The flora of Romania comprises around 3,450 species of vascular plants, which represents around 30% of the vascular flora of Europe.[1]
The three major vegetation zones in Romania are the alpine, steppe, and forest zones.[2] The latter can be subdivided (depending on soil, climate, and altitude) into regions dominated by the Norway Spruce, European Beech, and various species of Oak,[2] together with less widespread vegetation types such as the Dinaric calcareous block fir forest.
The Danube Delta is the largest continuous marshland in Europe.[3] Vegetation in the marshland is dominated by reeds, with Willow, Poplar, Alder, and Oak on the higher ground.[3] In 1991, this area became part of the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.[3] The delta supports 1,688 different plant species.[4]
The meadow-steppe grassland areas of Romania are also species-rich, but endangered.[5]
Among the flora of Romania are medicinal plants such as Arnica montana, Primula veris, Tussilago farfara, and Atropa belladonna.[1]
All the genera and species of plants found in Romania are listed in the 1977 work The Flora of Romania Illustrated Determinator of Vascular Plants.[6]
Lycopodiaceae | 1.(1) Huperzia (L.) Bernh. | 1.(1) H. selago L. | Lycopodium selago L. |
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1.(2) Lycopodium L. | 1.(2) L. clavatum |
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2.(3) L. annotinum L. |
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1.(4) L. inundatum L. |
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1.(5) L. complanatum L. |
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L. complanatum ssp. complanatum | L. complanatum ssp. anceps (Valir.) Milde | ||
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L. complanatum ssp. chamaeeyparissus (A.Br.) Doll, | L. tristachyum Pursh | |||
1.(6) L. alpinum L. |
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Selaginellaceae | 1.(3) Selaginella P.B. | 1(7)S. selaginoides (L.) | S. spirulosa A. BR. |
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2(8)? S. helvetica (L.) Link |
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Iscëtaceae | 1.(4)Isoëtes L. | 1(9) ?I. lacustre L. |
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2(10) ?I. setaceum Lam. | I. tenella Lam. ex Desv., I. echinospora Dur. |
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Equisetaceae | 1.(5)Equisetum | 1(11)E. telmatea Ehrh. | Equisetum maximum auct. |
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2(12)E. arvense L. |
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3(13)E. silvaticum L. |
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4(14)E. fluviatile L. em. Ehrh. | Equisetum limnosum Ehrh. |
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5(15) E. palustre L. |
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6(16) E. ramosissimun Desf. |
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7(17) E. pratense Ehrh. |
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8(18) E. hyemale |
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9(19) E. variegatum Schleich. |
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E. X morel Newm. (= hyemale X ramosissimun) |
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E. X naegelianum W. Koch (= ramosissimun X variegatum) |
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X = hybrid
? = Species which were no longer found in 1977.
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Pinales | Pinaceae | 1.Abies Mill. |
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2.Pseudotsuga Carr.[7] |
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3.Picea A.Dietr. |
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4.Larix Mill. |
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5.Pinus L. |
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Cupressaceae | 1.Taxodium Rich.[7] |
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2.Chamaecyparis Spach[7] |
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3.Thuja L.[7] |
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4.Juniperus L. |
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Taxus L. |
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Ephedra L.// |
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Sovereign states |
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States with limited recognition |
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Dependencies and other entities |
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