Jump to content
 







Main menu
   


Navigation  



Main page
Contents
Current events
Random article
About Wikipedia
Contact us
Donate
 




Contribute  



Help
Learn to edit
Community portal
Recent changes
Upload file
 








Search  

































Create account

Log in
 









Create account
 Log in
 




Pages for logged out editors learn more  



Contributions
Talk
 



















Contents

   



(Top)
 


1 Design  



1.1  Launch platforms  



1.1.1  Club-K  





1.1.2  Naval use  









2 Operational history  



2.1  Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war  





2.2  2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine  







3 Variants  



3.1  Gallery  





3.2  Domestic variants  





3.3  Export variants  



3.3.1  Club-S  





3.3.2  Club-N  





3.3.3  Club-T  





3.3.4  Club-A  









4 Operators  





5 See also  





6 References  





7 External links  














Kalibr (missile family)






العربية
Български
Català
Чӑвашла
Čeština
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français

Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Latviešu
Nederlands

Norsk bokmål
Norsk nynorsk
Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча
Polski
Português
Русский
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Suomi
Svenska
Татарча / tatarça
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Vit

 

Edit links
 









Article
Talk
 

















Read
Edit
View history
 








Tools
   


Actions  



Read
Edit
View history
 




General  



What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Cite this page
Get shortened URL
Download QR code
Wikidata item
 




Print/export  



Download as PDF
Printable version
 




In other projects  



Wikimedia Commons
 
















Appearance
   

 






From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 

(Redirected from 3M-54 Kalibr)

Kalibr
An export variant of the missile (mockup)
TypeCruise missile
Anti-ship missile
Anti-submarine missile
Submarine-launched cruise missile
Air-launched cruise missile
Land-attack missile
Surface-to-surface missile
Place of originRussia
Service history
In service1994
Used bySee Operators
WarsSyrian Civil War
Russo-Ukrainian War
Production history
ManufacturerNovator Design Bureau, KTRV, MKB Fakel, NPO Mash, Raduga, NPO Zvezda Strela (Orenburg)
Unit cost$980,000 (domestic cost, land-attack version)
$6.5 million (export cost, anti-ship version)[1]
Produced1994–present
Specifications
MassVaries on variant, from 1,300 kg-1,780 kg-2,300 kg
LengthVaries on variant, from 6.2 m to 8.9 m
Diameter0.533 m
Warhead400–500 kgHEorthermonuclear[2][3][4]

EngineMulti-stage solid-fuel rocket, turbojet engine for 3M-54/E/TE/E1/TE1, -14/E/TE, solid fuel rocket for 91RE1/RTE2

Operational
range

91RE1: 50 km

3M-54E (export anti-ship version): 220 km
3M-54E1/3M-14E (export anti-ship version): 300 km
3M-54/3M-54T: 660 km (domestic anti-ship version, estimate)

3M-14/3M-14T: 1,500–2,500 km (domestic land-attack version, estimate)
Flight ceiling1,000 m
Flight altitude50–150 mAGL
20 m over water[2]
Maximum speed 0.8–2.5–3.0 Mach

Guidance
system

Inertial guidance plus terminal active radar homing, by satellites[citation needed], DSMAC
Accuracy2-3 m (domestic version, with GLONASS)
50 m CEP (Club-T export version, without GLONASS) [5]

Launch
platform

naval ships, submarines, containers, airplanes, TEL

The Novator Kalibr (Калибр, caliber), also referred to as 3M54-1 Kalibr, 3M14 Biryuza (Бирюза, turquoise), (NATO reporting name SS-N-27 Sizzler and SS-N-30A) is a family of Russian cruise missiles developed by NPO Novator (OKB-8). It first saw service in 1994. There are ship-launched, submarine-launched and air-launched versions of the missile, and variants for anti-ship, anti-submarine and land attack use. Some versions have a second propulsion stage that initiates a supersonic sprint in the terminal approach to the target, reducing the time that air defense systems have to react, while subsonic versions have greater range than the supersonic variants. The missile can carry a warhead weighing up to 500 kilograms (1,100 lb) of explosive or a thermonuclear warhead.

Design[edit]

The missile is a modular system with five versions: two anti-shipping types, one for land attack and two anti-submarine types. The missile is designed to share common parts between the surface and submarine-launched variants but each missile consists of different components, for example, the booster. The missile can be launched from a surface ship using a vertical launching system (VLS).

It has a booster with thrust vectoring capability. The missile launched from a submarine torpedo tube has no need for such an addition but has a conventional booster instead. The air launched version is held in a container that is dropped as the missile launches, detaching from the container.

There are several claims about the maximum range of Kalibr land attack versions in use by Russia. The U.S. Department of Defense estimates its range at 1,400 km (870 mi), and Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu put its range at "almost 1,500 km (930 mi)." Following its first operational firing in October 2015, Russian Ministry of Defence statements suggested a range of 2,000 km (1,200 mi), while a December 2015 Office of Naval Intelligence report gathered a number of Russian statements projecting ranges between 1,500-2,500 km (1,600 mi).[2][6]

Discrepancies in range values may be political declarations for strategic effect,[2] or potentially longer 2,500 km-range claims could be associated with a thermonuclear armed variant while shorter 1,500 km-range estimates are for the conventionally armed missile.[6]

Launch of production of a submarine-variant of the 3M14TE Kalibr-NK called the Kalibr-PL missile occurred in 2012, according to state television news (broadcast of 11.10.2015).[7]

Russia has improved the targeting system of its ship- and submarine-launched Kalibr cruise missiles to improve their ability to conduct time sensitive attacks. Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu revealed the development, which was initiated as a result of combat experience in Syria, in an interview with the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper on 22 September 2019.[8][9]

Launch platforms[edit]

A Club-K erected in a standard shipping container

Club-K[edit]

'Club-K' – a Russian container complex of missile weapons, placed in the standard 20- and 40-foot sea container. It is designed to defeat surface and ground targets. The complex can be mounted on shorelines, vessels of various classes, rail platforms and trucks. It is a modification of the Kalibr missile system.

A Club-K variant, which is disguised as a shipping container that can be placed on a truck, train, or merchant vessel, was advertised in 2010 and was shown for the first time at the MAKS 2011 air show.[10][11]

Naval use[edit]

Russian submarines of the Kilo class, Lada class, Amur[12] class, Akula class, Yasen class, and Borei class are launch platforms for the missiles.[citation needed]

The Russian Gremyashchy class, Buyan-M class, the second batch of Steregushchy class corvettes and the Karakurt class are low displacement platforms with Kalibr system ability.[citation needed]

Indian Navy frigate INS Tabar firing the Club missile

The Russian Admiral Gorshkov class, Admiral Grigorovich class, and Gepard class frigates are able to carry these missiles. Also the Indian Talwar class frigate is another shipborne launch platform for the Club missile system.[citation needed]

Operational history[edit]

Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war[edit]

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine[edit]

Kalibr cruise missiles have been widely used by Russian forces since the start of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. The opening assault is said to have included at least 30 cruise missiles, targeting command and control points, air bases, and air-defense batteries. The missiles were likely fired by the Buyan-class corvettes, Admiral Grigorovich-class frigates and Kilo-class submarines of the Russian Black Sea Fleet.[42] Ukraine's military command reported widespread usage of Kalibr cruise missiles in strikes against strategic and non-combat targets across Ukraine.[43][44] Most notable incidents were:

Variants[edit]

Domestic variants are basic versions of this missile family; these are the 3M54 and 3M14. The export model is called Club (formerly Klub). There are two major launch platforms: the Kalibr-PL (export Club-S), designed for use from submarines, and the Kalibr-NK (export Club-N), designed for surface ships. These two launch platforms can be equipped with the following warhead and guidance combinations:[53]

Gallery[edit]

Domestic variants[edit]

Export variants[edit]

3M-54E1 mockup

Club-S[edit]

3M-14E mockup

Club-N[edit]

Club-T[edit]

Land-based anti-ship (3M-54E2) and land-attack (3M-14E1) self-propelled missile system for coastal defense. Both missile variants in the system arsenal weigh 1,700 kg and feature a 450 kg warhead and flight speed of 240 m/s. According to the manufacturer, in land-attack mode, the system has a CEP of 50 m (export version).[5]

Club-A[edit]

Operators[edit]

Map of Kalibr operators

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • ^ a b c d Game changer: Russian sub-launched cruise missiles bring strategic effect. Jane's Information Group.
  • ^ "صواريخ روسية غيرت مفهوم المعركة وأخافت العالم" [Russian missiles changed the concept of the battle frightened the world]. YouTube (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2021-12-15.
  • ^ "ЦАМТО / Новости / Сводка боевых действий ВКС России в Сирии за 8 декабря". armstrade.org. Retrieved Feb 18, 2019.
  • ^ a b "Defexpo 2020: Almaz-Antey upgrades Club-T cruise missile system". Jane's Information Group. 6 February 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  • ^ a b Sokov on Russian Cruise Missiles – Armscontrolwonk.com, 25 August 2015
  • ^ "Вести недели / Эфир от 11.10.2015" [Vesti nedeli/Stream from 11.10.2015]. russia.tv (in Russian). Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  • ^ "Janes | Latest defence and security news".
  • ^ "Russia's Kalibr cruise missile finetuned after Syria campaign – Shoigu".
  • ^ Stott, Michael (2010-04-26). "Deadly new Russian weapon hides in shipping container". Reuters. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
  • ^ "MAKS: Russian firm debuts shipping container-housed cruise missiles". Flight Global. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
  • ^ "ЦКБ МТ Рубин: Amur 950".
  • ^ "Kalibr cruise missiles strike IS targets in Syria". Oct 7, 2015. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved Feb 18, 2019 – via YouTube.
  • ^ Aji, Albert; Vasilyeva, Nataliya (7 October 2015). "Russia fires cruise missiles from warships into Syria". Yahoo News. Associated Press. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  • ^ U.S.: Several Russian cruise missiles landed in Iran – Militarytimes.com, 8 October 2015
  • ^ "Russia, Iran Deny US Claims of Cruise Missiles Crashing on Iran". News From Antiwar.com. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
  • ^ "Russia denies missiles aimed at Syria landed in Iran". the Guardian. 9 October 2015. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
  • ^ Russia Refutes Pentagon Claims Some Caspian Strike Missiles Failed Over Iran – News.USNI.org, 9 October 2015
  • ^ "Russian Caspian Sea Flotilla launches Kalibr missiles". Nov 20, 2015. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved Feb 18, 2019 – via YouTube.
  • ^ "YouTube". www.youtube.com. Archived from the original on 2016-05-05. Retrieved Feb 18, 2019.
  • ^ "Kalibr vs ISIS compound". Nov 23, 2015. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved Feb 18, 2019 – via YouTube.
  • ^ "Syria – Russian submarine "Rostov-on-Don" launches missiles at Raqqa – December 2015". Dec 9, 2015. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved Feb 18, 2019 – via YouTube.
  • ^ "Russia fires Kalibr missiles at IS positions from sub deployed in the Mediterranean". TASS. Retrieved Feb 18, 2019.
  • ^ "Russia: Mossad, other foreign agents killed in Aleppo strike". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
  • ^ "YouTube". www.youtube.com. Archived from the original on 2017-08-18. Retrieved Feb 18, 2019.
  • ^ "Terrorist positions hit with cruise missiles from Russian frigate 'Admiral Grigorovich' – MoD". Nov 15, 2016. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved Feb 18, 2019 – via YouTube.
  • ^ "YouTube". www.youtube.com. Archived from the original on 2020-03-11. Retrieved Feb 18, 2019.
  • ^ "Russian warships fire cruise missiles at Isil targets near Palmyra". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 2017-05-31.
  • ^ "Russia fires cruise missiles at IS targets in Syria". BBC News. 2017-05-31. Retrieved 2017-05-31.
  • ^ "Удар крылатыми ракетами『Калибр』по объектам ИГИЛ в Сирии кораблями ВМФ РФ в Средиземном море". Jun 23, 2017. Retrieved Feb 18, 2019 – via YouTube.
  • ^ "Russian warships fire Kalibr missiles, destroy ISIS arms depots in Syria". www.rbth.com. Jun 23, 2017. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved Feb 18, 2019.
  • ^ "Удар крылатыми ракетами『Калибр』по объектам ИГИЛ в Сирии кораблями ВМФ РФ в Средиземном море". Ministry of Defence (Russia). 2017-06-23.
  • ^ "Russian warships fire Kalibr cruise missiles, destroy IS arms depots in Syria". TASS. 2017-06-23.
  • ^ "Russian submarine, frigates hit ISIS from Mediterranean, again". navaltoday.com. 2017-06-23.
  • ^ "Veliky Novgorod and Kolpino submarines fired the Kalibr cruise missiles from submerged position against the ISIS critical objects in Syria : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation".
  • ^ "Пуск крылатых ракет『Калибр』по объектам террористов в Сирии с подводной лодки "Великий Новгород"". Russian MOD. 2017-09-22. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15.
  • ^ "Нанесение ударов по террористам в Сирии из акватории Средиземного моря подводными лодками ЧФ". Russian MOD. 2017-10-05. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15.
  • ^ "Поражение объектов террористов комплексами "Калибр"". Russian MOD. 2017-10-05. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15.
  • ^ "Russia targets ISIS with Kalibr cruise missiles". Missile Threat. Nov 3, 2017. Retrieved Feb 18, 2019.
  • ^ "Tu-22M3 bombers and submarine Kolpino hit ISIS infrastructure near Abu Kamal : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation".
  • ^ "Russian cruise missiles kill at least 30 Syrian rebels after jet fighter downed". USA Today. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  • ^ "Kalibr: Russia's Very Own 'Tomahawk' Cruise Missiles Is Hitting Ukraine". 19fortyfive.com. 8 March 2022.
  • ^ Newdick, Thomas (24 February 2022). "These Are The Standoff Missiles Russia Used To Open Its War Against Ukraine". The Drive. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  • ^ "Ukraine reports fresh air, cruise missile strikes". Reuters. 2022-02-26. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  • ^ Max Hunder (2022-07-14). "Twenty killed, dozens hurt in Russian missile strike on central Ukraine - Zelenskiy". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-07-14.
  • ^ "Outrage as Russian missiles strike Odesa port one day after grain export deal agreed". cnn.com. 23 July 2022.
  • ^ "Russia launches Kalibr cruise missiles on Ukraine from the Black Sea". navyrecognition.com. 12 September 2022.
  • ^ "Russia's missile strike on Thermal Power Plant in Kharkiv Oblast is an "act of desperation" following immense losses and retreat – Ukraine's Foreign Ministry". pravda.com.ua. 12 September 2022.
  • ^ "Almost 50% of Ukraine's energy system disabled by missile attacks". pravda.com. 18 November 2022.
  • ^ "Russian missiles violated Moldova's airspace, Foreign Minister says". aerotime.aero. 10 October 2022.
  • ^ "Video: Russian missile shot down by Ukraine falls in Moldova". aerotime.aero. 31 October 2022.
  • ^ "Ukraine says Russian missiles destroyed in Crimea". bbc.com. 20 March 2023.
  • ^ Jane's Weapons: Naval 2012–2013, Janes Information Group, 2012, p. 13
  • ^ "New Kalibr-M cruise missile with range of over 4,500 km in development in Russia – source – Military & Defense – TASS".
  • ^ a b Jane's Weapons: Naval 2012–2013, Janes Information Group, 2012, p. 15
  • ^ "Advanced anti-ship cruise missile systems enter service with Russian Navy". TASS. Retrieved Feb 18, 2019.
  • ^ Pandit, Rajat (August 4, 2008). "India to acquire new undersea cruise missiles". The Times of India. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
  • ^ Vietnam Buys Deadly New Missiles Capable of Hitting China – Thediplomat.com, 30 April 2015
  • ^ Newsweek, article "China's Carrier Killers", Oct. 4, 2010
  • ^ Strategy Page, article Iranian Submarine Launched Missiles, Aug. 30, 2006
  • ^ NTI, article Iran Submarine Import and Export Behavior | NTI Iran Submarine Import and Export Behavior], Aug. 8, 2012
  • External links[edit]


    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalibr_(missile_family)&oldid=1234635862"

    Categories: 
    Cruise missiles
    Anti-ship cruise missiles of Russia
    Anti-submarine missiles of Russia
    Air-to-surface missiles of Russia
    Surface-to-surface missiles of Russia
    Submarine-launched cruise missiles of Russia
    PostCold War weapons of Russia
    NPO Novator products
    Anti-ship cruise missiles of India
    Nuclear cruise missiles of Russia
    Military equipment introduced in the 1990s
    Military equipment of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
    Hidden categories: 
    CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)
    CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)
    Articles with short description
    Short description is different from Wikidata
    All articles with unsourced statements
    Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022
    Articles with unsourced statements from July 2024
    Articles with unsourced statements from December 2022
    Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020
    Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2024
    All Wikipedia articles in need of updating
    Commons category link from Wikidata
    Webarchive template wayback links
     



    This page was last edited on 15 July 2024, at 10:32 (UTC).

    Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.



    Privacy policy

    About Wikipedia

    Disclaimers

    Contact Wikipedia

    Code of Conduct

    Developers

    Statistics

    Cookie statement

    Mobile view



    Wikimedia Foundation
    Powered by MediaWiki