in ancient [[Old Church Slavonic|Slavic]] texts to represent {{IPA|/u/}}. The digraph was itself a direct loan from the [[Greek alphabet]], where the combination {{angle bracket|[[Greek alphabet#Digraphs and diphthongs|ου]]}} ([[omicron]]-[[upsilon]]) was also used to represent {{IPA|/u/}}. Later, the o was removed, leaving the modern upsilon-only form. |
Historically, Cyrillic U evolved as a specifically [[Old East Slavic language|East Slavic]] short form of the digraph {{angle bracket|[[Uk (Cyrillic)|оу]]}} used in ancient [[Old Church Slavonic|Slavic]] texts to represent {{IPA|/u/}}. The digraph was itself a direct loan from the [[Greek alphabet]], where the combination {{angle bracket|[[Greek alphabet#Digraphs and diphthongs|ου]]}} ([[omicron]]-[[upsilon]]) was also used to represent {{IPA|/u/}}. Later, the o was removed, leaving the modern upsilon-only form. |
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==Related letters and other similar characters== |
==Related letters and other similar characters== |
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[[File:Similarity of Y and Cyrillic U.svg|thumb|left|Similarity with [[Y]] (uppercase): The grapheme on the left is clearly a Cyrillic U, the one in the middle may represent both letters, the one on the right is clearly a Greek or Latin Y.]] |
[[File:Similarity of Y and Cyrillic U.svg|thumb|left|170px|Similarity with [[Y]] (uppercase): The grapheme on the left is clearly a Cyrillic U, the one in the middle may represent both letters, the one on the right is clearly a Greek or Latin Y.]] |
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*Υ υ : [[Υ|Greek letter Upsilon]] |
*Υ υ : [[Υ|Greek letter Upsilon]] |
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*U u : [[U|Latin letter U]] |
*U u : [[U|Latin letter U]] |
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*Y y : [[Y|Latin letter Y]] |
*Y y : [[Y|Latin letter Y]] |
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*Ў ў : [[Ў|Cyrillic letter Short U]], used in [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]], [[Dungan language|Dungan]]<ref>However, many Dungan books are set using Ӯ, with macron, instead of [[short U|Ў]], with breve, like the Dungan-Russian dictionary (1968). There is no ambiguity since it is the only У-with-a-diacritic in Dungan. It is used in Dungan syllables for which [[pinyin]] would use ''-u'' except in those with labial consonants (in ''du'', ' ''nu'', ''lu'', ''gu'', ''hu'', ''zu'', ''ru'', etc. but not ''bu'' or ''mu'')</ref> |
*Ў ў : [[Ў|Cyrillic letter Short U]], used in [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]], [[Dungan language|Dungan]],<ref>However, many Dungan books are set using Ӯ, with macron, instead of [[short U|Ў]], with breve, like the Dungan-Russian dictionary (1968). There is no ambiguity since it is the only У-with-a-diacritic in Dungan. It is used in Dungan syllables for which [[pinyin]] would use ''-u'' except in those with labial consonants (in ''du'', ' ''nu'', ''lu'', ''gu'', ''hu'', ''zu'', ''ru'', etc. but not ''bu'' or ''mu'')</ref> [[Yuit|Siberian Eskimo (Yuit)]], [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] |
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*Ӯ ӯ : [[Ӯ|Cyrillic letter U with macron]], used in [[Tajik language|Tajik]] and [[Carpatho-Rusyn]] |
*Ӯ ӯ : [[Ӯ|Cyrillic letter U with macron]], used in [[Tajik language|Tajik]] and [[Carpatho-Rusyn]] |
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*Ӱ ӱ : [[Ӱ|Cyrillic letter U with diaeresis]], used in [[Altai language|Altai (Oyrot)]], [[Khakas language|Khakas]], [[Gagauz language|Gagauz]], [[Khanty language|Khanty]], [[Mari language|Mari]] |
*Ӱ ӱ : [[Ӱ|Cyrillic letter U with diaeresis]], used in [[Altai language|Altai (Oyrot)]], [[Khakas language|Khakas]], [[Gagauz language|Gagauz]], [[Khanty language|Khanty]], [[Mari language|Mari]] |
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*ע: The Hebrew letter Ayin |
*ע: The Hebrew letter Ayin |
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*У̊: [[U with ring above (Cyrillic)|Cyrillic letter U with ring]],used in [[Shughni language|shugnhi orthography.]] |
*У̊: [[U with ring above (Cyrillic)|Cyrillic letter U with ring]],used in [[Shughni language|shugnhi orthography.]] |
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{{clear|left}} |
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==Computing codes== |
==Computing codes== |
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U (У у; italics: У у) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the close back rounded vowel /u/, somewhat like the pronunciation of ⟨oo⟩ in "boot" or "rule". The forms of the Cyrillic letter U are similar to the lowercase of the Latin letter Y (Y y; Y y), with the lowercase Cyrillic letter U's form being identical to that of small Latin letter Y.
Historically, Cyrillic U evolved as a specifically East Slavic short form of the digraph ⟨оу⟩ used in ancient Slavic texts to represent /u/. The digraph was itself a direct loan from the Greek alphabet, where the combination ⟨ου⟩ (omicron-upsilon) was also used to represent /u/. Later, the o was removed, leaving the modern upsilon-only form.
Consequently, the form of the letter is derived from Greek upsilon ⟨Υ υ⟩, which was parallelly also taken over into the Cyrillic alphabet in another form, as Izhitsa ⟨Ѵ⟩. (The letter Izhitsa was removed from the Russian alphabet in the orthography reform of 1917/19.)
It is normally romanised as "u", but in Kazakh, it is romanised as "w".
In the Cyrillic numeral system, the Cyrillic letter U had a value of 400.
InTuvan the Cyrillic letter can be written as a double vowel.[1][2]
In certain languages, U is used to mark labialization.
Preview | У | у | ||
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Unicode name | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U | ||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 1059 | U+0423 | 1091 | U+0443 |
UTF-8 | 208 163 | D0 A3 | 209 131 | D1 83 |
Numeric character reference | У |
У |
у |
у |
Named character reference | У | у | ||
KOI8-R and KOI8-U | 245 | F5 | 213 | D5 |
Code page 855 | 232 | E8 | 231 | E7 |
Code page 866 | 147 | 93 | 227 | E3 |
Windows-1251 | 211 | D3 | 243 | F3 |
ISO-8859-5 | 195 | C3 | 227 | E3 |
Macintosh Cyrillic | 147 | 93 | 243 | F3 |