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Gao Shi

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Gao Shi
高適
Gao Shi, painted by Kanō Tsunenobu in the 18th century
Born	704 Cangzhou, Hebei, China
Died	765 (aged 60–61) Cangzhou, Hebei, China
Occupation(s)	Military general, poet, politician
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	高適
Simplified Chinese	高适[a]
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Gāo Shì Wade–Giles Kao Shih Yue: Cantonese Jyutping Gou1 Sik1
Dafu
Traditional Chinese	達夫
Simplified Chinese	达夫
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Dáfū
Zhongwu
Chinese	仲武
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zhòngwǔ
Gao Changshi
Chinese	高常侍
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Gāo Chángshì

Gao Shi (c. 704 – 765)^[1][2] was a Chinese military general, poet, and politician of the Tang dynasty, two of whose poems were collected in the popular anthology Three Hundred Tang Poems. His courtesy name was Dáfū (達夫).^[3][4]

Born into an impoverished family, Gao eventually became a secretary in the military, enjoying a successful career.^[5] His hometown was either in modern Hunan ProvinceorShandong Province.^[4][5]

Gao Shi was one of the competitors in the famous wine shop competition, along with Wang Zhihuan and Wang Changling.

Gao Shi is generally considered to have been born in 704, in Cangzhou(沧州). He spent his childhood in Guangzhou, where his father worked as an officer in Shaozhou(广东韶关). Afterward, Gao Shi traveled around middle and southern China for more than 10 years and moved to Songzhou(宋州). During this time, he failed to find a way to become an official.^[6] In 731, Gao Shi moved to Shuofang(朔方) and joined the army. He witnessed the fight with the Khitan people and created many of his masterpieces like "A Song of the Yan Country".

After the war, Gao Shi moved back to Songzhou and started another round of traveling. In the next 10 years, Gao Shi met Li Bai, Du Fu, and many other famous poets. In 749, Gao Shi was recommended by Zhang Jiugao(张九皋). He became a county lieutenant in that autumn and visited the frontier as an official for the next 2 years.^[7] In the next several years, Gao Shi traveled around the frontier with the army. As the war was going well, Gao Shi kept getting promoted.

In 755, the An Lushan Rebellion took place. As a secretary in the military, Gao Shi had more chances to meet the emperor and show his talent. After a chain of promotions, Gao Shi finally became the jiedushiofChengdu.

One of Gao Shi's poems (as translated by Witter Bynner), appearing in the Tang 300, was "A Song of the Yan Country", referring to the Yan territory of the An and Shi "Yan dynasty", the other being "To Vice-prefects Li and Wang degraded and transferred to Xiazhong and Changsha". He moved back to the capital in 764 and in his last days, he became the deputy minister of the ministry of punishment.^[8] On February 17, 765, Gao Shi died in his home in Chang'an.

Gao's farewell poetry – particularly Farewell to Dongda (Chinese: 別董大) – is notable for its optimism and encouragement, contrasting with the "debilitating grief" found in farewell poetry of the era. This optimism was massively influential on the works of Song dynasty poet Li Gonglin, to whom the themes of human agency and potential appealed.^[9]: 52

• Wu, John C. H. (1972). The Four Seasons of Tang Poetry. Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle. ISBN 978-0-8048-0197-3.