Transforming growth factor beta-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TGFB3 gene.[5][6]
It is a type of protein, known as a cytokine, which is involved in cell differentiation, embryogenesis and development. It belongs to a large family of cytokines called the Transforming growth factor beta superfamily, which includes the TGF-β family, Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth and differentiation factors (GDFs), inhibins and activins.[7]
TGF-β3 is believed to regulate molecules involved in cellular adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation during the process of palate development. Without TGF-β3, mammals develop a deformity known as a cleft palate.[8][9] This is caused by failure of epithelial cells in both sides of the developing palate to fuse. TGF-β3 also plays an essential role in controlling the development of lungs in mammals, by also regulating cell adhesion and ECM formation in this tissue,[10] and controls wound healing by regulating the movements of epidermal and dermal cells in injured skin.[5]
Transforming growth factor, beta 3 has been shown to interact with TGF beta receptor 2.[11][12][13][14]
After successful phase I/II trials,[15] human recombinant TGF-β3 (Avotermin, planned trade name Juvista) failed in Phase III trials.[16]
PDB gallery
| |
---|---|
1ktz: Crystal Structure of the Human TGF-beta Type II Receptor Extracellular Domain in Complex with TGF-beta3
1tgj: HUMAN TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA 3, CRYSTALLIZED FROM DIOXANE
1tgk: HUMAN TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA 3, CRYSTALLIZED FROM PEG 4000
|
| |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TGF beta superfamily of ligands |
| ||||||
TGF beta receptors (Activin, BMP, family) |
| ||||||
Transducers/SMAD |
| ||||||
Ligand inhibitors |
| ||||||
Coreceptors |
| ||||||
Other |
|
| |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fibroblast |
| ||||||||
EGF-like domain |
| ||||||||
TGFβ pathway |
| ||||||||
Insulin/IGF/ Relaxin family |
| ||||||||
Platelet-derived |
| ||||||||
Vascular endothelial |
| ||||||||
Other |
|
| |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type I |
| ||||||||||||||
Type II |
| ||||||||||||||
Type III |
| ||||||||||||||
Unsorted |
|