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| Hongxi Emperor 洪熙帝 | |||||||||||||||||
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| Emperor of the Ming dynasty | |||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 7 September 1424 – 29 May 1425 | ||||||||||||||||
| Enthronement | 7 September 1424 | ||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Yongle Emperor | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Xuande Emperor | ||||||||||||||||
| Crown Prince of the Ming dynasty | |||||||||||||||||
| Tenure | 12 May 1404 – 7 September 1424 | ||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Zhu Wenkui, Crown Prince Hejian | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Imperial Grandson-heir Zhu Zhanji | ||||||||||||||||
| Hereditary Prince of Yan | |||||||||||||||||
| Tenure | 4 November 1395 – 17 July 1402 | ||||||||||||||||
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| Born | 16 August 1378 Hongwu 11, 23rd day of the 7th month (洪武十一年七月二十三日) | ||||||||||||||||
| Died | 29 May 1425(1425-05-29) (aged 46) Hongxi 1, 12th day of the 5th month (洪熙元年五月十二日) Hall of Imperial Peace, Forbidden City, Beijing, Ming dynasty | ||||||||||||||||
| Burial |
Xianling Mausoleum, Ming tombs, Beijing, China
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| Consorts |
(m. 1396–1425) | ||||||||||||||||
| Issue |
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| House | House of Zhu | ||||||||||||||||
| Dynasty | Ming | ||||||||||||||||
| Father | Yongle Emperor | ||||||||||||||||
| Mother | Empress Renxiaowen | ||||||||||||||||
| Hongxi Emperor | |||||||||
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| Chinese | 洪熙帝 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | “Vastly Bright” | ||||||||
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The Hongxi Emperor (16 August 1378 – 29 May 1425), personal name Zhu Gaochi (朱高熾), was the fourth emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigned from 1424 to 1425. He was the eldest son of the Yongle Emperor and Empress Renxiaowen and the maternal grandson of Xu Da, Prince of Zhongshan. His era name "Hongxi" means "vastly bright".
Zhu Gaochi was born on 16 August 1378 and was educated by prominent Confucian tutors. He often acted as regent in NanjingorBeijing during his father's northern military campaigns.
He was uninterested in military matters but had prowess in archery.[1]
Already in May 1421, during the reign of the Yongle Emperor, an order was issued for the suspension of Zheng He's maritime expeditions, apparently on account of their cost (although the order apparently did not affect the 6th voyage of Zheng He, staged around that time).[2] Zhu Gaochi, as soon as he was enthroned as the Hongxi Emperor in September 1424, cancelled Zheng He's maritime expeditions permanently, arguably burned down the fleet or left the ships to decompose, and abolished frontier trade of tea for horses as well as missions for gold and pearls to Yunnan and Vietnam.[3] He restored disgraced Confucian officials, such as the Yongle Emperor's minister of revenue Xia Yuanji (imprisoned since 1421),[3] and reorganized the administration to give high ranks to his close advisors. Hanlin academicians became grand secretaries, and they dismantled his father's unpopular militaristic policies to restore civil government. The Hongxi Emperor improved finances by canceling requisitions for lumber, gold, and silver. Taxes were remitted so that vagrant farmers could return home, especially in the overburdened Yangtze River Delta. The Hongxi Emperor appointed a commission to investigate taxes. He overruled his secretaries by ordering that grain should be sent immediately to relieve disaster areas.
The Hongxi Emperor ordered that the capital be moved back to Nanjing from Beijing (which had been made the capital by the Yongle Emperor in 1421). However he died, probably of a heart attack, a month later in May 1425. His son had been declared heir apparent and became the Xuande Emperor at age 26. Although the Hongxi Emperor had a short reign, he is credited with reforms that made lasting improvements, and his liberal policies were continued by his son.
Consorts and Issue:
| Zhu Chuyi | |||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Shizhen (1281–1344) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Empress Yu | |||||||||||||||||||
| Hongwu Emperor (1328–1398) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Lord Chen (1235–1334) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Empress Chun (1286–1344) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Yongle Emperor (1360–1424) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Empress Xiaocigao (1332–1382) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Lady Zheng | |||||||||||||||||||
| Hongxi Emperor (1378–1425) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Xu Siqi | |||||||||||||||||||
| Xu Liusi | |||||||||||||||||||
| Lady Zhou | |||||||||||||||||||
| Xu Da (1332–1385) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Lady Cai | |||||||||||||||||||
| Empress Renxiaowen (1362–1407) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Xie Zaixing | |||||||||||||||||||
| Lady Xie | |||||||||||||||||||
Hongxi Emperor Born: 16 August 1378 Died: 29 May 1425 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by | Emperor of the Ming dynasty Emperor of China 1424–1425 |
Succeeded by |
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| Ming |
| 明 |
| Southern Ming |
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Xia → Shang → Zhou → Qin → Han → 3 Kingdoms → Jìn / 16 Kingdoms → S. Dynasties / N. Dynasties → Sui → Tang → 5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms → Liao / Song / W. Xia / Jīn → Yuan → Ming → Qing → ROC / PRC | ||
