Jump to content

Main menu Navigation ●Main page ●Contents ●Current events ●Random article ●About Wikipedia ●Contact us ●Donate Contribute ●Help ●Learn to edit ●Community portal ●Recent changes ●Upload file

●Create account ●Log in ●Create account ● Log in Pages for logged out editors learn more ●Contributions ●Talk

(Top) 1 Genes 1.1 Number of genes 1.2 Gene list 2 Diseases and disorders 3 Associated traits 4 Cytogenetic band 5 References 6 External links

Chromosome 16

●العربية ●বাংলা ●閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú ●Български ●Bosanski ●Català ●Deutsch ●Español ●فارسی ●Français ●Galego ●Hrvatski ●Italiano ●Latina ●Magyar ●Bahasa Melayu ●Nederlands ●Norsk bokmål ●Polski ●Português ●Română ●Русский ●Српски / srpski ●Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски ●Suomi ●Svenska ●Tagalog ●Türkçe ●Українська ●中文 Edit links ●Article ●Talk ●Read ●Edit ●View history Tools Actions ●Read ●Edit ●View history General ●What links here ●Related changes ●Upload file ●Special pages ●Permanent link ●Page information ●Cite this page ●Get shortened URL ●Download QR code ●Wikidata item Print/export ●Download as PDF ●Printable version In other projects ●Wikimedia Commons Appearance From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Chromosome 16 (human))

Chromosome 16
Human chromosome 16 pair after G-banding. One is from mother, one is from father.
Chromosome 16 pair in human male karyogram.
Features
Length (bp)	96,330,374 bp (CHM13)
No. of genes	795 (CCDS)^[1]
Type	Autosome
Centromere position	Metacentric^[2] (36.8 Mbp^[3])
Complete gene lists
CCDS	Gene list
HGNC	Gene list
UniProt	Gene list
NCBI	Gene list
External map viewers
Ensembl	Chromosome 16
Entrez	Chromosome 16
NCBI	Chromosome 16
UCSC	Chromosome 16
Full DNA sequences
RefSeq	NC_000016 (FASTA)
GenBank	CM000678 (FASTA)

Chromosome 16 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomesinhumans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 16 spans about 96 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents just under 3% of the total DNA in cells.

Genes[edit]

Number of genes[edit]

The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 16. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.^[4]

Estimated by	Protein-coding genes	Non-coding RNA genes	Pseudogenes	Source	Release date
CCDS	795	—	—	^[1]	2016-09-08
HGNC	802	251	365	^[5]	2017-05-12
Ensembl	865	1,046	462	^[6]	2017-03-29
UniProt	838	—	—	^[7]	2018-02-28
NCBI	912	652	502	^[8]^[9]^[10]	2017-05-19

Gene list[edit]

The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 16. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right.

ACSF3: encoding enzyme Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3

ACSM2B: encoding enzyme Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM2B, mitochondrial

ACSM3: encoding enzyme Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM3, mitochondrial 2

ADHD1: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 1

ARL6IP1: encoding protein ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 6-interacting protein 1

ARMC5

BMIQ5: Body mass index quantitative trait locus 5

C16orf58: encoding protein Chromosome 16 open reading frame58

C16orf71: encoding protein Uncharacterized protein Chromosome 16 Open Reading Frame 71

C16orf82:

C16orf84:

C16orf95:

C16orf96: encoding protein C16orf96, or chromosome 16 open reading frame 96,

CARHSP1: Calcium-regulated heat stable protein 1

CASP16P: encoding protein Caspase 16, pseudogene

CCDC113: encoding protein Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 113

Ccdc78: encoding protein Coiled-coil domain-containing 78 (CCDC78)

CDIPT: CDP-diacylglycerol-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase

CFDP1: Craniofacial development protein 1

CHDS1: Coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 1

CIAPIN1: Anamorsin (originally, Cytokine induced apoptosis inhibitor 1)

CKLF: Chemokine-like factor

CLUAP1:

CMTM2: encoding protein CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing protein 2

CCDC135: encoding protein Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 135

COTL1: encoding protein Coactosin-like protein

CPNE7: encoding protein Copine 7

CTRL: Chymotrypsin-like protease

DCTPP1: encoding enzyme dCTP pyrophosphatase 1

DEL16P12.1P11.2: Chromosome 16p12.2-p11.2 deletion syndrome

DEL16p13.3, RSTSS: Chromosome 16p13.3 deletion syndrome (Rubinstein-Taybi deletion syndrome)

DHX38: DEAH-box helicase 38

DUP16p13.3, C16DUPq13.3: Chromosome 16p13.3 duplication syndrome

EMP2: Epithelial membrane protein 2

ENKD1: Enkurin domain-containing protein 1

ERAF: Alpha-hemoglobin-stabilizing protein

FAHD1: Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain-containing protein 1

FAM57B: Family with sequence similarity 57 member B

FBRS: Probably fibrosin-1 long transcript protein

FOXC2-AS1: encoding protein FOXC2 antisense RNA 1

GLG1: Golgi apparatus protein 1

HBAP1: Hemoglobin, alpha pseudogene 1

HBHR, ATR1: Alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome, type 1

HIRIP3: encoding protein HIRA-interacting protein 3

HN1L: encoding protein Hematological and neurological expressed 1-like protein

IBD8: Inflammatory bowel disease 8

IHPS2: Pyloric stenosis, infantile hypertrophic, 2

ITFG3: encoding protein Protein ITFG3

KDM8: encoding protein Lysine demethylase 8

KIAA0895L: uncharacterized protein KIAA0895-like

LINC00273 encoding protein Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 273

LOC124220: encoding protein Zymogen granule protein 16 homolog B

LOC81691:

LUC7L: encoding protein Putative RNA-binding protein Luc7-like 1

LYPLA3: encoding enzyme Group XV phospholipase A2

MC1R: melanocortin 1 receptor

MCOPCT1: Microphthalmia with cataract 1

METRN: encoding protein Meteorin, glial cell differentiation regulator

METTL26/JFP2: encoding protein Chromosome 16 open reading frame 13

MKL2: encoding protein MKL/myocardin-like protein 2

MPHOSPH6: encoding enzyme M-phase phosphoprotein 6

MT1G: encoding protein Metallothionein-1G

MT1X: encoding protein Metallothionein 1X

NIP30: encoding protein NIP30 protein

NOB1: encoding protein RNA-binding protein NOB1

NOMO1: encoding protein Nodal modulator 1

NPW: encoding protein Neuropeptide W

NUBP2: encoding protein Nucleotide-binding protein 2

NUPR1: encoding protein Nuclear protein 1

OGFOD1:

PDF: encoding enzyme Peptide deformylase, mitochondrial

PDPR: encoding protein Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase regulatory subunit

PKDTS: Polycystic kidney disease, infantile severe, with tuberous sclerosis

PMFBP1: encoding protein Polyamine-modulated factor 1-binding protein 1

POLR3K: encoding enzyme DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC10

PRMT7: encoding protein Protein arginine methyltransferase 7

PRR35: encoding protein Proline rich 35

RPS15A: encoding protein 40S ribosomal protein S15a

RSL1D1: encoding protein Ribosomal L1 domain-containing protein 1

SHCBP1: encoding protein SHC SH2 domain-binding protein 1

SLZ1: encoding protein SLX1 structure-specific endonuclease subunit homolog B (S. cerevisiae)

SNAI3-AS1: encoding protein SNAI3 antisense RNA 1

SNORD71: encoding protein Small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 71

SPSB3: encoding protein SplA/ryanodine receptor domain and SOCS box containing 3

SRCAP: encoding enzyme Helicase SRCAP

TANGO6: encoding protein Transport and Golgi organization protein 6 homolog

TAO2: encoding Serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2

TBC1D24: encoding protein TBC1 domain family, member 24

TEDC2: encoding protein Tubulin epsilon and delta complex 2

TELO2: encoding protein Telomere length regulation protein TEL2 homolog

TMEM112: encoding enzyme Lipase maturation factor 1

TMEM8A: encoding protein Transmembrane protein 8A

TNRC6A: encoding protein Trinucleotide repeat-containing gene 6A protein

Tuberous sclerosis complex tumor suppressors: encoding [[]] FALSE

TSR3: encoding

UNKL: encoding protein RING finger protein unkempt-like

VAT1L: encoding protein Vesicle amine transport protein 1 homolog (T. californica)-like

VPS35L: encoding protein VPS35 Endosomal Protein Sorting Factor Like

WFDC1: encoding protein WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 1

ZG16

ZNF23: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 23

ZNF200: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 200

ZNF263: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 263

ZNF629: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 629

ZNF843: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 843

Diseases and disorders[edit]

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Asperger syndrome
Autism spectrum disorder^[11]^[12]
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD-1)
Batten disease
Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria (CMAMMA)
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)
Synesthesia
Thalassemia
Trisomy 16
Morquio syndrome

Associated traits[edit]

Red hair

Cytogenetic band[edit]

G-banding ideograms of human chromosome 16

G-banding ideogram of human chromosome 16 in resolution 850 bphs. Band length in this diagram is proportional to base-pair length. This type of ideogram is generally used in genome browsers (e.g. Ensembl, UCSC Genome Browser).

G-banding patterns of human chromosome 16 in three different resolutions (400,^[13] 550^[14] and 850^[3]). Band length in this diagram is based on the ideograms from ISCN (2013).^[15] This type of ideogram represents actual relative band length observed under a microscope at the different moments during the mitotic process.^[16]

G-bands of human chromosome 16 in resolution 850 bphs^[17]
Chr.	Arm^[18]	Band^[19]	ISCN start^[20]	ISCN stop^[20]	Basepair start	Basepair stop	Stain^[21]	Density
16	p	13.3	0	352	1	7,800,000	gneg
16	p	13.2	352	596	7,800,001	10,400,000	gpos	50
16	p	13.13	596	813	10,400,001	12,500,000	gneg
16	p	13.12	813	948	12,500,001	14,700,000	gpos	50
16	p	13.11	948	1070	14,700,001	16,700,000	gneg
16	p	12.3	1070	1246	16,700,001	21,200,000	gpos	50
16	p	12.2	1246	1409	21,200,001	24,200,000	gneg
16	p	12.1	1409	1558	24,200,001	28,500,000	gpos	50
16	p	11.2	1558	1856	28,500,001	35,300,000	gneg
16	p	11.1	1856	2045	35,300,001	36,800,000	acen
16	q	11.1	2045	2194	36,800,001	38,400,000	acen
16	q	11.2	2194	2709	38,400,001	47,000,000	gvar
16	q	12.1	2709	2953	47,000,001	52,600,000	gneg
16	q	12.2	2953	3142	52,600,001	56,000,000	gpos	50
16	q	13	3142	3346	56,000,001	57,300,000	gneg
16	q	21	3346	3657	57,300,001	66,600,000	gpos	100
16	q	22.1	3657	4023	66,600,001	70,800,000	gneg
16	q	22.2	4023	4118	70,800,001	72,800,000	gpos	50
16	q	22.3	4118	4294	72,800,001	74,100,000	gneg
16	q	23.1	4294	4551	74,100,001	79,200,000	gpos	75
16	q	23.2	4551	4659	79,200,001	81,600,000	gneg
16	q	23.3	4659	4768	81,600,001	84,100,000	gpos	50
16	q	24.1	4768	4930	84,100,001	87,000,000	gneg
16	q	24.2	4930	5025	87,000,001	88,700,000	gpos	25
16	q	24.3	5025	5120	88,700,001	90,338,345	gneg

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b "Search results - 16[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("has ccds"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. CCDS Release 20 for Homo sapiens. 2016-09-08. Retrieved 2017-05-28.

^ Tom Strachan; Andrew Read (2 April 2010). Human Molecular Genetics. Garland Science. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-136-84407-2.

^ ^a ^b Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.

^ Pertea M, Salzberg SL (2010). "Between a chicken and a grape: estimating the number of human genes". Genome Biol. 11 (5): 206. doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-5-206. PMC 2898077. PMID 20441615.

^ "Statistics & Downloads for chromosome 16". HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee. 2017-05-12. Archived from the original on 2017-08-18. Retrieved 2017-05-19.

^ "Chromosome 16: Chromosome summary - Homo sapiens". Ensembl Release 88. 2017-03-29. Retrieved 2017-05-19.

^ "Human chromosome 16: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM". UniProt. 2018-02-28. Retrieved 2018-03-16.

^ "Search results - 16[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("genetype protein coding"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2017-05-20.

^ "Search results - 16[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ( ("genetype miscrna"[Properties] OR "genetype ncrna"[Properties] OR "genetype rrna"[Properties] OR "genetype trna"[Properties] OR "genetype scrna"[Properties] OR "genetype snrna"[Properties] OR "genetype snorna"[Properties]) NOT "genetype protein coding"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2017-05-20.

^ "Search results - 16[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("genetype pseudo"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2017-05-20.

^ Maillard, A M (25 November 2014). "The 16p11.2 locus modulates brain structures common to autism, schizophrenia and obesity". Molecular Psychiatry. 20 (1): 140–147. doi:10.1038/mp.2014.145. PMC 4320286. PMID 25421402.

^ Richter, M (21 February 2018). "Altered TAOK2 activity causes autism-related neurodevelopmental and cognitive abnormalities through RhoA signaling". Molecular Psychiatry. 24 (9): 1329–1350. doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0025-5. PMC 6756231. PMID 29467497.

^ Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (400 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-03-04. Retrieved 2017-04-26.

^ Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (550 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2015-08-11. Retrieved 2017-04-26.

^ International Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). ISCN 2013: An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. ISBN 978-3-318-02253-7.

^ Sethakulvichai, W.; Manitpornsut, S.; Wiboonrat, M.; Lilakiatsakun, W.; Assawamakin, A.; Tongsima, S. (2012). "Estimation of band level resolutions of human chromosome images". 2012 Ninth International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE). pp. 276–282. doi:10.1109/JCSSE.2012.6261965. ISBN 978-1-4673-1921-8. S2CID 16666470.

^ Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.

^ "p": Short arm; "q": Long arm.

^ For cytogenetic banding nomenclature, see article locus.

^ ^a ^b These values (ISCN start/stop) are based on the length of bands/ideograms from the ISCN book, An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Arbitrary unit.

^ gpos: Region which is positively stained by G banding, generally AT-rich and gene poor; gneg: Region which is negatively stained by G banding, generally CG-rich and gene rich; acen Centromere. var: Variable region; stalk: Stalk.

Gilbert F (1999). "Disease genes and chromosomes: disease maps of the human genome. Chromosome 16". Genet Test. 3 (2): 243–54. doi:10.1089/gte.1999.3.243. PMID 10464676.

Martin J, et al. (2004). "The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16" (PDF). Nature. 432 (7020): 988–94. Bibcode:2004Natur.432..988M. doi:10.1038/nature03187. PMID 15616553. S2CID 4362044.

Miller, David T; Nasir, Ramzi; Sobeih, Magdi M; Shen, Yiping; Wu, Bai-Lin; Hanson, Ellen (2011-10-27). "16p11.2 Recurrent Microdeletion". 16p11.2 Microdeletion. University of Washington, Seattle. PMID 20301775. NBK11167.InAdam MP, Everman DB, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Gripp KW, Amemiya A (1993). Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR, et al. (eds.). GeneReviews [Internet]. Seattle WA: University of Washington, Seattle. PMID 20301295.

http://omim.org/search?index=geneMap&search=16p13.3

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Human chromosome 16.

National Institutes of Health. "Chromosome 16". Genetics Home Reference. Archived from the original on August 3, 2004. Retrieved 2017-05-06.
"Chromosome 16". Human Genome Project Information Archive 1990–2003. Retrieved 2017-05-06.

Human mitochondrial DNA