Histone deacetylase 4, also known as HDAC4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HDAC4 gene.[5][6]
Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to class II of the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It possesses histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter. This protein does not bind DNA directly but through transcription factors MEF2C and MEF2D. It seems to interact in a multiprotein complex with RbAp48 and HDAC3.[7] Furthermore, HDAC4 is required for TGFbeta1-induced myofibroblastic differentiation.[8]
Studies have shown that HDAC4 regulates bone and muscle development. Harvard University researchers also concluded that it promotes healthy vision: Reduced levels of the protein led to the death of the rod photoreceptors and bipolar cells in the retinas of mice.[9][10]
HDAC4 has been shown to interact with:
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
PDB gallery
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2h8n: Structure of a glutamine-rich domain from histone deacetylase 4
2o94: The 97H/F mutant Structure of a glutamine-rich domain from histone deacetylase 4
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Hydrolases: carbon-nitrogen non-peptide (EC 3.5)
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3.5.1: Linear amides / Amidohydrolases |
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3.5.2: Cyclic amides/ Amidohydrolases |
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3.5.3: Linear amidines/ Ureohydrolases |
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3.5.4: Cyclic amidines/ Aminohydrolases |
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3.5.5: Nitriles/ Aminohydrolases |
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3.5.99: Other |
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Activity |
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Regulation |
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Classification |
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Kinetics |
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Types |
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