Contents

1824–25 United States House of Representatives elections

House elections for the 19th U.S. Congress

1824–25 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1822 & 1823 July 7, 1824 – August 30, 1825 1826 & 1827 →
All 213 seats in the United States House of Representatives 107 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader John W. Taylor Andrew Stevenson Party Anti-Jacksonian Jacksonian Leader's seat New York 17th Virginia 9th Last election 87 seats[a] 71 seats[c] Seats won 109[1] 104[1] Seat change 22[b] 33[b]
Results:      Anti-Jacksonian hold      Anti-Jacksonian gain      Jacksonian hold      Jacksonian gain      Undistricted territory or split plural districts
Speaker before election Henry Clay Democratic-Republican Elected Speaker John W. Taylor Anti-Jacksonian

The 1824–25 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between July 7, 1824, and August 30, 1825. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 19th United States Congress convened on December 5, 1825. Elections were held for all 213 seats, representing 24 states.

They coincided with the contentious 1824 presidential election. After no presidential candidate won an electoral majority, in February 1825 the House of the outgoing 18th Congress chose the President, John Quincy Adams, in a contingent election.^[2]

The approach of the 1824 presidential election ended the virtually nonpartisan Era of Good Feelings and motivated major realignment. The weak Federalist Party collapsed and the Democratic-Republican Party abruptly, catastrophically split.

Though Andrew Jackson lost the contingent election, public attitudes toward the charismatic, famous Jackson mainly determined the new alignment. Partisans of Jackson often were called Jacksonians, by 1828 adopting the Democratic Party label. Opponents of Jackson often were called Anti-Jacksonians, coalescing under the leadership of newly elected President John Quincy Adams and soon forming the National Republican Party.^[2]

Though both parties were new, and were not continuations of old parties, Jacksonians were more similar to the former Democratic-Republicans, while National Republicans were more similar to the former Federalists and also were political ancestors to the future Whig Party. Leadership of the National Republicans in opposition to Jackson later would transition to Henry Clay, whose support of Adams determined the contingent election.

Election summaries[edit]

Representatives regrouped into Jackson supporters and Adams supporters (comprising the Adams-Clay faction in the contingent election), while supporters of William Crawford, whose ill health and retirement had indirectly helped trigger the realignment, divided between the two factions with 33 going to the Adams-Clay faction and 22 going to the Jackson faction.

State	Date ↑	Type	Total seats	Anti-Jacksonian		Jacksonian
				Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Louisiana	July 7–9, 1824	Districts	3	2		1
Illinois	August 2, 1824	At-large	1	1		0
Indiana	August 2, 1824	Districts	3	2	2	1	2
Kentucky	August 2, 1824	Districts	12	7	1	5	1
Missouri	August 2, 1824	At-large	1	1		0
Mississippi	August 2–3, 1824	At-large	1	0		1
Vermont	September 7, 1824[d]	District	5	4	1	1	1
Maine	September 13, 1824[e]	Districts	7	6	1	1	1
Georgia	October 4, 1824	At-large	7	0		7	7
Maryland	October 4, 1824	Districts	9	7	2	2	1
Delaware	October 5, 1824	At-large	1	0		1	1
South Carolina	October 11–12, 1824	Districts	9	0		9
Ohio	October 12, 1824	Districts	14	12	2	2
Pennsylvania	October 12, 1824	Districts	26	4	3	22	3
Massachusetts	November 1, 1824[f]	Districts	13	12		1
New Hampshire	November 1, 1824[g]	At-large	6	5	1	1	1
New Jersey	November 2, 1824	At-large	6	3	2	3	2
New York	November 1–3, 1824	Districts	34	26	8	8	6
Late elections (after the March 4, 1825, beginning of the term)
Connecticut	April 4, 1825	At-large	6	6		0
Virginia	April 1825	Districts	22	7	6	15	14
Alabama	August 1–3, 1825	Districts	3	0		3
Tennessee	August 4–5, 1825	Districts	9	0		9
North Carolina	August 11, 1825	Districts	13	2	1	11	9
Rhode Island	August 30, 1825[h]	At-large	2	2		0
Total			213	109 51.2%	22	104 48.8%	33

Special elections[edit]

There were special elections in 1824 and 1825 to the 18th United States Congress and 19th United States Congress.

Special elections are sorted by date then district.

18th Congress[edit]

19th Congress[edit]

Alabama[edit]

Alabama elected its members August 1–3, 1825, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.

Arkansas Territory[edit]

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Connecticut[edit]

Connecticut elected its members April 4, 1825, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Connecticut at-large 6 seats on a general ticket	Gideon Tomlinson	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1818	Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.	▌Y Gideon Tomlinson (Adams-Clay Republican; Anti-Jacksonian) 15.8% ▌Y Elisha Phelps (Adams-Clay Republican; Anti-Jacksonian) 14.9% ▌Y Ralph I. Ingersoll (Adams-Clay Republican; Anti-Jacksonian) 13.9% ▌Y Orange Merwin (Adams-Clay Republican; Anti-Jacksonian) 13.9% ▌Y Noyes Barber (Adams-Clay Republican; Anti-Jacksonian) 11.1% ▌Y John Baldwin (Adams-Clay Republican; Anti-Jacksonian) 9.2% ▌Daniel Burrows (Democratic-Republican) 4.5% ▌Elisha Tracy (Democratic-Republican) 3.8% ▌Timothy Pitkin (Federalist) 3.3% ▌Calvin Willey (Jackson Republican; Jacksonian) 2.3% ▌Samuel A. Foot (Adams-Clay Republican; Anti-Jacksonian) 1.4% ▌Dennis Kimberly (Unknown) 1.0% ▌Asa Barron (Federalist) 1.0% ▌George Learnid (Unknown) 1.0% ▌Samuel Church (Unknown) 0.8% ▌Robert Fairchild (Unknown) 0.6% ▌Roger Sherman (Unknown) 0.5% ▌Lyman Law (Federalist) 0.4% ▌Calvin Goddard (Federalist) 0.4% ▌Thomas Williams (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 0.4%[8]
	Ansel Sterling	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1821	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.
	Samuel A. Foote	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1823	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.
	Lemuel Whitman	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1823	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.
	Noyes Barber	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1821	Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
	Ebenezer Stoddard	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1821	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.

Delaware[edit]

Delaware elected its member October 5, 1824.

Florida Territory[edit]

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Georgia[edit]

Georgia elected its members October 4, 1824. There were only 7 candidates who ran statewide in 1824. There were several other candidates who received votes in a small number of states, but vote totals were only available for the seven winning candidates. The minor candidates only received a few hundred votes each.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Georgia at-large 7 seats on a general ticket	Joel Abbot	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1816	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian gain.	▌Y Wiley Thompson (Crawford Republican; Jacksonian) 15.1% ▌Y John Forsyth (Crawford Republican; Jacksonian) 14.6% ▌Y Edward F. Tattnall (Crawford Republican; Jacksonian) 14.4% ▌Y Alfred Cuthbert (Crawford Republican; Jacksonian) 14.2% ▌Y George Cary (Crawford Republican; Jacksonian) 13.8% ▌Y James Meriwether (Crawford Republican; Jacksonian) 13.4% ▌Y Charles E. Haynes (Crawford Republican; Jacksonian) 12.7% ▌Longstreet[i] (Unknown) 0.8% ▌Duncan G. Campbell (Jackson Republican; Jacksonian) 0.4% ▌Samuel Rockwell (Jackson Republican; Jacksonian) 0.3% ▌Charles J. MacDonald (Jackson Republican; Jacksonian) 0.3% ▌Thomas W. Cobb (Crawford Republican; Jacksonian) <0.01% ▌Joel Abbot (Crawford Republican; Jacksonian) <0.01%[10]
	Alfred Cuthbert	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1820	Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
	George Cary	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
	Edward F. Tattnall	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1820	Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
	John Forsyth	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
	Wiley Thompson	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1820	Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
	Thomas W. Cobb	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian gain.

Illinois[edit]

Illinois elected its member August 2, 1824.

Indiana[edit]

Indiana elected its members August 2, 1824.

Kentucky[edit]

Kentucky elected its members August 2, 1824.

Louisiana[edit]

Louisiana elected its members July 7–9, 1824.

Maine[edit]

Maine elected its members September 13, 1824. Maine law required a majority vote for election, n Maine law required a majority vote for electionecessitating additional ballots in the 3rd and 4th districts on January 3, 1825, April 4, 1825, and September 12, 1825.

Maryland[edit]

Maryland elected its members October 4, 1824.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Maryland 1	Raphael Neale	Adams-Clay Federalist	1818	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	▌Y Clement Dorsey (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 55.3% ▌Raphael Neale (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 44.7%[37]
Maryland 2	Joseph Kent	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1810 1814 (lost) 1818	Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.	▌Y Joseph Kent (Adams-Clay Republican; Anti-Jacksonian) 52.3% ▌John C. Weems (Jackson Federalist; Jacksonian) 47.7%[38]
Maryland 3	Henry R. Warfield	Adams-Clay Federalist	1820	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian gain.	▌Y George Peter (Jackson Republican; Jacksonian) 37.5% ▌George C. Washington (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 33.9% ▌Henry R. Warfield (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 28.7%[39]
Maryland 4	John Lee	Jackson Federalist	1822	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	▌Y Thomas C. Worthington (Adams-Clay Republican; Anti-Jacksonian) 55.3% ▌John Lee (Jackson Federalist; Jacksonian) 44.7%[40]
Maryland 5 Plural district with 2 seats	Isaac McKim	Jackson Democratic-Republican	1823 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	▌Y Peter Little (Adams-Clay Republican; Anti-Jacksonian) 47.1% ▌Y John Barney (Adams-Clay Republican; Anti-Jacksonian) 26.8% ▌Isaac McKim (Jackson Republican; Jacksonian) 26.0%[41]
	Peter Little	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1810 1812 (lost) 1816	Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Maryland 6	George E. Mitchell	Jackson Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.	▌Y George E. Mitchell (Jackson Republican; Jacksonian) 54% ▌Phillip Reed (Federalist) 46%[42]
Maryland 7	William Hayward Jr.	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	▌Y John Leeds Kerr (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 50.3% ▌Thomas Emory (Democratic-Republican) 49.7%[43]
Maryland 8	John S. Spence	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	▌Y Robert N. Martin (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 51.9% ▌John S. Spence (Adams-Clay Republican; Anti-Jacksonian) 48.1%[44]

Massachusetts[edit]

Massachusetts elected its members November 1, 1824. Massachusetts had a majority requirement for election, which necessitated additional elections held January 3, 1825, April 1, 1825, and August 1, 1825.

District numbers vary between sources.

Michigan Territory[edit]

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Mississippi[edit]

Mississippi elected its member August 2–3, 1824.

Missouri[edit]

Missouri elected its member August 2, 1824.

New Hampshire[edit]

New Hampshire elected its members between November 1, 1824, and March 8, 1825. New Hampshire law required candidates to receive votes from a majority of voters for election. As only five candidates received votes from a majority of voters, a run-off election had to be held for the sixth seat on March 8, 1825.

New Jersey[edit]

New Jersey elected its members November 2, 1824.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New Jersey at-large 6 seats on a general ticket	Lewis Condict	Jackson Democratic-Republican	1820	Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.	▌Y George Holcombe (Jacksonian) 16.8% ▌Y Samuel Swan (Anti-Jacksonian) 16.8% ▌Y Lewis Condict (Anti-Jacksonian) 16.8% ▌Y Daniel Garrison (Jacksonian) 16.7% ▌Y George Cassedy (Jacksonian)16.7% ▌Y Ebenezer Tucker (Anti-Jacksonian) 16.2%
	George Holcombe	Jackson Democratic-Republican	1820	Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
	George Cassedy	Jackson Democratic-Republican	1820	Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
	Daniel Garrison	Jackson Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
	Samuel Swan	Jackson Democratic-Republican	1820	Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
	James Matlack	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1820	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.

New York[edit]

New York elected its members November 1–3, 1824.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New York 1	Silas Wood	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1818	Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.	▌Y Silas Wood (Anti-Jacksonian) 60.5% ▌James Lent (Jacksonian) 39.5%
New York 2	Jacob Tyson	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	▌Y Joshua Sands (Anti-Jacksonian) 53.1% ▌John T. Bergen (Jacksonian) 46.9%
New York 3 Plural district with 3 seats	Churchill C. Cambreleng	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1821	Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.	▌Y Churchill C. Cambreleng (Jacksonian) 20.8% ▌Y Gulian Verplanck (Jacksonian) 17.7% ▌Y Jeromus Johnson (Jacksonian) 16.7% ▌John Rathbone (Unknown) 14.5% ▌Charles G. Haines (Unknown) 14.0% ▌Peter Sharpe (Anti-Jacksonian) 13.6% ▌Henry Wheaton (Unknown) 2.7%
	Peter Sharpe	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain.
	John J. Morgan	Jackson Democratic-Republican	1821	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold.
New York 4	Joel Frost	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	▌Y Aaron Ward (Anti-Jacksonian) 39.0% ▌Jonathan Ward (Democratic-Republican) 31.9% ▌John Hunter (Unknown) 29.2%
New York 5	William W. Van Wyck	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1821	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	▌Y Bartow White (Anti-Jacksonian) 52.8% ▌Peter Livingston (Democratic-Republican) 47.2%
New York 6	Hector Craig	Jackson Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian hold.	▌Y John Hallock Jr. (Jacksonian) 47.2% ▌Hector Craig (Jacksonian) 44.4% ▌Walter Case (Democratic-Republican) 8.4%
New York 7	Lemuel Jenkins	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	▌Y Abraham B. Hasbrouck (Anti-Jacksonian) 51.2% ▌John Lounsberry (Unknown) 48.8%
New York 8	James Strong	Adams-Clay Federalist	1818 1821 (retired) 1822	Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.	▌Y James Strong (Anti-Jacksonian) 60.0% ▌Robert Livingston (Federalist) 40.0%
New York 9	James L. Hogeboom	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	▌Y William McManus (Anti-Jacksonian) 56.6% ▌George R. Davis (Unknown) 43.4%
New York 10	Stephen Van Rensselaer	Adams-Clay Federalist	1822 (special)	Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.	▌Y Stephen Van Rensselaer (Anti-Jacksonian) 100%
New York 11	Charles A. Foote	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian gain.	▌Y Henry Ashley (Jacksonian) 56.1% ▌William Heermance (Unknown) 42.9% ▌Amos Hamlin (Unknown) 1.0%
New York 12	Lewis Eaton	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian gain.	▌Y William Dietz (Jacksonian) 56.3% ▌Constant Brown (Unknown) 42.6% Others 1.1%
New York 13	Isaac Williams Jr.	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1812 1814 (retired) 1816 1818 (retired) 1822	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	▌Y William G. Angel (Anti-Jacksonian) 52.2% ▌William Campbell (Unknown) 47.8%
New York 14	Henry R. Storrs	Adams-Clay Federalist	1816 1821 (retired) 1822	Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.	▌Y Henry R. Storrs (Anti-Jacksonian) 57.3% ▌James Lynch (Unknown) 42.7%
New York 15	John Herkimer	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1816 1818 (retired) 1822	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain.	▌Y Michael Hoffman (Jacksonian) 52.7% ▌John Herkimer (Anti-Jacksonian) 47.3%
New York 16	John W. Cady	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	▌Y Henry Markell (Anti-Jacksonian) 54.9% ▌William Dodge (Unknown) 45.1%
New York 17	John W. Taylor	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1812	Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.	▌Y John W. Taylor (Anti-Jacksonian) 100%
New York 18	Henry C. Martindale	Adams-Clay Federalist	1822	Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.	▌Y Henry C. Martindale (Anti-Jacksonian) 64.6% ▌John Gale (Unknown) 35.4%
New York 19	John Richards	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	▌Y Henry Ross (Anti-Jacksonian) 52.3% ▌William Hogan (Unknown) 47.7%
New York 20 Plural district with 2 seats	Ela Collins	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	▌Y Nicoll Fosdick (Anti-Jacksonian) 25.5% ▌Y Egbert Ten Eyck (Jacksonian) 24.6%[o] ▌Horace Allen (Democratic-Republican) 24.5% ▌Daniel Hugunin Jr. (Anti-Jacksonian) 23.3%[o] "Daniel Hugunin, Junior" 1.2%[o] "Daniel Hugunin" 0.9%[o]
	Egbert Ten Eyck	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian. Election later successfully contested.[o]
New York 21	Lot Clark	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	▌Y Elias Whitmore (Anti-Jacksonian) 50.4% ▌Lot Clark (Crawford D-R) 49.6%
New York 22	Justin Dwinell	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	▌Y John Miller (Anti-Jacksonian) 54.3% ▌John Lynde (Unknown) 45.7%
New York 23	Elisha Litchfield	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1821	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	▌Y Luther Badger (Anti-Jacksonian) 50.8% ▌Elisha Litchfield (Crawford D-R) 49.2%
New York 24	Rowland Day	Crawford Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain.	▌Y Charles Kellogg (Jacksonian) 53.1% ▌Rowland Day (Crawford D-R) 46.9%
New York 25	Samuel Lawrence	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	▌Y Charles Humphrey (Anti-Jacksonian) 51.2% ▌David Woodcock (Unknown) 48.8%
New York 26 Plural district with 2 seats	Dudley Marvin	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.	▌Y Dudley Marvin (Anti-Jacksonian) 40.9% ▌Y Robert S. Rose (Anti-Jacksonian) 24.0% ▌John Maynard (Anti-Jacksonian) 21.7% ▌Aaron Remer (Unknown) 13.4%
	Robert S. Rose	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
New York 27	Moses Hayden	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.	▌Y Moses Hayden (Anti-Jacksonian) 59.5% ▌Charles H. Carroll (Unknown) 40.5%
New York 28	William Woods	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1823 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	▌Y Timothy Porter (Anti-Jacksonian) 35.3% ▌William Woods (Anti-Jacksonian) 32.6% ▌Daniel Cruger (Democratic-Republican) 28.5%
New York 29	Parmenio Adams	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1822	Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.	▌Y Parmenio Adams (Anti-Jacksonian) 57.6% ▌Isaac Wilson (Anti-Jacksonian) 42.4%
New York 30	Albert H. Tracy	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	1818	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	▌Y Daniel Garnsey (Anti-Jacksonian) 35.4% ▌William Hotchkiss (Unknown) 33.1% ▌John G. Camp (Unknown) 31.5%

North Carolina[edit]

North Carolina elected its members August 11, 1825, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.