There were five special elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1949, during the 81st United States Congress.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| New York 7 | John J. Delaney | Democratic | 1918 (Special) | Incumbent died November 18, 1948, during previous congress. New member elected February 15, 1949. Democratic hold. |
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| New York 20 | Sol Bloom | Democratic | 1923 (Special) | Incumbent died March 7, 1949. New member elected May 17, 1949. Liberal gain. |
|
| Pennsylvania 26 | Robert L. Coffey | Democratic | 1948 | Incumbent died April 20, 1949. New member elected September 13, 1949. Republican gain. |
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| California 5 | Richard J. Welch | Republican | 1926 (Special) | Incumbent died September 10, 1949. New member elected November 8, 1949. Democratic gain. |
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| New York 10 | Andrew L. Somers | Democratic | 1924 | Incumbent died April 6, 1949. New member elected November 8, 1949. Democratic hold. |
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