The return capsule of Chang'e 5-T1, named Xiaofei (Chinese: 小飞), meaning "little flyer" in Chinese, landed in Siziwang Banner, Inner Mongolia, on 31 October 2014, 22:42 UTC. The CE-5-T1 Service Module entered lunar orbit on 13 January 2015.[11] Its initial orbit was 200 x 5,300 km with a period of 8 hours.
It consisted of a DFH-3A "Chang'e 2 type" spacecraft with a mass of approximately 2,215 kg (including 1,065 kg of fuel)[12] carrying the Chang'e 5 return capsule with a mass of under 335 kg.[13] The craft was launched by a Long March 3C rocket into a lunar free return trajectory. It looped behind the Moon and returned to Earth, with the return capsule testing the high speed atmospheric skip reentry.
The DFH-3A "service module" remained in orbit around the Earth before being relocated via Earth-Moon L2 to lunar Lissajous orbit by 13 January 2015, where it will use its remaining 800 kg of fuel to test maneuvers key to future lunar missions.[14]
In February and March 2015, the DFH-3A "service module" performed two "virtual target" rendezvous tests for the future Chang'e 5 mission. In April 2015, the small monitoring camera was used to obtain higher resolution photos of Chang'e 5's landing zone.
In January 2015, the service module transitioned to lunar orbit, orbiting at 200x5300 km. It was still active in early 2018 [1] and was last heard by amateur radio-astronomers in late 2020.[5]
Hertzsprung crater as seen by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. The impact position for the booster was estimated at latitude 5.18 N, longitude 233.55 E.[18][19]
Animation of Chang'e 5-T1 booster's impact on the Moon on March 4, 2022 Chang'e 5-T1 booster· Earth· Moon
The Long March 3C third stage booster, left in orbit between the Earth and the Moon, was predicted to hit, and did hit, the Moon on March 4, 2022, impacting near the Hertzsprung crater.[20][19] Independent spectral analysis from the University of Arizona confirmed its Chinese origin.[21]NASA has published a note on the event. China's foreign ministry has denied this identification, stating that the booster had already burned up in the Earth's atmosphere (albeit referring to the later Chang'e 5 mission in his answer).[22][18] The US Space Command confirmed the third stage never reentered in Earth's atmosphere,[23] and a compatible item is now present on the Space-Track catalogue as object 85900.[24] The impactor object was previously misidentified as 2015-007B, the second stage of the Falcon 9 rocket which launched NASA's Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) spacecraft, but was later correctly identified as the Long March stage in February 2022. The event showed the challenges of tracking small objects in deep space, underlining the importance of sustainability in space operations going forward.[25]
In June 2022, a compatible double crater was found by the LROC team at the same location previously estimated,[26] and later by Chandrayaan-2 OHRC.[27]
Chang'e 5-T1 also carried the first commercial payload to the Moon[28] called the 4M mission (Manfred Memorial Moon Mission) for the German space technology company OHB System, in honor of the company's founder, Manfred Fuchs, who died in 2014. Technical management of the 4M mission was performed by LuxSpace. The payload weighs 14 kilograms and contains two scientific instruments. The first instrument is a radio beacon to test a new approach for locating spacecraft. Amateur radio operators were encouraged via prize incentives to receive the transmissions and send the results back to LuxSpace.[29] The second instrument, a radiation dosimeter provided by the Spanish company iC-Málaga, continuously measured radiation levels throughout the satellite's circumlunar path.[30][31]
The spacecraft also carries a radiation exposure experiment with bacteria and plants.[1][32][33]
^ ab"NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 3 March 2022. The booster used to launch Chang'e 5-T1 went into a highly elliptical Earth orbit after launch. Some calculations show it is on a trajectory to impact the far side of the Moon on March 4, 2022, although China's foreign ministry denied this identification, stating that the booster had already burned up in the Earth's atmosphere. Estimated time of impact for the object is 12:26 UT (7:26 a.m. EST), estimated position at latitude 5.18 N, longitude 233.55 E.
^Jones, Andrew (21 February 2022). "China claims rocket stage destined for lunar impact is not from its 2014 moon mission". SpaceNews. Retrieved 21 March 2023. An element of possible confusion remains over which mission Wang referred to on Monday in response to the question about the impending lunar impact from the Associated Press. Both Chinese and English transcripts and Chinese language video of the press conference refer to the "Chang'e-5 mission," rather than the Chang'e-5 T1 mission specifically.
Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ). Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
