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It is often noted that the Younger Dryas is merely the last of 25 or 26 major climate episodes ([[Dansgaard–Oeschger event]]s, or D–O events) over the past 120,000 years. These episodes are characterized by abrupt beginnings and endings (with changes taking place on timescales of decades or centuries).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dansgaard |first1=W |last2=Clausen |first2=H. B. |last3=Gundestrup |first3=N. |last4=Hammer |first4=C. U. |last5=Johnsen |first5=S. F. |last6=Kristinsdottir |first6=P. M. |last7=Reeh |first7=N. |title=A new Greenland deep ice core |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.218.4579.1273 |journal=Science |date=1982 |volume=218 |issue=4579 |pages=1273–1277 |doi=10.1126/science.218.4579.1273 |pmid=17770148 |bibcode=1982Sci...218.1273D |s2cid=35224174 }}</ref><ref name="Lynch-Stieglitz">{{cite journal |last1=Lynch-Stieglitz |first1=J |date=2017 |title=The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and abrupt climate change. |journal=Annual Review of Marine Science |volume=9 |pages=83–104 |bibcode=2017ARMS....9...83L |doi=10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060415 |pmid=27814029}}</ref> The Younger Dryas is the best known and best understood because it is the most recent, but it is fundamentally similar to the previous cold phases over the past 120,000 years. |
It is often noted that the Younger Dryas is merely the last of 25 or 26 major climate episodes ([[Dansgaard–Oeschger event]]s, or D–O events) over the past 120,000 years. These episodes are characterized by abrupt beginnings and endings (with changes taking place on timescales of decades or centuries).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dansgaard |first1=W |last2=Clausen |first2=H. B. |last3=Gundestrup |first3=N. |last4=Hammer |first4=C. U. |last5=Johnsen |first5=S. F. |last6=Kristinsdottir |first6=P. M. |last7=Reeh |first7=N. |title=A new Greenland deep ice core |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.218.4579.1273 |journal=Science |date=1982 |volume=218 |issue=4579 |pages=1273–1277 |doi=10.1126/science.218.4579.1273 |pmid=17770148 |bibcode=1982Sci...218.1273D |s2cid=35224174 }}</ref><ref name="Lynch-Stieglitz">{{cite journal |last1=Lynch-Stieglitz |first1=J |date=2017 |title=The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and abrupt climate change. |journal=Annual Review of Marine Science |volume=9 |pages=83–104 |bibcode=2017ARMS....9...83L |doi=10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060415 |pmid=27814029}}</ref> The Younger Dryas is the best known and best understood because it is the most recent, but it is fundamentally similar to the previous cold phases over the past 120,000 years. |
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Another idea is that a solar |
Another idea is that a solar flare may have been responsible for the megafaunal extinction that occurred at approximately the same time as the Younger Dryas, but that cannot explain the apparent variability in the timing of the extinction across all continents.<ref>{{cite journal |author=la Violette, P.A. |title=Evidence for a Solar flare cause of the Pleistocene mass extinction |journal=Radiocarbon |volume=53 |issue=2 |year=2011 |pages=303–323 |url=https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/view/3464/pdf |access-date=20 April 2012 |doi=10.1017/S0033822200056575 |bibcode=2011Radcb..53..303L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Writers |date=6 June 2011 |title=Did a massive Solar proton event fry the Earth? |website=Space Daily |url=http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Did_A_Massive_Solar_Proton_Event_Fry_The_Earth_999.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223085329/http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Did_A_Massive_Solar_Proton_Event_Fry_The_Earth_999.html |archive-date=23 December 2018 |access-date=2021-06-24}}</ref> |
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The [[Younger Dryas impact hypothesis|Younger Dryas impact hypothesis]] (YDIH) attributes the cooling to the impact of a disintegrating comet or asteroid.<ref name="Powell2022">{{Cite journal |last=Powell |first=James Lawrence |date=January 2022 |title=Premature rejection in science: The case of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis |journal=Science Progress |language=en |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=003685042110642 |doi=10.1177/00368504211064272 |issn=0036-8504 |pmc=10450282 |pmid=34986034}}</ref> Some researchers report detection of impact markers in support of the hypothesis,<ref name="Powell2022" /> but others have criticised the detection methods, dating, and interpretation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Holliday |first1=Vance T. |last2=Daulton |first2=Tyrone L. |last3=Bartlein |first3=Patrick J. |last4=Boslough |first4=Mark B. |last5=Breslawski |first5=Ryan P. |last6=Fisher |first6=Abigail E. |last7=Jorgeson |first7=Ian A. |last8=Scott |first8=Andrew C. |last9=Koeberl |first9=Christian |last10=Marlon |first10=Jennifer R. |last11=Severinghaus |first11=Jeffrey |last12=Petaev |first12=Michail I. |last13=Claeys |first13=Philippe |date=December 2023 |title=Comprehensive refutation of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis (YDIH) |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012825223001915 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |language=en |volume=247 |pages=104502 |doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104502|bibcode=2023ESRv..24704502H }}</ref> Examples are a denial of evidence for extensive wildfires prior to the Younger Dryas reported by YDIH proponents, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gramling |first=Carolyn |name-list-style=vanc |date=2018-06-26 |title=Why won't this debate about an ancient cold snap die? |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/younger-dryas-comet-impact-cold-snap |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805112551/https://www.sciencenews.org/article/younger-dryas-comet-impact-cold-snap |archive-date=2021-08-05 |access-date=2023-02-23 |work=[[Science News]] |language=en-US}}</ref> and analysis of Younger Dryas aged sediments from Hall's cave in Texas interpreted by YDIH proponents as extraterrestrial in origin, which are argued to be more likely as volcanic.<ref name="Sun2020" /> |
The [[Younger Dryas impact hypothesis|Younger Dryas impact hypothesis]] (YDIH) attributes the cooling to the impact of a disintegrating comet or asteroid.<ref name="Powell2022">{{Cite journal |last=Powell |first=James Lawrence |date=January 2022 |title=Premature rejection in science: The case of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis |journal=Science Progress |language=en |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=003685042110642 |doi=10.1177/00368504211064272 |issn=0036-8504 |pmc=10450282 |pmid=34986034}}</ref> Some researchers report detection of impact markers in support of the hypothesis,<ref name="Powell2022" /> but others have criticised the detection methods, dating, and interpretation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Holliday |first1=Vance T. |last2=Daulton |first2=Tyrone L. |last3=Bartlein |first3=Patrick J. |last4=Boslough |first4=Mark B. |last5=Breslawski |first5=Ryan P. |last6=Fisher |first6=Abigail E. |last7=Jorgeson |first7=Ian A. |last8=Scott |first8=Andrew C. |last9=Koeberl |first9=Christian |last10=Marlon |first10=Jennifer R. |last11=Severinghaus |first11=Jeffrey |last12=Petaev |first12=Michail I. |last13=Claeys |first13=Philippe |date=December 2023 |title=Comprehensive refutation of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis (YDIH) |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012825223001915 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |language=en |volume=247 |pages=104502 |doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104502|bibcode=2023ESRv..24704502H }}</ref> Examples are a denial of evidence for extensive wildfires prior to the Younger Dryas reported by YDIH proponents, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gramling |first=Carolyn |name-list-style=vanc |date=2018-06-26 |title=Why won't this debate about an ancient cold snap die? |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/younger-dryas-comet-impact-cold-snap |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805112551/https://www.sciencenews.org/article/younger-dryas-comet-impact-cold-snap |archive-date=2021-08-05 |access-date=2023-02-23 |work=[[Science News]] |language=en-US}}</ref> and analysis of Younger Dryas aged sediments from Hall's cave in Texas interpreted by YDIH proponents as extraterrestrial in origin, which are argued to be more likely as volcanic.<ref name="Sun2020" /> |
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